Carol V Ward
Biographic Data
| ID | 1757511 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol V Ward |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol V |
| FAMILY NAME | Ward |
| SIGNATURE | WARD C V |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6255-9668 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 54 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 986 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
The Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Lomekwi faunas, West Turkana, Kenya: Systematics, Paleoecology, and Biochronology
Acetabular orientation, pelvic shape, and the evolution of hominin bipedality
Hominin pelvic form differs dramatically from that of other primates by having more laterally facing iliac blades, a wider sacrum, and a larger, transversely broad pelvic inlet. The orientation of the acetabulum may also differ, plausibly related to differences in load transmission during upright posture and habitual bipedal locomotion, which may, in turn, affect overall pelvic geometry. We compared acetabular orientation in humans, a phylogeneti…
A 4.3-million-year-old Australopithecus anamensis mandible from Ileret, East Turkana, Kenya, and its paleoenvironmental context
Additional isolated hominin canine tooth from Kanapoi, Kenya
An ape partial postcranial skeleton (KNM-NP 64631) from the Middle Miocene of Napudet, northern Kenya
Pliocene hominins from East Turkana were associated with mesic environments in a semiarid basin
Taxonomic attribution of the KNM-ER 1500 partial skeleton from the Burgi Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, Kenya
Evolutionary trends of the lateral foot in catarrhine primates: Contextualizing the fourth metatarsal of Australopithecus afarensis
Hominin Postcranial Remains from Sterkfontein, South Africa, 1936-1995
Associated Australopithecus afarensis second and third metatarsals (A.L. 333-133) from Hadar, Ethiopia
Introduction to special issue Kanapoi: Paleobiology of a Pliocene site in Kenya
The ecology of Australopithecus anamensis in the early Pliocene of Kanapoi, Kenya
Dental microwear and Pliocene paleocommunity ecology of bovids, primates, rodents, and suids at Kanapoi
New fossils of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2012-2015)
Cercopithecid fossils from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2007-2015)
A diminutive Pliocene guenon from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya
A late Miocene hominid partial pelvis from Hungary
Comparative morphology and ontogeny of the thoracolumbar transition in great apes, humans, and fossil hominins
Three‐dimensional anatomy of the anthropoid bony pelvis
OBJECTIVES: Pelvic form is hypothesized to reflect locomotor adaptation in anthropoids. Most observed variation is found in the ilium, which traditionally is thought to reflect thoracic and shoulder morphology. This article examines the articulated bony pelvis of anthropoids in three dimensions (3D) to test hypothesized variation in pelvic anatomy related to overall torso form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty landmarks were collected on articulated …
A validated method for modeling anthropoid hip abduction in silico
OBJECTIVES: The ability to reconstruct hip joint mobility from femora and pelves could provide insight into the locomotion and paleobiology of fossil primates. This study presents a method for modeling hip abduction in anthropoids validated with in vivo data. METHODS: Hip abduction simulations were performed on a large sample of anthropoids. The modeling approach integrates three-dimensional (3D) polygonal models created from laser surface scans …
Postcranial and Locomotor Adaptations of Hominoids
Australopithecines
Associated ilium and femur from Koobi Fora, Kenya, and postcranial diversity in early Homo
A 750,000 year old hominin molar from the site of Nadung'a, West Turkana, Kenya
Postcranial and Locomotor Adaptations of Hominoids
Morphology of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya
Was Australopithecus anamensis ancestral to A. afarensis? A case of anagenesis in the hominin fossil record
Interpreting the posture and locomotion ofAustralopithecus afarensis: Where do we stand
Reconstructing the transition to bipedality is key to understanding early hominin evolution. Because it is the best-known early hominin species, Australopithecus afarensis forms a baseline for interpreting locomotion in all early hominins. While most researchers agree that A. afarensis individuals were habitual bipeds, they disagree over the importance of arboreality for them. There are two main reasons for the disagreement. First, there are dive…
Torso morphology and locomotion in Proconsul nyanzae
A new partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya (KNM‐MW 13142) includes five lumbar vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and nearly complete hipbone. Until recently, little was known of the axial and pelvic skeletons of Proconsul , or any early Miocene hominoid. Because torso morphology directly reflects locomotor behavior, these elements provide important new information about posture and locomotion of P. nyanzae . Two basic patt…
New postcranial fossils of Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar, Ethiopia (1990-2007)
Partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya
A partial skeleton attributed to Proconsul nyanzae (KNM‐MW 13142) is described. The fossils were found at a site on Mfangano Island, Kenya, which dates to 17.9 ± .1 million years ago. KNM‐MW 13142 consists of six partial vertebrae (T12‐S1), a nearly complete hipbone, most of the right femur and left femoral shaft, a fragmentary tibia and fibula, and a nearly complete talus and calcaneus. This skeleton provides the first pelvic fossil known for an…
Associated cranial and forelimb remains attributed to Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar, Ethiopia
New fossils of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2003-2008)
New Australopithecus boisei calvaria from East Lake Turkana, Kenya
The calvaria of an adult Australopithecus boisei from Area 104, Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, is described. The specimen, KNM‐ER 23000, comes from sediments dated to about 1.9 Ma. It consists of the frontal, both parietals, both temporals, most of the occipital as well as two small pieces of sphenoid, and a mandibular tooth root. The specimen is presumed to be an adult male, based on its size and the great development of features associated with the …
Associated ilium and femur from Koobi Fora, Kenya, and postcranial diversity in early Homo
Proconsul did not have a tail
South Turkwel: A new Pliocene hominid site in Kenya
Dental microwear and Pliocene paleocommunity ecology of bovids, primates, rodents, and suids at Kanapoi
New fossils of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi, West Turkana, Kenya (2012-2015)
A late Miocene hominid partial pelvis from Hungary
Tail loss in Proconsul heseloni
Functional morphology of Proconsul patellas from Rusinga Island, Kenya, with implications for other Miocene-Pliocene catarrhines
Four new, nearly complete patellas of Proconsul heseloni and two of P. nyanzae have been discovered on Rusinga Island, Kenya. Until recently, little was known of the Proconsul knee joint because of the fragmentary and distorted nature of the available remains. These new patellas provide an opportunity to assess knee joint structure and function in Proconsul . Fossil patellas are also known from Kenyapithecus, Oreopithecus and Pliopithecus, provid…
A validated method for modeling anthropoid hip abduction in silico
OBJECTIVES: The ability to reconstruct hip joint mobility from femora and pelves could provide insight into the locomotion and paleobiology of fossil primates. This study presents a method for modeling hip abduction in anthropoids validated with in vivo data. METHODS: Hip abduction simulations were performed on a large sample of anthropoids. The modeling approach integrates three-dimensional (3D) polygonal models created from laser surface scans …
Taxonomic affinity of the Pliocene hominin fossils from Fejej, Ethiopia
Forelimb segment length proportions in extant hominoids and Australopithecus afarensis
Forelimb proportions have been used to infer locomotor adaptation in Australopithecus afarensis . However, little is known about proportions among individual forelimb segments in extant or fossil hominoids. The partial A. afarensis skeleton A.L. 438‐1 and the more complete skeleton A.L. 288‐1 provide the opportunity to assess relative length of the arm, forearm, wrist, and palm. We compare scaling relationships between pairs of forelimb bones of …
Contours of the hominoid lateral tibial condyle with implications for Australopithecus☆
The ecology of Australopithecus anamensis in the early Pliocene of Kanapoi, Kenya
Precision and accuracy of acetabular size measures in fragmentary hominin pelves obtained using sphere‐fitting techniques
Hip joint diameter is highly correlated with body size in primates and so can potentially provide important information about the biology of fossil hominins. However, quantifying hip joint size has been difficult or impossible for many important but fragmentary specimens. New three‐dimensional technologies can be used to digitally fit spheres to the acetabular lunate surface, potentially allowing hip joint diameter estimates for incomplete joint …
Three‐dimensional anatomy of the anthropoid bony pelvis
OBJECTIVES: Pelvic form is hypothesized to reflect locomotor adaptation in anthropoids. Most observed variation is found in the ilium, which traditionally is thought to reflect thoracic and shoulder morphology. This article examines the articulated bony pelvis of anthropoids in three dimensions (3D) to test hypothesized variation in pelvic anatomy related to overall torso form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty landmarks were collected on articulated …
Brief Communication: Calculating hominin and nonhuman anthropoid femoral head diameter from acetabular size
Femoral head size provides important information on body size in extinct species. Although it is well‐known that femoral head size is correlated with acetabular size, the precision with which femoral head size can be estimated from acetabular size has not been quantified. The availability of accurate 3D surface models of fossil acetabular remains opens the possibility of obtaining accurate estimates of femoral head size from even fragmentary foss…
Proconsul did not have a tail
Torso morphology and locomotion in Proconsul nyanzae
A new partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya (KNM‐MW 13142) includes five lumbar vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and nearly complete hipbone. Until recently, little was known of the axial and pelvic skeletons of Proconsul , or any early Miocene hominoid. Because torso morphology directly reflects locomotor behavior, these elements provide important new information about posture and locomotion of P. nyanzae . Two basic patt…
Partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya
A partial skeleton attributed to Proconsul nyanzae (KNM‐MW 13142) is described. The fossils were found at a site on Mfangano Island, Kenya, which dates to 17.9 ± .1 million years ago. KNM‐MW 13142 consists of six partial vertebrae (T12‐S1), a nearly complete hipbone, most of the right femur and left femoral shaft, a fragmentary tibia and fibula, and a nearly complete talus and calcaneus. This skeleton provides the first pelvic fossil known for an…
New Australopithecus boisei calvaria from East Lake Turkana, Kenya
The calvaria of an adult Australopithecus boisei from Area 104, Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, is described. The specimen, KNM‐ER 23000, comes from sediments dated to about 1.9 Ma. It consists of the frontal, both parietals, both temporals, most of the occipital as well as two small pieces of sphenoid, and a mandibular tooth root. The specimen is presumed to be an adult male, based on its size and the great development of features associated with the …
Functional morphology of Proconsul patellas from Rusinga Island, Kenya, with implications for other Miocene-Pliocene catarrhines
Four new, nearly complete patellas of Proconsul heseloni and two of P. nyanzae have been discovered on Rusinga Island, Kenya. Until recently, little was known of the Proconsul knee joint because of the fragmentary and distorted nature of the available remains. These new patellas provide an opportunity to assess knee joint structure and function in Proconsul . Fossil patellas are also known from Kenyapithecus, Oreopithecus and Pliopithecus, provid…
New specimens and confirmation of an early age for Australopithecus anamensis
The new hominid speciesAustralopithecus anamensis
Australopithecus anamensis1 is the earliest species of this genus to have been found. Fossils attributed to A. anamensis have been recovered from sediments dating to between 3.8 and 4.2 mya at the sites of Kanapoi and Allia Bay in northern Kenya. A. anamensis is still poorly known in comparison with other early hominid species, but the material discovered so far displays primitive features along with more derived characteristics typical of later …
South Turkwel: A new Pliocene hominid site in Kenya
Morphology of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya
Interpreting the posture and locomotion ofAustralopithecus afarensis: Where do we stand
Reconstructing the transition to bipedality is key to understanding early hominin evolution. Because it is the best-known early hominin species, Australopithecus afarensis forms a baseline for interpreting locomotion in all early hominins. While most researchers agree that A. afarensis individuals were habitual bipeds, they disagree over the importance of arboreality for them. There are two main reasons for the disagreement. First, there are dive…
The Evolution of Human Origins
Because humans are the product of our evolutionary past, learning how we evolved is fundamental to all anthropological investigations. We now realize that reconstructing why unique human attributes evolved requires an understanding of our starting point, but this is a relatively recent perspective. One hundred years ago, the question of human origins was identical to that of hominin origins. Accepting Australopithecus into human ancestry, coupled…
Tail loss in Proconsul heseloni
Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms races
Associated cranial and forelimb remains attributed to Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar, Ethiopia
Contours of the hominoid lateral tibial condyle with implications for Australopithecus☆
Was Australopithecus anamensis ancestral to A. afarensis? A case of anagenesis in the hominin fossil record
Postcranial and Locomotor Adaptations of Hominoids
Forelimb segment length proportions in extant hominoids and Australopithecus afarensis
Forelimb proportions have been used to infer locomotor adaptation in Australopithecus afarensis . However, little is known about proportions among individual forelimb segments in extant or fossil hominoids. The partial A. afarensis skeleton A.L. 438‐1 and the more complete skeleton A.L. 288‐1 provide the opportunity to assess relative length of the arm, forearm, wrist, and palm. We compare scaling relationships between pairs of forelimb bones of …
Estimating canine tooth crown height in early Australopithecus
Lumbar vertebral morphology and isthmic spondylolysis in a British medieval population
The British medieval population from Wharram Percy, England, has a greater prevalence of isthmic spondylolysis (11.9% of skeletons, 8.5% at the L5 level) than in modern populations (3%–6%). This may in part be due to differences in activity patterns between groups. However, Ward and Latimer (Spine 30 [2005] 1808–1814) proposed that the likelihood of developing and maintaining spondylolytic defects is also influenced by a lack of sufficient increa…
Complete Fourth Metatarsal and Arches in the Foot of Australopithecus afarensis
A long bone of the foot of an early human indicates that its foot was stiff and arched, as in modern humans.
Trade-Offs in Relative Limb Length among Peruvian Children: Extending the Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis to Limb Proportions
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Both the concept of 'brain-sparing' growth and associations between relative lower limb length, childhood environment and adult disease risk are well established. Furthermore, tibia length is suggested to be particularly plastic under conditions of environmental stress. The mechanisms responsible are uncertain, but three hypotheses may be relevant. The 'thrifty phenotype' assumes that some components of growth are selectiv…
New postcranial fossils of Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar, Ethiopia (1990-2007)
Postural and Locomotor Adaptations of Australopithecus Species
Precision and accuracy of acetabular size measures in fragmentary hominin pelves obtained using sphere‐fitting techniques
Hip joint diameter is highly correlated with body size in primates and so can potentially provide important information about the biology of fossil hominins. However, quantifying hip joint size has been difficult or impossible for many important but fragmentary specimens. New three‐dimensional technologies can be used to digitally fit spheres to the acetabular lunate surface, potentially allowing hip joint diameter estimates for incomplete joint …
Biology (48 works) · Paleontology (42 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (42 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (41 works) · Paleontology (35 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (34 works) · Anatomy (29 works) · Anatomy (28 works) · Evolutionary biology (26 works) · Australopithecus (21 works)