Reginald B Adams
Biographic Data
| ID | 178255 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Reginald B Adams |
| GIVEN NAMES | Reginald B |
| FAMILY NAME | Adams |
| SIGNATURE | ADAMS R B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9497-0109 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 345 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Gender Norms, Dominance Theory, and the Endorsement of Aversive Training Methods With Pet Dogs
Dogs are a significant part of people's lives, serving as companions, family members, and sources of support, which makes understanding factors that influence human interaction with them important. In the current research, we bridge the psychology of gender and the science of human–animal interactions; in doing so, we offer novel conclusions about how gender norms shape our possible intentions and interactions with dogs. Across three studies (nto…
Visual perception of group fatness as a precursor to social identity threat and safety
Across two studies (N = 190), we evaluate how fat people perceive groups of bodies and how this visual processing predicts social identity threat and safety. We examined how fat people ensemble code – rapidly and simultaneously extract visual information from a group – body size from groups of bodies. Stimuli included sets of 3-d modeled bodies varying in body mass index (BMI; Study 1) and real photographs of groups of people with known BMI (Stud…
People Watching: Social Perception and the Ensemble Coding of Bodies
Facing social exclusion: A facial EMG examination of the reaffiliative function of smiling
Social exclusion influences how expressions are perceived and the tendency of the perceiver to mimic them. However, less is known about social exclusion’s effect on one’s own facial expressions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of social exclusion on Duchenne smiling behaviour, defined as activity of both zygomaticus major and the orbicularis oculi muscles. Utilising a within-subject’s design, participants took part in the…
The effect of gender identity and gender threat on self-image
Emotion Residue in Neutral Faces: Implications for Impression Formation
Despite the prevalent use of neutral faces in expression research, the term neutral still remains ill-defined and understudied. A general assumption is that one’s overt attempt to pose a nonexpressive face results in a neutral display, one devoid of any expressive information. Ample research has demonstrated that nonexpressive faces do convey meaning, however, through emotion-resembling appearance. Here, we examined whether prior expressive infor…
Emotional stereotypes on trial: Implicit emotion associations for young and old adults
Individuals use naïve emotion theories, including stereotypical information on the emotional disposition of an interaction partner, to form social impressions. In view of an aging population in Western societies, beliefs on emotion and age become more and more relevant. Across 10 studies, we thus present findings on how individuals associate specific affective states with young and old adults using the emotion implicit association test. The resul…
Reading the lines in the face: The contribution of angularity and roundness to perceptions of facial anger and joy
Through 3 studies, we investigated whether angularity and roundness present in faces contributes to the perception of anger and joyful expressions, respectively. First, in Study 1 we found that angry expressions naturally contain more inward-pointing lines, whereas joyful expressions contain more outward-pointing lines. Then, using image-processing techniques in Studies 2 and 3, we filtered images to contain only inward-pointing or outward-pointi…
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of …
Predictions penetrate perception: Converging insights from brain, behaviour and disorder
Observing Environmental Destruction Stimulates Neural Activation in Networks Associated with Empathic Responses
Differential hemispheric and visual stream contributions to ensemble coding of crowd emotion
Investigating Variation in Replicability: A “Many Labs” Replication Project
Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and …
Commentaries and Rejoinder on
While direct replications such as the “Many Labs” project are extremely valuable in testing the reliability of published findings across laboratories, they reflect the common reliance in psychology on single vignettes or stimuli, which limits the scope of the conclusions that can be reached. New experimental tools and statistical techniques make it easier to routinely sample stimuli, and to appropriately treat them as random factors. We encourage…
Phénoménologie de l'humour: Qui rit en dernier est le plus lent d’esprit
Dans cet article, nous dressons un inventaire des phénomènes qu'une théorie de l'humour devrait expliquer. La première partie fait valoir que l'humour est une propriété qui s'attache à certains événements mentaux, plutôt qu'à certains objets du monde (les blagues, par exemple). Nous signalons l'une des conséquences de ce fait : les blagues, prises isolément, ne sont pas un phénomène universel. Nous suggérons également que, même s'il se peut que c…
More than meets the eye: The role of self-identity in decoding complex emotional states
Folk wisdom asserts that "the eyes are the window to the soul," and empirical science corroborates a prominent role for the eyes in the communication of emotion. Herein we examine variation in the ability to "read" the eyes of others as a function of social group membership, employing a widely used emotional state decoding task: "Reading the Mind in Eyes." This task has documented impaired emotional state decoding across racial groups, with cross…
Taking a “Peak” at Leisure Travelers’ Positive Emotions
There is ample evidence to suggest that positive emotions lead to valuable life outcomes. This study examines daily positive emotion development before, during, and after a leisure travel experience. The study measured positive emotions on a daily basis in 25 mature adult participants before, during, and after two leisure travel experiences. Consistent with the “peak” model in previous research, positive emotions overall—and joy and interest in p…
Smiling and sad wrinkles: Age-related changes in the face and the perception of emotions and intentions
Gender moderates the relationship between emotion and perceived gaze
Recent evidence shows that gender modulates the morphology of facial expressions and might thus alter the meaning of those expressions. Consequently, we hypothesized that gender would moderate the relationship between facial expressions and the perception of direct gaze. In Study 1, participants viewed male and female faces exhibiting joy, anger, fear, and neutral expressions displayed with direct and averted gazes. Perceptions of direct gaze wer…
Looking the other way: The role of gaze direction in the cross-race memory effect
Polling the face: Prediction and consensus across cultures
Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naïve inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Stud…
A dual-process account of female facial attractiveness preferences: Sexual and nonsexual routes
Not so black and white: Memory for ambiguous group members
Exponential increases in multiracial identities, expected over the next century, create a conundrum for perceivers accustomed to classifying people as their own- or other-race. The current research examines how perceivers resolve this dilemma with regard to the own-race bias. The authors hypothesized that perceivers are not motivated to include ambiguous-race individuals in the in-group and therefore have some difficulty remembering these individ…
Knowing Who's Boss: FMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception
Humans use facial cues to convey social dominance and submission. Despite the evolutionary importance of this social ability, how the brain recognizes social dominance from the face is unknown. We used event-related brain potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural mechanisms underlying social dominance perception from facial cues. Participants made gender judgments while viewing aggression-related faci…
Accuracy and awareness in the perception and categorization of male sexual orientation
For clear and unambiguous social categories, person perception occurs quite accurately from minimal cues. This article addresses the perception of an ambiguous social category (male sexual orientation) from minimal cues. Across 5 studies, the authors examined individuals' actual and self-assessed accuracy when judging male sexual orientation from faces and facial features. Although participants were able to make accurate judgments from multiple f…
Investigating Variation in Replicability: A “Many Labs” Replication Project
Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and …
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of …
Polling the face: Prediction and consensus across cultures
Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naïve inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Stud…
Taking a “Peak” at Leisure Travelers’ Positive Emotions
There is ample evidence to suggest that positive emotions lead to valuable life outcomes. This study examines daily positive emotion development before, during, and after a leisure travel experience. The study measured positive emotions on a daily basis in 25 mature adult participants before, during, and after two leisure travel experiences. Consistent with the “peak” model in previous research, positive emotions overall—and joy and interest in p…
Accuracy and awareness in the perception and categorization of male sexual orientation
For clear and unambiguous social categories, person perception occurs quite accurately from minimal cues. This article addresses the perception of an ambiguous social category (male sexual orientation) from minimal cues. Across 5 studies, the authors examined individuals' actual and self-assessed accuracy when judging male sexual orientation from faces and facial features. Although participants were able to make accurate judgments from multiple f…
Not so black and white: Memory for ambiguous group members
Exponential increases in multiracial identities, expected over the next century, create a conundrum for perceivers accustomed to classifying people as their own- or other-race. The current research examines how perceivers resolve this dilemma with regard to the own-race bias. The authors hypothesized that perceivers are not motivated to include ambiguous-race individuals in the in-group and therefore have some difficulty remembering these individ…
Commentaries and Rejoinder on
While direct replications such as the “Many Labs” project are extremely valuable in testing the reliability of published findings across laboratories, they reflect the common reliance in psychology on single vignettes or stimuli, which limits the scope of the conclusions that can be reached. New experimental tools and statistical techniques make it easier to routinely sample stimuli, and to appropriately treat them as random factors. We encourage…
Looking the other way: The role of gaze direction in the cross-race memory effect
The effect of gender identity and gender threat on self-image
A dual-process account of female facial attractiveness preferences: Sexual and nonsexual routes
Knowing Who's Boss: FMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception
Humans use facial cues to convey social dominance and submission. Despite the evolutionary importance of this social ability, how the brain recognizes social dominance from the face is unknown. We used event-related brain potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural mechanisms underlying social dominance perception from facial cues. Participants made gender judgments while viewing aggression-related faci…
Smiling and sad wrinkles: Age-related changes in the face and the perception of emotions and intentions
Visual perception of group fatness as a precursor to social identity threat and safety
Across two studies (N = 190), we evaluate how fat people perceive groups of bodies and how this visual processing predicts social identity threat and safety. We examined how fat people ensemble code – rapidly and simultaneously extract visual information from a group – body size from groups of bodies. Stimuli included sets of 3-d modeled bodies varying in body mass index (BMI; Study 1) and real photographs of groups of people with known BMI (Stud…
Phénoménologie de l'humour: Qui rit en dernier est le plus lent d’esprit
Dans cet article, nous dressons un inventaire des phénomènes qu'une théorie de l'humour devrait expliquer. La première partie fait valoir que l'humour est une propriété qui s'attache à certains événements mentaux, plutôt qu'à certains objets du monde (les blagues, par exemple). Nous signalons l'une des conséquences de ce fait : les blagues, prises isolément, ne sont pas un phénomène universel. Nous suggérons également que, même s'il se peut que c…
Facial Appearance, Gender, and Emotion Expression
Western gender stereotypes describe women as affiliative and more likely to show happiness and men as dominant and more likely to show anger. The authors assessed the hypothesis that the gender-stereotypic effects on perceptions of anger and happiness are partially mediated by facial appearance markers of dominance and affiliation by equating men's and women's faces for these cues. In 2 studies, women were rated as more angry and men as more happ…
Effects of Direct and Averted Gaze on the Perception of Facially Communicated Emotion
Research has largely neglected the effects of gaze direction cues on the perception of facial expressions of emotion. It was hypothesized that when gaze direction matches the underlying behavioral intent (approach-avoidance) communicated by an emotional expression, the perception of that emotion would be enhanced (i.e., shared signal hypothesis). Specifically, the authors expected that (a) direct gaze would enhance the perception of approach-orie…
Knowing Who's Boss: FMRI and ERP Investigations of Social Dominance Perception
Humans use facial cues to convey social dominance and submission. Despite the evolutionary importance of this social ability, how the brain recognizes social dominance from the face is unknown. We used event-related brain potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural mechanisms underlying social dominance perception from facial cues. Participants made gender judgments while viewing aggression-related faci…
Accuracy and awareness in the perception and categorization of male sexual orientation
For clear and unambiguous social categories, person perception occurs quite accurately from minimal cues. This article addresses the perception of an ambiguous social category (male sexual orientation) from minimal cues. Across 5 studies, the authors examined individuals' actual and self-assessed accuracy when judging male sexual orientation from faces and facial features. Although participants were able to make accurate judgments from multiple f…
A dual-process account of female facial attractiveness preferences: Sexual and nonsexual routes
Not so black and white: Memory for ambiguous group members
Exponential increases in multiracial identities, expected over the next century, create a conundrum for perceivers accustomed to classifying people as their own- or other-race. The current research examines how perceivers resolve this dilemma with regard to the own-race bias. The authors hypothesized that perceivers are not motivated to include ambiguous-race individuals in the in-group and therefore have some difficulty remembering these individ…
Looking the other way: The role of gaze direction in the cross-race memory effect
Polling the face: Prediction and consensus across cultures
Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naïve inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Stud…
Gender moderates the relationship between emotion and perceived gaze
Recent evidence shows that gender modulates the morphology of facial expressions and might thus alter the meaning of those expressions. Consequently, we hypothesized that gender would moderate the relationship between facial expressions and the perception of direct gaze. In Study 1, participants viewed male and female faces exhibiting joy, anger, fear, and neutral expressions displayed with direct and averted gazes. Perceptions of direct gaze wer…
More than meets the eye: The role of self-identity in decoding complex emotional states
Folk wisdom asserts that "the eyes are the window to the soul," and empirical science corroborates a prominent role for the eyes in the communication of emotion. Herein we examine variation in the ability to "read" the eyes of others as a function of social group membership, employing a widely used emotional state decoding task: "Reading the Mind in Eyes." This task has documented impaired emotional state decoding across racial groups, with cross…
Taking a “Peak” at Leisure Travelers’ Positive Emotions
There is ample evidence to suggest that positive emotions lead to valuable life outcomes. This study examines daily positive emotion development before, during, and after a leisure travel experience. The study measured positive emotions on a daily basis in 25 mature adult participants before, during, and after two leisure travel experiences. Consistent with the “peak” model in previous research, positive emotions overall—and joy and interest in p…
Smiling and sad wrinkles: Age-related changes in the face and the perception of emotions and intentions
Phénoménologie de l'humour: Qui rit en dernier est le plus lent d’esprit
Dans cet article, nous dressons un inventaire des phénomènes qu'une théorie de l'humour devrait expliquer. La première partie fait valoir que l'humour est une propriété qui s'attache à certains événements mentaux, plutôt qu'à certains objets du monde (les blagues, par exemple). Nous signalons l'une des conséquences de ce fait : les blagues, prises isolément, ne sont pas un phénomène universel. Nous suggérons également que, même s'il se peut que c…
Investigating Variation in Replicability: A “Many Labs” Replication Project
Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of 13 classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, 10 effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and …
Commentaries and Rejoinder on
While direct replications such as the “Many Labs” project are extremely valuable in testing the reliability of published findings across laboratories, they reflect the common reliance in psychology on single vignettes or stimuli, which limits the scope of the conclusions that can be reached. New experimental tools and statistical techniques make it easier to routinely sample stimuli, and to appropriately treat them as random factors. We encourage…
Predictions penetrate perception: Converging insights from brain, behaviour and disorder
Observing Environmental Destruction Stimulates Neural Activation in Networks Associated with Empathic Responses
Differential hemispheric and visual stream contributions to ensemble coding of crowd emotion
Reading the lines in the face: The contribution of angularity and roundness to perceptions of facial anger and joy
Through 3 studies, we investigated whether angularity and roundness present in faces contributes to the perception of anger and joyful expressions, respectively. First, in Study 1 we found that angry expressions naturally contain more inward-pointing lines, whereas joyful expressions contain more outward-pointing lines. Then, using image-processing techniques in Studies 2 and 3, we filtered images to contain only inward-pointing or outward-pointi…
Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of …
Emotional stereotypes on trial: Implicit emotion associations for young and old adults
Individuals use naïve emotion theories, including stereotypical information on the emotional disposition of an interaction partner, to form social impressions. In view of an aging population in Western societies, beliefs on emotion and age become more and more relevant. Across 10 studies, we thus present findings on how individuals associate specific affective states with young and old adults using the emotion implicit association test. The resul…
Emotion Residue in Neutral Faces: Implications for Impression Formation
Despite the prevalent use of neutral faces in expression research, the term neutral still remains ill-defined and understudied. A general assumption is that one’s overt attempt to pose a nonexpressive face results in a neutral display, one devoid of any expressive information. Ample research has demonstrated that nonexpressive faces do convey meaning, however, through emotion-resembling appearance. Here, we examined whether prior expressive infor…
Facing social exclusion: A facial EMG examination of the reaffiliative function of smiling
Social exclusion influences how expressions are perceived and the tendency of the perceiver to mimic them. However, less is known about social exclusion’s effect on one’s own facial expressions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of social exclusion on Duchenne smiling behaviour, defined as activity of both zygomaticus major and the orbicularis oculi muscles. Utilising a within-subject’s design, participants took part in the…
The effect of gender identity and gender threat on self-image
People Watching: Social Perception and the Ensemble Coding of Bodies
Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Cognitive psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Perception (14 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Face Recognition and Perception (10 works) · Communication (9 works) · Face perception (9 works)