David Hemenway
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 175412 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David Hemenway |
| NOMBRES | David |
| APELLIDO | Hemenway |
| FIRMA | HEMENWAY D |
| AFILIACIONES | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8125-1690 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 259 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Cross-State Relationship of Firearm Violence Between Police and Civilians
The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide Rates in Suburban and Rural Areas Compared to Large Cities in the United States, 1991‐2016
PURPOSE: This article aims to examine whether state firearm laws impact homicide rates differently in suburban and rural areas compared to large cities in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed serial, cross-sectional data for the 26-year period 1991-2016 using a panel design. We examined the relationship between 6 specific state firearm laws and homicide rates in large cities (those with greater than 100,000 people in 1990) and in all geographi…
A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police
Counterpoint
The Effect of Large-Capacity Magazine Bans on High-Fatality Mass Shootings, 1990–2017
Objectives. To evaluate the effect of large-capacity magazine (LCM) bans on the frequency and lethality of high-fatality mass shootings in the United States. Methods. We analyzed state panel data of high-fatality mass shootings from 1990 to 2017. We first assessed the relationship between LCM bans overall, and then federal and state bans separately, on (1) the occurrence of high-fatality mass shootings (logit regression) and (2) the deaths result…
Variation in Rates of Fatal Police Shootings across US States
State Firearm Laws and Interstate Transfer of Guns in the USA, 2006–2016
Differences Between New and Long-Standing US Gun Owners
Objectives. To quantify the proportion of current US gun owners who are new to owning firearms and compare new versus long-standing gun owners with respect to their firearms and firearm-related behaviors. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative probability-based online survey conducted in 2015 in the United States. We defined new gun owners as current firearm owners who acquired all of their firearms within…
The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms
Deborah Azrael, Lisa Hepburn, David Hemenway, Matthew Miller, The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms: Results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, The Underground Gun Market: Implications for Regulation and Enforcement (October 2017), pp. 38-57
Local Residential Segregation Matters
Reducing Firearm Violence
The United States has an enormous public health and safety problem from guns. The number of American civilian gun deaths in the twenty-first century through 2015 is greater than the sum of all US combat deaths in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Given our love affair with guns, the overriding policy goal has to be to reduce the toll of deaths and injuries without substantially reducing the number of civilians with firearms. There are har…
Commentary
Violent Death Rates
Urban–rural and geographic differences in overweight and obesity in four sub-Saharan African adult populations
The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in these sub-Saharan African countries and the differentials in prevalence and risk factors further highlights the need for urgent focused intervention to stem this trend, especially among women, professionals and urban dwellers
Sweetened beverage consumption is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among adolescents living in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Objective To investigate the relationship between sweetened beverage consumption and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Design In a cross-sectional study, adolescents were asked how often they drank soda and fruit drinks in the past 7 d. Depressive symptoms were measured using a brief adapted version of the Modified Depression Scale. Summation scores were standardized using the Z -transformation. We used multilevel multiple linear regression …
Homicides by Police
Objective. To evaluate the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) as a surveillance system for homicides by law enforcement officers. Methods. We assessed sensitivity and positive predictive value of the NVDRS “type of death” variable against our study count of homicides by police, which we derived from NVDRS coded and narrative data for states participating in NVDRS 2005 to 2012. We compared state counts of police homicides from NVDRS, …
Basic Research and Knowledge Production Modes
A robust body of literature analyzes the shift of academic science toward more business-oriented models. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study investigating basic scientists' attitudes toward publicly funded basic research at the Harvard Medical School and affiliated institutions. The study finds that scientists at the Harvard Medical School construe publicly funded basic research as inquiries that, whether use oriented or not, m…
Feasibility of a large cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa assessed through a four-country study
BACKGROUND: Large prospective epidemiologic studies are vital in determining disease etiology and forming national health policy. Yet, such studies do not exist in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) notwithstanding the growing burden of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: We explored the feasibility of establishing a large-scale multicountry prospective study at five sites in four sub-Saharan countries. DESIGN: Based on country-specific considerations of feasibil…
Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
Objectives. In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates. Methods. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state …
Symptoms Associated with Pregnancy Complications Along the Thai-Burma Border
A Classroom Game on Sequential Enforcement
To achieve compliance with a regulation, the manner of enforcement may matter as much as the level of enforcement. Classroom games can encourage students to think creatively about alternative tactics. This article examines a situation with “safety in numbers” for potential violators, when monitoring is easy but only a few violators can be penalized. A simple interactive exercise can be used to compare random enforcement, in which individuals are …
A Community-Based Systems Learning Approach to Understanding Youth Violence in Boston
The project's community-based approach coupled with its system dynamics methodology produced a new understanding of youth violence in Boston. This understanding undergirds the model's logic, making it more useful to community residents and more accurate in describing the behavior of youth in high-violence neighborhoods
Greater than the Sum of their Parts
Academic Centers for Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention (ACE), which support a broad range of activities over and above RO1‐type research projects, can add significantly to a community's capacity to respond to youth violence. We use the example of the Harvard Youth Violence Prevention Center to describe the types of research‐practice collaborations these centers can promote, as well as the ways in which these collaborations can foster adopti…
The Unintentional Injurer
Objectives. We sought to provide additional information about the characteristics of adolescents who were most likely to cause unintentional injury to other people. Methods. In 2008, as part of a randomized survey of high-school students in the Boston Public School system, more than 1800 respondents answered questions about unintentionally causing an injury to someone else in the past year. Results. More than 20% of boys and 13% of girls reported…
Gun Shows and Gun Violence
A widely publicized but unpublished study of the relationship between gun shows and gun violence is being cited in debates about the regulation of gun shows and gun commerce. We believe the study is fatally flawed. A working paper entitled “The Effect of Gun Shows on Gun-Related Deaths: Evidence from California and Texas” outlined this study, which found no association between gun shows and gun-related deaths. We believe the study reflects a limi…
Local Residential Segregation Matters
Homicides by Police
Objective. To evaluate the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) as a surveillance system for homicides by law enforcement officers. Methods. We assessed sensitivity and positive predictive value of the NVDRS “type of death” variable against our study count of homicides by police, which we derived from NVDRS coded and narrative data for states participating in NVDRS 2005 to 2012. We compared state counts of police homicides from NVDRS, …
Variation in Rates of Fatal Police Shootings across US States
Rates of Household Firearm Ownership and Homicide Across US Regions and States, 1988–1997
Objectives. In this study we explored the association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across the United States, by age groups. Methods. We used cross-sectional time-series data (1988–1997) to estimate the association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide. Results. In region- and state-level analyses, a robust association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide was found. Regionally, …
The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms
Deborah Azrael, Lisa Hepburn, David Hemenway, Matthew Miller, The Stock and Flow of U.S. Firearms: Results from the 2015 National Firearms Survey, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 5, The Underground Gun Market: Implications for Regulation and Enforcement (October 2017), pp. 38-57
State-level homicide victimization rates in the US in relation to survey measures of household firearm ownership, 2001-2003
Differences Between New and Long-Standing US Gun Owners
Objectives. To quantify the proportion of current US gun owners who are new to owning firearms and compare new versus long-standing gun owners with respect to their firearms and firearm-related behaviors. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative probability-based online survey conducted in 2015 in the United States. We defined new gun owners as current firearm owners who acquired all of their firearms within…
Fractures and lifestyle
Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low relative weight are often cited as risk factors for osteoporosis. In a prospective cohort study of 96,508 middle-aged nurses 35 to 59 years of age we found that smoking was not a risk factor for hip and forearm fracture. Women who drank more than 15 grams of alcohol per day and whose relative weight was less than 21 kg/m2 were at increased risk of fractures, but these risk factors were not independen…
Premigration Exposure to Political Violence and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Immigrant Men in Boston
Objectives. We examined associations between premigration political violence exposure and past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among immigrant men attending community health centers in Boston. Methods. A convenience sample of immigrant men (N = 379; aged 18–35 years), largely from the Caribbean and Cape Verde, who attend community health centers, completed an anonymous, cross-sectional survey on risk and protective factors for m…
Smoking and suicide among nurses
Current evidence suggests a strong positive correlation between cigarette consumption and depression; this study examined the relationship between cigarettes and suicide. Over 100,000 predominantly White, middle-aged, female registered nurses were followed via biannual questionnaires from 1976 through 1988. Respondents smoking 1 through 24 cigarettes per day had twice the risk and those smoking 25 or more cigarettes four times the risk of committ…
A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police
Precursors of lethal violence
Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970-1990
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) and suicides among youths aged 18 to 20 years. METHODS: The study used pooled cross-sectional time-series data on youth suicide and the MLDA for the 48 contiguous states in the United States from 1970 to 1990. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between MLDA and youth suicide. RESULTS: A significant association exists between MLDA and…
The Effect of Large-Capacity Magazine Bans on High-Fatality Mass Shootings, 1990–2017
Objectives. To evaluate the effect of large-capacity magazine (LCM) bans on the frequency and lethality of high-fatality mass shootings in the United States. Methods. We analyzed state panel data of high-fatality mass shootings from 1990 to 2017. We first assessed the relationship between LCM bans overall, and then federal and state bans separately, on (1) the occurrence of high-fatality mass shootings (logit regression) and (2) the deaths result…
Trends
Journal Article THE POLLS—TRENDS: GUNS Get access JOHN T. YOUNG, JOHN T. YOUNG JOHN T. YOUNG is assistant director of the Harvard Program on Public Opinion and Health/Social Policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a doctoral candidate in political science at Columbia University, DAVID HEMENWAY is professor at the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, and deputy director of the Harvard Injury Contr…
State Firearm Laws and Interstate Transfer of Guns in the USA, 2006–2016
A Community-Based Systems Learning Approach to Understanding Youth Violence in Boston
The project's community-based approach coupled with its system dynamics methodology produced a new understanding of youth violence in Boston. This understanding undergirds the model's logic, making it more useful to community residents and more accurate in describing the behavior of youth in high-violence neighborhoods
In the safety of your own home
Basic Research and Knowledge Production Modes
A robust body of literature analyzes the shift of academic science toward more business-oriented models. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study investigating basic scientists' attitudes toward publicly funded basic research at the Harvard Medical School and affiliated institutions. The study finds that scientists at the Harvard Medical School construe publicly funded basic research as inquiries that, whether use oriented or not, m…
Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
Objectives. In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates. Methods. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state …
Medical malpractice as an epidemiological problem
Risk factors for hip fracture in US men aged 40 through 75 years
Relatively few studies have examined risk factors for hip fracture among men. This study analyzes data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective study of approximately 50,000 men who were between the ages of 40 and 75 years in 1986. Body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were not associated with hip fracture in this population. However, age and height were related to hip fracture. Men who were 65 and older had…
The Smoldering Issue of Fire Fatalities
8. Danziger, Sheldon, Gottschalk, Peter, and Smolensky, Eugene, Effect of Unemployment and Policy Changes on America's Poor, Institute for Research on Poverty, Discussion Paper #770-84, 1984. Table 6 shows a 0.7 point increase in poverty resulting from a rise in unemployment from 7.1 percent in 1980 to 9.6 percent in 1983. Shifts in the mean and variance of transfers, after controlling for secular trend and cyclical changes, increase poverty by 0…
Greater than the Sum of their Parts
Academic Centers for Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention (ACE), which support a broad range of activities over and above RO1‐type research projects, can add significantly to a community's capacity to respond to youth violence. We use the example of the Harvard Youth Violence Prevention Center to describe the types of research‐practice collaborations these centers can promote, as well as the ways in which these collaborations can foster adopti…
What is the dentist's occupational risk of becoming infected with hepatitis B or the human immunodeficiency virus
Surveys have shown that dentists are reluctant to treat persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, dentists are much more willing to treat patients with infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study shows that the annual cumulative risk of infection from routine treatment of patients whose seropositivity is undisclosed is 57 times greater from HBV than from HIV, and that the risk of dying from HBV infection is 1.7 tim…
The Smoldering Issue of Fire Fatalities
8. Danziger, Sheldon, Gottschalk, Peter, and Smolensky, Eugene, Effect of Unemployment and Policy Changes on America's Poor, Institute for Research on Poverty, Discussion Paper #770-84, 1984. Table 6 shows a 0.7 point increase in poverty resulting from a rise in unemployment from 7.1 percent in 1980 to 9.6 percent in 1983. Shifts in the mean and variance of transfers, after controlling for secular trend and cyclical changes, increase poverty by 0…
Seek Simplicity and Distrust It
Testing for Physician-induced Demand With Hypothetical Cases
It has been hypothesized that there is more demand creation by doctors in high physician density areas. Empirical tests of actual utilization have had difficulties accounting for potential confounders, particularly possible differences in the health status of diverse populations. To eliminate that problem, physicians were presented with identical, hypothetical medical cases. Actual physician density was significantly and positively correlated wit…
Comparative Costs Versus Symptomatic and Employment Benefits of Medical and Surgical Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris
For patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for stable angina pectoris at the authors' hospital, initial treatment charges including the cardiac catheterization were approximately $28,000 for coronary surgery and $6,000 for medical therapy. Even after controlling for disease severity and after including medical patients who crossed over to surgery, the slightly increased 3-year follow-up costs of medical therapy offset only approximately 1…
Monitoring and Compliance
Benefits of Experience
The authors examined the issue of learning by doing in terms of both the cost and outcome of treating coronary artery disease at one hospital between 1977 and 1981. Over time, the quality of outcome improved for both medical and surgical patients. During this time of cost-plus reimbursement, there was less conclusive evidence of concurrent technical efficiency gains. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the benefits of experienc…
Private Insurance as an Alternative to Protective Regulation. The Market for Residential Fire Insurance
Fractures and lifestyle
Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low relative weight are often cited as risk factors for osteoporosis. In a prospective cohort study of 96,508 middle-aged nurses 35 to 59 years of age we found that smoking was not a risk factor for hip and forearm fracture. Women who drank more than 15 grams of alcohol per day and whose relative weight was less than 21 kg/m2 were at increased risk of fractures, but these risk factors were not independen…
A Failing Grade for Auto Inspections
Effective safety and health regulations require reliable inspections. Yet inspectors are not infallible. Moreover, the environment in which they operate may systematically undercut their incentives and ultimate performance. Periodic motor vehicle inspection is an example of an inspection system practically designes to fail, as Massachusetts data confirm
Phasers on Stun
Less lethal weapons could help reduce firearm deaths to children, other unintentional gun deaths, homicides and suicides. Language: en
You Better Shop Around
The effectiveness of regulations is reduced by inspector capture. An environment conducive to capture is one in which inspectors must compete for business. This type of competition is found in various regulatory contexts; it is a fundamental characteristic of a decentralized motor vehicle inspection network.Motor vehicle inspection stations in most localities are numerous, geographically dispersed, private, and hence largely outside the effective…
What is the dentist's occupational risk of becoming infected with hepatitis B or the human immunodeficiency virus
Surveys have shown that dentists are reluctant to treat persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, dentists are much more willing to treat patients with infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study shows that the annual cumulative risk of infection from routine treatment of patients whose seropositivity is undisclosed is 57 times greater from HBV than from HIV, and that the risk of dying from HBV infection is 1.7 tim…
Habits and attitudes of public health students
Habits and attitudes of public health students. D Hemenway, S J Solnick, D S Weil, and C M KoeckCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.3.464 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Nervous Nellies and Dangerous Dans
Two well-known and related reasons for safety regulations are the existence of externalities and moral hazard. An externality can occur if a person's failure to take safety precautions reduces the health or safety of others. Moral hazard can occur if insurance insulates an individual from the true cost of accidents. If moral hazard and/or externalities are present, the individual may not sufficiently take the costs of carelessness into account, a…
Smoking and suicide among nurses
Current evidence suggests a strong positive correlation between cigarette consumption and depression; this study examined the relationship between cigarettes and suicide. Over 100,000 predominantly White, middle-aged, female registered nurses were followed via biannual questionnaires from 1976 through 1988. Respondents smoking 1 through 24 cigarettes per day had twice the risk and those smoking 25 or more cigarettes four times the risk of committ…
Risk factors for hip fracture in US men aged 40 through 75 years
Relatively few studies have examined risk factors for hip fracture among men. This study analyzes data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective study of approximately 50,000 men who were between the ages of 40 and 75 years in 1986. Body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were not associated with hip fracture in this population. However, age and height were related to hip fracture. Men who were 65 and older had…
Financial Incentives for Childhood Immunization
For at least half a century, economists have believed that governments should use financial incentives to correct many social problems [Baumol and Mills, 1984]. Yet when one plunges into the previous work on incentives, one is struck by the abundance of exhortation urging greater use of incentive plans, and by the dearth of useful propositions about how such schemes have worked in practice . [Church and Heumann, 1989]. This article briefly descri…
Trends
Journal Article THE POLLS—TRENDS: GUNS Get access JOHN T. YOUNG, JOHN T. YOUNG JOHN T. YOUNG is assistant director of the Harvard Program on Public Opinion and Health/Social Policy at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a doctoral candidate in political science at Columbia University, DAVID HEMENWAY is professor at the Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, and deputy director of the Harvard Injury Contr…
The gun debate's new mythical number
Characteristics of automatic or semiautomatic firearm ownership in the United States
OBJECTIVES: This study examined ownership patterns of automatic/ semiautomatic firearms in the United States. METHODS: Data were derived from a national random-digit-dialing telephone survey of 800 gun owners. RESULTS: Sixty percent of gun owners reported owning an automatic or semiautomatic firearm. In comparison with other gun owners, owners of automatics or semiautomatics were more likely to be male, live in the South, own a gun for protection…
Is more always better?
Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970-1990
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) and suicides among youths aged 18 to 20 years. METHODS: The study used pooled cross-sectional time-series data on youth suicide and the MLDA for the 48 contiguous states in the United States from 1970 to 1990. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between MLDA and youth suicide. RESULTS: A significant association exists between MLDA and…
Precursors of lethal violence
In the safety of your own home
Rates of Household Firearm Ownership and Homicide Across US Regions and States, 1988–1997
Objectives. In this study we explored the association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide across the United States, by age groups. Methods. We used cross-sectional time-series data (1988–1997) to estimate the association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide. Results. In region- and state-level analyses, a robust association between rates of household firearm ownership and homicide was found. Regionally, …
Medicine (41 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Gun Ownership and Violence Research (26 obras) · Environmental health (24 obras) · Poison control (23 obras) · Psychology (23 obras) · Injury prevention (20 obras) · Business (19 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Demography (18 obras)