Howard F Andrews
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1748228 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Howard F Andrews |
| PRENOMES | Howard F |
| SOBRENOME | Andrews |
| ASSINATURA | ANDREWS H F |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7726-0551 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 244 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1971 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Frailty and poor physical functioning as risk factors for driving cessation
Introduction: Frailty and low physical performance are modifiable factors and, therefore, targets for interventions aimed at delaying driving cessation (DC). The objective was to determine the impact of frailty and physical performance on DC. Methods: Multisite prospective cohort of older drivers. The key inclusion criteria are as follows: active driver age 65-79 years, possessing a valid driver's license, without significant cognitive impairment…
Change in parental knowledge and beliefs about early childhood dental caries following a pragmatic community‐based trial
MSB enhanced knowledge and beliefs about caries and confirmed hypothesized mediators of behavior change among parents of high-risk children. Engaging peer-like CHW interventionists may have moderated intervention effects, warranting further exploration
Associations of Self-Care Health Behaviors With Driving Cessation Among Older Drivers
Older adults are at risk of driving cessation as they age, which can result in negative health outcomes including loss of independence. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self-care health behaviors with the risk of driving cessation. Demographics, health and driving characteristics were captured from healthcare systems in Denver, CO, San Diego, CA, Ann Arbor, MI, Baltimore, MD and Cooperstown, NY for 2,990 adults at baseline then…
Diagnostic classification of irritability and oppositionality in youth
BACKGROUND: Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO classified chronic irritability within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in ICD-11, a solution markedly different from DSM-5's (i.e. the new childhood mood diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD]) and from ICD-10's (i.e. ODD as one of several conduct disord…
Importance of Driving and Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults
PURPOSE: Analyses compared older drivers from urban, suburban, and rural areas on perceived importance of continuing to drive and potential impact that driving cessation would have on what they want and need to do. METHODS: The AAA LongROAD Study is a prospective study of driving behaviors, patterns, and outcomes of older adults. A cohort of 2,990 women and men 65-79 years of age was recruited during 2015-2017 from health systems or primary care …
Medicaid Contributes Substantial Costs to Dementia Care in an Ethnically Diverse Community
Results highlight Medicaid's contribution to covering the cost of dementia care in addition to Medicare. Studies that do not include Medicaid are unlikely to accurately reflect the true cost of dementia
Implementing the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial for the recovery-oriented intervention to people with psychoses in two Latin American cities
Several Latin American countries have made remarkable strides towards offering community mental health care for people with psychoses. Nonetheless, mental health clinics generally have a very limited outreach in the community, tending to have weaker links to primary health care; rarely engaging patients in providing care; and usually not providing recovery-oriented services. This paper describes a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Critic…
Family nurture intervention for preterm infants facilitates positive mother–infant face-to-face engagement at 4 months
Although preterm infants are at risk for social deficits, interventions to improve mother-infant interaction in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are not part of standard care (SC). Study participants were a subset from a randomized controlled trial of a new intervention for premature infants, the Family Nurture Intervention (FNI), designed to help mothers and infants establish an emotional connection. At infants' 4 months corrected age, mo…
Disparities in self-rated health across generations and through the life course
Developing a science of clinical utility in diagnostic classification systems
The World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse has developed a systematic program of field studies to evaluate and improve the clinical utility of the proposed diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders in the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). The clinical utility of a diagnostic classification is critical to its function as t…
Maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and 4-month mother–infant interaction
Beatrice Beebe, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Frank Lachmann, PhD, Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity; Joseph Jaffe, MD, Sara Markese, PhD, Karen A. Buck, MA, Patricia Cohen, PhD, Stanley Feldstein, PhD, and Howard Andrews, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Henian Chen, MD, PhD, College of Public Health, University of South Florida. This research was supported by The National Institute of Mental Health (G…
Maternal anxiety symptoms and mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Associations of maternal self‐report anxiety‐related symptoms with mother–infant 4‐month face‐to‐face play were investigated in 119 pairs. Attention, affect, spatial orientation, and touch were coded from split‐screen videotape on a 1‐s time base. Self‐ and interactive contingency were assessed by time‐series methods. Because anxiety symptoms signal emotional dysregulation, we expected to find atypical patterns of mother–infant interactive contin…
Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Urban Residential Environment Characteristics as Determinants of Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
Objectives. We evaluated whether neighborhood characteristics correlated with early neurodevelopment and whether these characteristics confounded the previously reported association between exposure to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide) and neurodevelopment. Methods. We obtained prenatal addresses, chlorpyrifos exposure data, and 36-month Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) scores for a birth cohort i…
An Examination of Periodontal Treatment, Dental Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in an Insured Population in the United States
Objectives. We examined whether periodontal treatment or other dental care is associated with adverse birth outcomes within a medical and dental insurance database. Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, we examined the records of 23 441 women enrolled in a national insurance plan who delivered live births from singleton pregnancies in the United States between January 1, 2003, and September 30, 2006, for adverse birth outcomes on the basis of…
The origins of 12-month attachment
A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant face-to-face communication revealed a fine-grained specification of communication processes that predicted 12-month insecure attachment outcomes, particularly resistant and disorganized classifications. An urban community sample of 84 dyads were videotaped at 4 months during a face-to-face interaction, and at 12 months during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Four-month mother and infant communication modal…
Sexual risk reduction among non-injection drug users
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a sexual risk-reduction intervention targeting non-injection drug users (NIDUs) and members of their drug-use/sexual networks (N=270). The intervention was based primarily on the social-influencing approach, and was delivered in four sessions. Sexual risk behaviors were examined at baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the completion of the intervention using the vaginal equivalent episodes (VEE)…
Six‐week postpartum maternal depressive symptoms and 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Associations of 6‐week maternal depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D)] with 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency patterns during face‐to‐face play were investigated in 132 dyads. Self‐ and interactive contingency (auto‐ and lagged cross‐correlation, respectively) were assessed by multilevel time‐series analysis. Infant and mother gaze, facial and vocal affect, touch, and spatial orient…
Six-week postpartum maternal self-criticism and dependency and 4-month mother-infant self- and interactive contingencies
Associations of 6-week postpartum maternal self-criticism and dependency with 4-month mother-infant self- and interactive contingencies during face-to-face play were investigated in 126 dyads. Infant and mother face, gaze, touch, and vocal quality were coded second by second from split-screen videotape. Self- and interactive contingencies were defined as auto- and lagged cross-correlation, respectively, using multilevel time-series models. Statis…
Biological, social, and community influences on third‐grade reading levels of minority Head Start children
The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of individual and community level risks on school outcomes of children who attend Head Start. We studied a sample of 3,693 African American and Hispanic children who had been born in New York City, participated in Head Start, and attended New York City public schools. The outcome was the score obtained on a citywide third‐grade reading test. Individual level risk factors were derived from birth…
Rauh Et Al. Respond
Racial/ethnic differences in the distribution of births across the childbearing years are indeed dramatic and likely reflect powerful economic and sociocultural influences on the timing of births—influences determining who is selected into the pool of women giving birth at older ages. We know that fewer births occur among African American women than among White women after 30 years of age.1,2 We also know that postponement of first birth may be i…
The Contribution of Maternal Age to Racial Disparities in Birthweight
Objectives. This study assessed the contribution of age and other risk factors to racial disparities in rates of moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500–2499 g) and very low birthweight (VLBW; Methods. Logistic regression models were developed to determine the effects on MLBW and VLBW of maternal age, race, and poverty, adjusting for birth order, smoking, substance abuse, marital status, and educational level. The sample consisted of 158 174 singl…
Deindustrialization, Inner-City Decay, and the Hierarchical Diffusion of Aids in the USA
AIDS is well known to have diffused hierarchically among US metropolitan regions, from the larger to the smaller, along national travel routes. Here we relate that diffusion to economic and social policy, by using approaches from population and community ecology and quantitative geography. We find that patterns of deindustrialization driven by cold war policies have interacted synergistically with the 'planned shrinkage' hollowing-out of poor min…
Aids, Tuberculosis, Violent Crime, and Low Birthweight in Eight US Metropolitan Areas
In previous papers of this series we have shown how public policies of 'planned shrinkage' triggered contagious urban decay and massive destruction of low-income housing within poor minority communities of New York City. The resulting social disintegration exacerbated epidemics of infectious disease, including AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and TB (tuberculosis), and such behavioral pathologies as substance abuse and violence. We exten…
The late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study described factors related to colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were used on data from the New York State Tumor Registry and US Census area-level social class indicators. RESULTS: After the effects of other predictors were controlled for, the odds of late-stage cancer increased as age decreased; women and African Americans were significantly more likely to have late stage than men an…
Predictors of emergency room use by homeless adults in New York City
Employing data from a 1987 shelter survey of 1260 homeless adults in New York City, multivariate models of emergency room (ER) use are developed which include an array of risk factors for visiting a hospital ER including health and mental health problems, victimization and injuries. The study's primary goal is to identify factors that predict ER use in this population. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were tested separately for …
The Contribution of Maternal Age to Racial Disparities in Birthweight
Objectives. This study assessed the contribution of age and other risk factors to racial disparities in rates of moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500–2499 g) and very low birthweight (VLBW; Methods. Logistic regression models were developed to determine the effects on MLBW and VLBW of maternal age, race, and poverty, adjusting for birth order, smoking, substance abuse, marital status, and educational level. The sample consisted of 158 174 singl…
Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer
Previous studies of the relationship between cancer stage, age, and race have not controlled for social class and health care setting. Logistic regression analyses, using information from the New York State Tumor Registry and area-level social class indicators, demonstrated that, in New York City, older Black, lower class women in public hospitals were 3.75 and 2.54 times more likely to have late stage breast or cervical cancer, respectively, tha…
Predictors of emergency room use by homeless adults in New York City
Employing data from a 1987 shelter survey of 1260 homeless adults in New York City, multivariate models of emergency room (ER) use are developed which include an array of risk factors for visiting a hospital ER including health and mental health problems, victimization and injuries. The study's primary goal is to identify factors that predict ER use in this population. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were tested separately for …
Six-week postpartum maternal self-criticism and dependency and 4-month mother-infant self- and interactive contingencies
Associations of 6-week postpartum maternal self-criticism and dependency with 4-month mother-infant self- and interactive contingencies during face-to-face play were investigated in 126 dyads. Infant and mother face, gaze, touch, and vocal quality were coded second by second from split-screen videotape. Self- and interactive contingencies were defined as auto- and lagged cross-correlation, respectively, using multilevel time-series models. Statis…
Journey to work considerations in the labour force participation of married women
Andrews H. F. (1978) Journey to work considerations in the labour force participation of married women, Reg. Studies. 12, 11–20. Both working and non-working married female respondents were asked questions to gauge sensitivities to remaining in, withdrawing from or entering the labour force as a result of increasing journey to work times and costs. Similar indications of labour supply elasticity are found for both full-time and part-time workers,…
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Aids and TB in the New York Metropolitan Region from a Sociogeographic Perspective
Empirical and theoretical analyses based on observed patterns of incidence of AIDS and tuberculosis, on rates of poverty, and on statistics describing a 'Markov infection' driven by the 'commuting field' around Manhattan, strongly suggest that urban and suburban epicenters within a twenty-four-county metropolitan region, covering eighteen million people and more than 7600 square miles, may be significantly and increasingly linked to outlying affl…
The Durkheimians and Human Geography
Previous discussions of the interactions between the French school of human geography and the French school of sociology before the First World War either ignore or gloss over a variety of contextural problems. These problems concern the definition of the members of the groups referred to as Durkheimians and Vidalians, as well as the interpretation of the published record indicating the nature of the differences between these two groups. This pap…
Disparities in self-rated health across generations and through the life course
Six‐week postpartum maternal depressive symptoms and 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Associations of 6‐week maternal depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D)] with 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency patterns during face‐to‐face play were investigated in 132 dyads. Self‐ and interactive contingency (auto‐ and lagged cross‐correlation, respectively) were assessed by multilevel time‐series analysis. Infant and mother gaze, facial and vocal affect, touch, and spatial orient…
Aids, Tuberculosis, Violent Crime, and Low Birthweight in Eight US Metropolitan Areas
In previous papers of this series we have shown how public policies of 'planned shrinkage' triggered contagious urban decay and massive destruction of low-income housing within poor minority communities of New York City. The resulting social disintegration exacerbated epidemics of infectious disease, including AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and TB (tuberculosis), and such behavioral pathologies as substance abuse and violence. We exten…
Deindustrialization, Inner-City Decay, and the Hierarchical Diffusion of Aids in the USA
AIDS is well known to have diffused hierarchically among US metropolitan regions, from the larger to the smaller, along national travel routes. Here we relate that diffusion to economic and social policy, by using approaches from population and community ecology and quantitative geography. We find that patterns of deindustrialization driven by cold war policies have interacted synergistically with the 'planned shrinkage' hollowing-out of poor min…
The Early Life of Paul Vidal de la Blache and the Makings of Modern Geography
This paper summarizes our current state of knowledge of the biography of Paul Vidal de la Blache until the early 1870s, correcting minor errors of fact in existing secondary accounts and adding a considerable amount of new information from archival sources. A key question in the life of Vidal concerns his transformation from Classical studies to geography. It is argued that an important element in this reorientation concerns the wider moves to re…
Maternal anxiety symptoms and mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Associations of maternal self‐report anxiety‐related symptoms with mother–infant 4‐month face‐to‐face play were investigated in 119 pairs. Attention, affect, spatial orientation, and touch were coded from split‐screen videotape on a 1‐s time base. Self‐ and interactive contingency were assessed by time‐series methods. Because anxiety symptoms signal emotional dysregulation, we expected to find atypical patterns of mother–infant interactive contin…
The Ecology of Risk and the Geography of Intervention
A review of research and practice underlying preventive intervention to enhance children's health and welfare identifies a progressive evolution of the traditional medical model toward an expanded socioecological perspective. This expanded perspective implies that consideration should be given to a broader set of factors affecting children's health and welfare—factors that operate at spatial scales removed from children's immediately experienced …
Using census and mortality data to target small areas for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop and validate quantitative models for estimating cancer incidence in small areas. METHODS. The outcome for each cancer site was the incidence of disease that had reached a late stage at the time of diagnosis. Two sets of predictors were used: (1) census-based demographic variables and (2) census-based demographic variables together with the cancer-specific mortality rate. RESULTS. The best models a…
Opinions on mental illness in Israel
Biological, social, and community influences on third‐grade reading levels of minority Head Start children
The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of individual and community level risks on school outcomes of children who attend Head Start. We studied a sample of 3,693 African American and Hispanic children who had been born in New York City, participated in Head Start, and attended New York City public schools. The outcome was the score obtained on a citywide third‐grade reading test. Individual level risk factors were derived from birth…
The late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study described factors related to colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were used on data from the New York State Tumor Registry and US Census area-level social class indicators. RESULTS: After the effects of other predictors were controlled for, the odds of late-stage cancer increased as age decreased; women and African Americans were significantly more likely to have late stage than men an…
A French View of Geography Teaching in Britain in 1871
As part of its work to reform geography teaching in the French state school system, the Commission de l'Enseignement de la Geographie (1871-75) collected reports on the nature and status of geography teaching in the schools of several other, mainly European, countries. The information provided by the French Consulate in London is reproduced and discussed as a commentary on the state of geography teaching in Britain at that time. From the informat…
Family nurture intervention for preterm infants facilitates positive mother–infant face-to-face engagement at 4 months
Although preterm infants are at risk for social deficits, interventions to improve mother-infant interaction in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are not part of standard care (SC). Study participants were a subset from a randomized controlled trial of a new intervention for premature infants, the Family Nurture Intervention (FNI), designed to help mothers and infants establish an emotional connection. At infants' 4 months corrected age, mo…
Urban structure correlates of tertiary activity
Andrews H. F. (1973) Urban structure correlates of tertiary activity, Reg. Studies 7, 263–270. This paper examines aggregate relationships between characteristics of urban structure and characteristics of trading and retail structure in the larger urban areas of England and Wales. Canonical correlation methods are used to relate four orthogonal dimensions of urban population structure to variables of turnover and numbers of establishments in each…
Developing a science of clinical utility in diagnostic classification systems
The World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse has developed a systematic program of field studies to evaluate and improve the clinical utility of the proposed diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders in the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). The clinical utility of a diagnostic classification is critical to its function as t…
Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Urban Residential Environment Characteristics as Determinants of Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
Objectives. We evaluated whether neighborhood characteristics correlated with early neurodevelopment and whether these characteristics confounded the previously reported association between exposure to chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide) and neurodevelopment. Methods. We obtained prenatal addresses, chlorpyrifos exposure data, and 36-month Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) scores for a birth cohort i…
Implementing the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial for the recovery-oriented intervention to people with psychoses in two Latin American cities
Several Latin American countries have made remarkable strides towards offering community mental health care for people with psychoses. Nonetheless, mental health clinics generally have a very limited outreach in the community, tending to have weaker links to primary health care; rarely engaging patients in providing care; and usually not providing recovery-oriented services. This paper describes a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Critic…
The Effects of Neighbourhood Social Mix on Adolescents' Social Networks and Recreational Activities
This paper examines the extent to which the social networks and recreational activities of 212 teenagers living in low income public housing are associated with the social mix characteristics of the neighbourhoods in which the housing projects are located. Alternative models of housing-design, respondents' sex and minority-status are also investigated to account for variations in adolescents' social networks and out-of-school activities. The resu…
A Cluster Analysis of British Towns
Urban structure correlates of tertiary activity
Andrews H. F. (1973) Urban structure correlates of tertiary activity, Reg. Studies 7, 263–270. This paper examines aggregate relationships between characteristics of urban structure and characteristics of trading and retail structure in the larger urban areas of England and Wales. Canonical correlation methods are used to relate four orthogonal dimensions of urban population structure to variables of turnover and numbers of establishments in each…
Book Notes
The Spatial Context of the Small-World Problem
Simulating the small-world problem from the conventional viewpoint of a stochastic process operating over a deterministic space is questioned. For a variety of microsocial phenomena, it is suggested that a more appropriate strategy may be to conceive the process in terms of percolation models rather than generalized diffusion models. The distinctions between the two are described and some salient characteristics of percolation processes are brief…
Journey to work considerations in the labour force participation of married women
Andrews H. F. (1978) Journey to work considerations in the labour force participation of married women, Reg. Studies. 12, 11–20. Both working and non-working married female respondents were asked questions to gauge sensitivities to remaining in, withdrawing from or entering the labour force as a result of increasing journey to work times and costs. Similar indications of labour supply elasticity are found for both full-time and part-time workers,…
Spatial variations in morbidity and their relationship with community characteristics in Central Harlem health district
Book Notes
Book Notes
Book Notes
L‘ŒUvre De Paul Vidal De La Blache
Note de rédacteurs : À l'occasion du vingt‐cinquième Congrès International de Géographie à Paris en 1984, plus d'un demi‐siecle depuis que l'ugi se soit rassemblée dans cette ville ‐ le siège de Vidal de la Blache pendant quarante ans de sa vie professionelle ‐ il a paru tout convenable aux rédacteurs du Géographe canadien de faire hommage, quoique modeste, à cet homme illustre, un des plus célèbres géographes de l'histoire de notrc discipline. P…
Bibliographie De Paul Vidal De La Blache
The Durkheimians and Human Geography
Previous discussions of the interactions between the French school of human geography and the French school of sociology before the First World War either ignore or gloss over a variety of contextural problems. These problems concern the definition of the members of the groups referred to as Durkheimians and Vidalians, as well as the interpretation of the published record indicating the nature of the differences between these two groups. This pap…
Opinions on mental illness in Israel
The Ecology of Risk and the Geography of Intervention
A review of research and practice underlying preventive intervention to enhance children's health and welfare identifies a progressive evolution of the traditional medical model toward an expanded socioecological perspective. This expanded perspective implies that consideration should be given to a broader set of factors affecting children's health and welfare—factors that operate at spatial scales removed from children's immediately experienced …
The Effects of Neighbourhood Social Mix on Adolescents' Social Networks and Recreational Activities
This paper examines the extent to which the social networks and recreational activities of 212 teenagers living in low income public housing are associated with the social mix characteristics of the neighbourhoods in which the housing projects are located. Alternative models of housing-design, respondents' sex and minority-status are also investigated to account for variations in adolescents' social networks and out-of-school activities. The resu…
The Early Life of Paul Vidal de la Blache and the Makings of Modern Geography
This paper summarizes our current state of knowledge of the biography of Paul Vidal de la Blache until the early 1870s, correcting minor errors of fact in existing secondary accounts and adding a considerable amount of new information from archival sources. A key question in the life of Vidal concerns his transformation from Classical studies to geography. It is argued that an important element in this reorientation concerns the wider moves to re…
A French View of Geography Teaching in Britain in 1871
As part of its work to reform geography teaching in the French state school system, the Commission de l'Enseignement de la Geographie (1871-75) collected reports on the nature and status of geography teaching in the schools of several other, mainly European, countries. The information provided by the French Consulate in London is reproduced and discussed as a commentary on the state of geography teaching in Britain at that time. From the informat…
Paul Vidal De La Blache and the Concours d'Agregation of 1866
Agrégation played a key role in the operation of the Université de France of the nineteenth century but is poorly understood in the English‐speaking world. Characteristics of the French Université are outlined, and the agrégation competition of 1866 in which Vidal de la Blache participated is described in detail, as further illustration of the early training and intellectual orientation of the future founder of the French school of human geograph…
University Research Centres in the Social Sciences and Humanities
Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer
Previous studies of the relationship between cancer stage, age, and race have not controlled for social class and health care setting. Logistic regression analyses, using information from the New York State Tumor Registry and area-level social class indicators, demonstrated that, in New York City, older Black, lower class women in public hospitals were 3.75 and 2.54 times more likely to have late stage breast or cervical cancer, respectively, tha…
Using census and mortality data to target small areas for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop and validate quantitative models for estimating cancer incidence in small areas. METHODS. The outcome for each cancer site was the incidence of disease that had reached a late stage at the time of diagnosis. Two sets of predictors were used: (1) census-based demographic variables and (2) census-based demographic variables together with the cancer-specific mortality rate. RESULTS. The best models a…
Predictors of emergency room use by homeless adults in New York City
Employing data from a 1987 shelter survey of 1260 homeless adults in New York City, multivariate models of emergency room (ER) use are developed which include an array of risk factors for visiting a hospital ER including health and mental health problems, victimization and injuries. The study's primary goal is to identify factors that predict ER use in this population. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were tested separately for …
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Aids and TB in the New York Metropolitan Region from a Sociogeographic Perspective
Empirical and theoretical analyses based on observed patterns of incidence of AIDS and tuberculosis, on rates of poverty, and on statistics describing a 'Markov infection' driven by the 'commuting field' around Manhattan, strongly suggest that urban and suburban epicenters within a twenty-four-county metropolitan region, covering eighteen million people and more than 7600 square miles, may be significantly and increasingly linked to outlying affl…
The late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer
OBJECTIVES: This study described factors related to colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were used on data from the New York State Tumor Registry and US Census area-level social class indicators. RESULTS: After the effects of other predictors were controlled for, the odds of late-stage cancer increased as age decreased; women and African Americans were significantly more likely to have late stage than men an…
Aids, Tuberculosis, Violent Crime, and Low Birthweight in Eight US Metropolitan Areas
In previous papers of this series we have shown how public policies of 'planned shrinkage' triggered contagious urban decay and massive destruction of low-income housing within poor minority communities of New York City. The resulting social disintegration exacerbated epidemics of infectious disease, including AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and TB (tuberculosis), and such behavioral pathologies as substance abuse and violence. We exten…
Medicine (23 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Environmental health (14 obras) · Population (13 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Gerontology (11 obras) · Psychiatry (11 obras) · Computer Science (9 obras)