Charles E Mcculloch
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1739964 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Charles E Mcculloch |
| PRENOMES | Charles E |
| SOBRENOME | Mcculloch |
| ASSINATURA | MCCULLOCH C E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1279-6179 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Factors associated with fluoxetine adherence among outpatients with common mental disorders in Western Kenya
OBJECTIVE: Non-adherence to antidepressants has been linked to increased symptom severity, relapse and hospitalisation from common mental disorders. However, there is limited knowledge of factors associated with antidepressant adherence in low-income and middle-income countries, especially in public sector, primary care settings. METHODS: We quantified fluoxetine adherence using the medication possession ratio. A limitation of this measure is tha…
Productivity benefits of treatment of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in Kenya
INTRODUCTION: Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly contribute to the global disease burden, adversely affecting health, medical costs and economic productivity. The SMART-DAPPER project in western Kenya approached this challenge by deploying trained non-specialists to administer proven depression and PTSD treatments. METHODS: Participants were public sector primary care outpatients at Kiumu County Hospital with major…
Economic Insecurities and Mental Health Among Low-Income Pregnant People in the Central Valley Region of California
We found low-income pregnant people experience significant economic insecurities that may impact mental health adversely. Programs that increase economic supports during pregnancy may serve as important maternal mental health interventions, especially among racial/ethnic minoritized groups
The impact of a water promotion and access intervention on elementary school students in the presence of food insecurity
Objective: School-based interventions encouraging children to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water show promise for reducing child overweight. However, students with child food insecurity (CFI) may not respond to nutrition interventions like children who are food-secure. Design: The Water First cluster-randomised trial found that school water access and promotion prevented child overweight and increased water intake. This secondary analys…
Defining a screening tool for post-traumatic stress disorder in East Africa
Background: Scalable PTSD screening strategies must be brief, accurate and capable of administration by a non-specialized workforce. Methods: We used PTSD as determined by the structured clinical interview as our gold standard and considered predictors sets of (a) Posttraumatic Stress Checklist-5 (PCL-5), (b) Primary Care PTSD Screen for the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD) and, (c) PCL-5 and PC-PTSD questions to identify the optimal items for PTSD screening for …
Changes in BMI prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic among children
Among children in San Francisco, increases in BMI-z score and overweight/obesity were greater during the pandemic compared to prior changes, with the most pronounced increases among younger and publicly insured children. These findings support the need for more targeted and effective policies for addressing childhood overweight/obesity, especially among these high-risk populations
Study Designs to Assess Real-World Interventions to Prevent Covid-19
Background: In the face of the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, scientists and the public are eager for evidence about what measures are effective at slowing its spread and preventing morbidity and mortality. Other than mathematical modeling, studies thus far evaluating public health and behavioral interventions at scale have largely been observational and ecologic, focusing on aggregate summaries. Conclusions from these studies are susceptible to bias fr…
Parent Mental Health and Family Coping over Two Years after the Birth of a Child with Acute Neonatal Seizures
Little is known about parent and family well-being after acute neonatal seizures. In thus study, we aimed to characterize parent mental health and family coping over the first two years after their child's neonatal seizures. Parents of 303 children with acute neonatal seizures from nine pediatric hospitals completed surveys at discharge and 12-, 18- and 24-months corrected age. Outcomes included parental anxiety, depression, quality of life, impa…
East African HIV care
PLWH had high prevalence of depression on the CESD. Diverse depression symptoms were independently associated with increases in viral load, underscoring the need for comprehensive treatment of depression
Effects of a multipronged beverage intervention on young children’s beverage intake and weight
Objective: To evaluate whether a multipronged pilot intervention promoting healthier beverage consumption improved at-home beverage consumption and weight status among young children. Design: In this exploratory pilot study, we randomly assigned four childcare centres to a control (delayed-intervention) condition or a 12-week intervention that promoted consumption of healthier beverages (water, unsweetened low- or non-fat milk) and discouraged co…
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax
Objectives. To estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods. Methods. Data came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared wi…
Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research
Interventional researchers face many design challenges when assessing intervention implementation in real-world settings. Intervention implementation requires holding fast on internal validity needs while incorporating external validity considerations (such as uptake by diverse subpopulations, acceptability, cost, and sustainability). Quasi-experimental designs (QEDs) are increasingly employed to achieve a balance between internal and external va…
Women’s Mental Health and Well-being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion
In this study, compared with having an abortion, being denied an abortion may be associated with greater risk of initially experiencing adverse psychological outcomes. Psychological well-being improved over time so that both groups of women eventually converged. These findings do not support policies that restrict women's access to abortion on the basis that abortion harms women's mental health.
Validation of a survey to examine drinking-water access, practices and policies in schools
Objective Ensuring ready access to free drinking-water in schools is an important strategy for prevention of obesity and dental caries, and for improving student learning. Yet to date, there are no validated instruments to examine water access in schools. The present study aimed to develop and validate a survey of school administrators to examine school access to beverages, including water and sports drinks, and school and district-level water-re…
Impact of the Berkeley Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption
Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Berkeley, California, which became the first US jurisdiction to implement such a tax ($0.01/oz) in March 2015. Methods. We used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine changes in pre- to posttax beverage consumption in low-income neighborhoods in Berkeley versus in the comparison cities of Oakland and San Francisco, California. A beverage fr…
Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Increase of perceived frequency of neighborhood domestic violence is associated with increase of women's depression symptoms in a nationally representative longitudinal study in South Africa
The impact of performance incentives on child health outcomes
Improving clinical performance using measurement and payment incentives, including pay for performance (or P4P), has, so far, shown modest to no benefit on patient outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a P4P programme on paediatric health outcomes in the Philippines. We used data from the Quality Improvement Demonstration Study. In this study, the P4P intervention, introduced in 2004, was randomly assigned to 10 community district h…
Regression Methods in Biostatistics
Medication Adherence
Willingness of Clinicians to Integrate Microbicides into HIV Prevention Practices in Southern Africa
Relaxing the Rule of Ten Events per Variable in Logistic and Cox Regression
The rule of thumb that logistic and Cox models should be used with a minimum of 10 outcome events per predictor variable (EPV), based on two simulation studies, may be too conservative. The authors conducted a large simulation study of other influences on confidence interval coverage, type I error, relative bias, and other model performance measures. They found a range of circumstances in which coverage and bias were within acceptable levels desp…
Quality of care and its impact on population health
Back to the Future
We reviewed smoking shown in a random sample of major motion pictures from 1950 through 2002. Smoking incidents declined from 10.7 incidents per hour in 1950 to a minimum of 4.9 in 1980–1982 but increased to 10.9 in 2002. Despite declining tobacco use and increasing public understanding of the dangers of smoking in the real world, smoking in movies has returned to levels observed in 1950, when smoking was nearly twice as prevalent in reality as i…
Variation in Access to Health Care for Different Racial/Ethnic Groups by the Racial/Ethnic Composition of an Individual's County of Residence
BACKGROUND: Although the majority of studies examining racial/ethnic disparities in health care have focused on the characteristics of the individual, more recently there has been growing attention to the notion that an individual's health practices could be influenced by the characteristics of the place where they reside. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether access to care for individuals of different racial/ethnic group…
Impact of the Berkeley Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption
Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Berkeley, California, which became the first US jurisdiction to implement such a tax ($0.01/oz) in March 2015. Methods. We used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine changes in pre- to posttax beverage consumption in low-income neighborhoods in Berkeley versus in the comparison cities of Oakland and San Francisco, California. A beverage fr…
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax
Objectives. To estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods. Methods. Data came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared wi…
The impact of performance incentives on child health outcomes
Improving clinical performance using measurement and payment incentives, including pay for performance (or P4P), has, so far, shown modest to no benefit on patient outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a P4P programme on paediatric health outcomes in the Philippines. We used data from the Quality Improvement Demonstration Study. In this study, the P4P intervention, introduced in 2004, was randomly assigned to 10 community district h…
Back to the Future
We reviewed smoking shown in a random sample of major motion pictures from 1950 through 2002. Smoking incidents declined from 10.7 incidents per hour in 1950 to a minimum of 4.9 in 1980–1982 but increased to 10.9 in 2002. Despite declining tobacco use and increasing public understanding of the dangers of smoking in the real world, smoking in movies has returned to levels observed in 1950, when smoking was nearly twice as prevalent in reality as i…
Increase of perceived frequency of neighborhood domestic violence is associated with increase of women's depression symptoms in a nationally representative longitudinal study in South Africa
Quality of care and its impact on population health
Variance Components
WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PAPERBACK SERIES. The Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists. ". . .Variance Components is an excellent bo…
Self-Efficacy, Depressive Symptoms, and Patients’ Expectations Predict Outcomes in Asthma
BACKGROUND: Certain psychosocial variables are relatively unexplored as possible predictors of asthma outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine if asthma self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and unrealistic expectations predict urgent care use and change in health-related quality of life measured by the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the SF-36 during 2 years. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in a primary care internal medicine practice …
Effect of Managed Care Insurance on the Use of Preventive Care for Specific Ethnic Groups in the United States
BACKGROUND: Ethnic disparities in access to health care is a persistent problem in the US. Despite the broad implementation of managed care, there is little information that specifically addresses how this type of coverage may affect ethnic disparities. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of managed care insurance on the use of preventive care for different ethnic groups. RESEARCH DESIGN: Observational cohort using the 1996 Medical Expenditure Pane…
Is the Prevalence of Gatekeeping in a Community Associated With Individual Trust in Medical Care
BACKGROUND: Consumer concerns about the restrictions of managed care may lead to distrust. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a community's level of gatekeeping activity is associated with an individual's trust in medical care. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort (N = 49,929). SUBJECTS: Participants in a nationally representative sample derived from the Community Tracking Survey who had health insurance, had a usual source of care, made at least …
Back to the Future
We reviewed smoking shown in a random sample of major motion pictures from 1950 through 2002. Smoking incidents declined from 10.7 incidents per hour in 1950 to a minimum of 4.9 in 1980–1982 but increased to 10.9 in 2002. Despite declining tobacco use and increasing public understanding of the dangers of smoking in the real world, smoking in movies has returned to levels observed in 1950, when smoking was nearly twice as prevalent in reality as i…
Variation in Access to Health Care for Different Racial/Ethnic Groups by the Racial/Ethnic Composition of an Individual's County of Residence
BACKGROUND: Although the majority of studies examining racial/ethnic disparities in health care have focused on the characteristics of the individual, more recently there has been growing attention to the notion that an individual's health practices could be influenced by the characteristics of the place where they reside. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether access to care for individuals of different racial/ethnic group…
Quality of care and its impact on population health
Relaxing the Rule of Ten Events per Variable in Logistic and Cox Regression
The rule of thumb that logistic and Cox models should be used with a minimum of 10 outcome events per predictor variable (EPV), based on two simulation studies, may be too conservative. The authors conducted a large simulation study of other influences on confidence interval coverage, type I error, relative bias, and other model performance measures. They found a range of circumstances in which coverage and bias were within acceptable levels desp…
Medication Adherence
Willingness of Clinicians to Integrate Microbicides into HIV Prevention Practices in Southern Africa
Regression Methods in Biostatistics
The impact of performance incentives on child health outcomes
Improving clinical performance using measurement and payment incentives, including pay for performance (or P4P), has, so far, shown modest to no benefit on patient outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a P4P programme on paediatric health outcomes in the Philippines. We used data from the Quality Improvement Demonstration Study. In this study, the P4P intervention, introduced in 2004, was randomly assigned to 10 community district h…
Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Increase of perceived frequency of neighborhood domestic violence is associated with increase of women's depression symptoms in a nationally representative longitudinal study in South Africa
Impact of the Berkeley Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption
Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Berkeley, California, which became the first US jurisdiction to implement such a tax ($0.01/oz) in March 2015. Methods. We used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine changes in pre- to posttax beverage consumption in low-income neighborhoods in Berkeley versus in the comparison cities of Oakland and San Francisco, California. A beverage fr…
Women’s Mental Health and Well-being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion
In this study, compared with having an abortion, being denied an abortion may be associated with greater risk of initially experiencing adverse psychological outcomes. Psychological well-being improved over time so that both groups of women eventually converged. These findings do not support policies that restrict women's access to abortion on the basis that abortion harms women's mental health.
Validation of a survey to examine drinking-water access, practices and policies in schools
Objective Ensuring ready access to free drinking-water in schools is an important strategy for prevention of obesity and dental caries, and for improving student learning. Yet to date, there are no validated instruments to examine water access in schools. The present study aimed to develop and validate a survey of school administrators to examine school access to beverages, including water and sports drinks, and school and district-level water-re…
Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research
Interventional researchers face many design challenges when assessing intervention implementation in real-world settings. Intervention implementation requires holding fast on internal validity needs while incorporating external validity considerations (such as uptake by diverse subpopulations, acceptability, cost, and sustainability). Quasi-experimental designs (QEDs) are increasingly employed to achieve a balance between internal and external va…
East African HIV care
PLWH had high prevalence of depression on the CESD. Diverse depression symptoms were independently associated with increases in viral load, underscoring the need for comprehensive treatment of depression
Effects of a multipronged beverage intervention on young children’s beverage intake and weight
Objective: To evaluate whether a multipronged pilot intervention promoting healthier beverage consumption improved at-home beverage consumption and weight status among young children. Design: In this exploratory pilot study, we randomly assigned four childcare centres to a control (delayed-intervention) condition or a 12-week intervention that promoted consumption of healthier beverages (water, unsweetened low- or non-fat milk) and discouraged co…
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax
Objectives. To estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods. Methods. Data came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared wi…
Study Designs to Assess Real-World Interventions to Prevent Covid-19
Background: In the face of the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, scientists and the public are eager for evidence about what measures are effective at slowing its spread and preventing morbidity and mortality. Other than mathematical modeling, studies thus far evaluating public health and behavioral interventions at scale have largely been observational and ecologic, focusing on aggregate summaries. Conclusions from these studies are susceptible to bias fr…
Parent Mental Health and Family Coping over Two Years after the Birth of a Child with Acute Neonatal Seizures
Little is known about parent and family well-being after acute neonatal seizures. In thus study, we aimed to characterize parent mental health and family coping over the first two years after their child's neonatal seizures. Parents of 303 children with acute neonatal seizures from nine pediatric hospitals completed surveys at discharge and 12-, 18- and 24-months corrected age. Outcomes included parental anxiety, depression, quality of life, impa…
Defining a screening tool for post-traumatic stress disorder in East Africa
Background: Scalable PTSD screening strategies must be brief, accurate and capable of administration by a non-specialized workforce. Methods: We used PTSD as determined by the structured clinical interview as our gold standard and considered predictors sets of (a) Posttraumatic Stress Checklist-5 (PCL-5), (b) Primary Care PTSD Screen for the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD) and, (c) PCL-5 and PC-PTSD questions to identify the optimal items for PTSD screening for …
Changes in BMI prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic among children
Among children in San Francisco, increases in BMI-z score and overweight/obesity were greater during the pandemic compared to prior changes, with the most pronounced increases among younger and publicly insured children. These findings support the need for more targeted and effective policies for addressing childhood overweight/obesity, especially among these high-risk populations
Medicine (26 obras) · Environmental health (14 obras) · Psychology (10 obras) · Demography (9 obras) · Public health (9 obras) · Family medicine (8 obras) · Psychiatry (8 obras) · Nursing (7 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (7 obras) · Computer Science (6 obras)