Gwilym M Davies
Biographic Data
| ID | 1795459 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gwilym M Davies |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gwilym M |
| FAMILY NAME | Davies |
| SIGNATURE | DAVIES G M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Leicester |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7278-7058 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 25 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Research on face recognition
The review of 'Recognizing faces' by Hadyn Ellis, published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1975, marked the genesis of a distinct field of research. This seminal review sprang from a broader programme of research on face recognition conducted at the University of Aberdeen, whose influence continues to be felt in what has become an internationally important research area. We discuss the background to the Aberdeen research, summarize some …
Vicarious Traumatisation as a Consequence of Jury Service
Recent research on past‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has highlighted the adverse consequences of trauma, not just for victims, but also for those who interact with them: vicarious traumatisation. British citizens are required to sit on juries, where they may be exposed to gruesome exhibits and harrowing testimony: can such experiences also lead to vicarious traumatisation? Previous studies have demonstrated that some jurors do suffer both sho…
Stalking
The current work reviews literature on the nature of stalking. Despite its nebulous nature and differing legal and clinical definitions of stalking, researchers and practitioners are referring to the same phenomenon. Stalking is chronic, consisting of a number of nuisance behaviors that appear consistent over countries and samples. Different categorizations of stalkers and their victims exist, but ex-partner stalkers are a distinctive category wi…
Children's Testimony
There's no smoke without fire
In a stalking scenario, the prior relationship between and the gender of stalker and victim were systematically manipulated in order to judge culpability and consequences for the persons involved. Written vignettes were presented to 168 participants who responded via seven Likert scales. Stalker-victim relationship had three levels: ex-partner, acquaintance and stranger. In accordance with the 'Just World' hypothesis (Lerner, 1980), the victim wa…
Leviticus 23–27
The Course and Nature of Stalking
This article presents results from the first survey of stalking victims to be conducted in the United Kingdom. In‐depth questionnaire data are drawn on to investigate the course and nature of prolonged stalking in 95 self‐defined victims. Findings indicate a pattern of repeated intrusions, a high violence risk for both victims and their loved ones, a dearth of sources of support, and varied police response. Stalkers had higher socio‐economic stat…
Closed‐circuit television
Two experiments simulated identification of suspects from CCTV recordings: Expt 1 simulated identification from whole body shots while Expt 2 showed close‐up pictures of targets faces. The results are consistent with those of Bruce et al. (1999) and Kemp, Towell, and Pike (1997) in showing surprisingly high rates of error in person identification from CCTV material. In Expt 1, participants (N=80) searched for a suspicious incident in a 25‐minute …
Children, hearsay, and the courts
Legal and procedural reforms to accomodate children's testimony have continued apace in the United Kingdom since the Criminal Justice Act of 1988. This act introduced live links or closed-circui t television) for child witnesses appearing at Crown Courts and amended the corroboration requirement; the Criminal Justice Act of 1991 permitted videotaped evidence-in-chief, such that investigative interviews carried out by police officers and social wo…
Children, hearsay, and the courts
Recovered memories in theory and practice
Recovered memories in theory and practice
Mistaken Identification
In England and Wales, criminal convictions continue to be secured on the basis of identification evidence alone. The Devlin Report (1976) concluded that the process of identification was inherently fallible and recommended that such prosecutions should cease save in exceptional circumstances. Devlin also called for more psychological research on the identification process. Examples of such research are reviewed, together with cases of actual or a…
Children's Welfare in the Courtroom
This paper summarises recent attempts to safeguard children's welfare in the courtroom. Drawing on international research and practice developments, the paper compares programmes that prepare children for their role as witnesses with reforms designed to protect children once they testify. Benefits and disadvantages associated with both approaches are highlighted, and the paper concludes that all professionals have a responsibility to promote chil…
The Influence of Biographical Information on Event Memory
In this study, we investigated the effects on memory or the provision of contextual information concerning the central character depicted in a brief video film. The findings of the study, which involved 82 male and 103 female student subjects, suggest that at test a week later, recognition judgments for foil sequences were biased in context-specific ways. However, the influence of the contextual information on memory was observed only when the in…
Children's credibility on camera
An experiment was conducted to examine whether the use of different camera shots‐medium or close‐up‐affected the way in which child witnesses were perceived by adult raters. School children were video‐recorded describing an event in which they had participated, and students rated the children s perceived credibility on a number of scales. Type of shot used did not influence perceived credibility in a consistent manner, although it did influence s…
Adults' perceptions of children's videotaped truthful and deceptive statements
This article uses a research study on decisions about children's truth telling to discuss the difficult issues involved in using video‐taped evidence in child abuse cases. The adult raters had to decide whether each child recounting a school trip was telling the truth or had only seen a video recording of the day's events. Raters were just above chance in detecting truth and deception, were better able to detect truth tellers than deceivers, and …
Children on Trial? Psychology, Videotechnology and the Law
Traditionally, the British legal system has exhibited great caution in its treatment of children's testimony and this has been reflected in the laws of evidence as they have applied to juveniles. Recent research by psychologists has challenged the view that children are necessarily incompetent witnesses and contributed to the changes in the law embodied in the 1988 and 1990 Criminal Justice Acts. The 1988 Act set up a system of live video links d…
The Credibility of Child Witnesses Seen on Closed-Circuit Television
The Applicability of Facial Memory Research
The Use of Anatomical Dolls in Child Witness Interviews
Megiddo
Close encounters of the witness kind
A total of 128 children from each of two age groups (6-7 years and 10-11 years) took part individually in a simulated health check procedure. This involved direct confrontation between the child and an adult stranger in which the child was touched and an article of clothing (shoes) removed. One week later children took part in a series of tests which examined their testimony of the events in which they participated. Older children were superior t…
Reinstatement of context following exposure to post‐event information
In an earlier study, Jenkins & Davies (1985) reported significant interference to facial memory from exposure to an erroneous composite picture of a target in the interval between observation and test. Subjects ( n = 194) in the present experiment first viewed a videotaped incident depicting a male target and then received a composite of the target which was designed to present either correct or misleading information concerning his appearance. C…
The Child Witness
Recent years have seen a growth in interest and concern for the child witness. The law has long acknowledged the special status of children's testimony and has implicitly assumed it to be less reliable than that of adults. However, recent psychological research casts doubt on the view that children are uniformly less accurate or competent than their adult peers in eyewitness tasks. Nor is there any clear experimental evidence that the memory of y…
Distortions in the Memory of Children
One does not have far to go to find expressions of the belief in the extreme suggestibility of children. But are children more suggestible than adults? The memory of adults is readily contaminated; by comparison, children appear to be more easily influenced in only some instances. If an event is not encoded well, or if a delay weakens the child's memory relative to an adult's, then differences in memory may emerge. On the other hand, if an event …
Tell Ed-Duweir
Research on face recognition
The review of 'Recognizing faces' by Hadyn Ellis, published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1975, marked the genesis of a distinct field of research. This seminal review sprang from a broader programme of research on face recognition conducted at the University of Aberdeen, whose influence continues to be felt in what has become an internationally important research area. We discuss the background to the Aberdeen research, summarize some …
There's no smoke without fire
In a stalking scenario, the prior relationship between and the gender of stalker and victim were systematically manipulated in order to judge culpability and consequences for the persons involved. Written vignettes were presented to 168 participants who responded via seven Likert scales. Stalker-victim relationship had three levels: ex-partner, acquaintance and stranger. In accordance with the 'Just World' hypothesis (Lerner, 1980), the victim wa…
Tell Ed-Duweir = Ancient Lachish
An Econometric Analysis of Residential Amenity
Leviticus 23–27
Close encounters of the witness kind
A total of 128 children from each of two age groups (6-7 years and 10-11 years) took part individually in a simulated health check procedure. This involved direct confrontation between the child and an adult stranger in which the child was touched and an article of clothing (shoes) removed. One week later children took part in a series of tests which examined their testimony of the events in which they participated. Older children were superior t…
The Significance of Deuteronomy 1. 2 for the Location of Mount Horeb
(1979). The Significance of Deuteronomy 1. 2 for the Location of Mount Horeb. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 87-101
An Investigation of the Use of the Photo‐fit* Technique for Recalling Faces
Two experiments concerning the efficiency of the Photo‐fit Kit for recalling faces are reported. The first of these tested subjects' ability to reconstruct photographs of faces made up of features randomly selected from the Kit. Two presentation procedures were examined: either the stimulus face was present throughout the reconstruction, or it was reconstructed from memory. The face present condition produced better reconstructions than did the m…
An Econometric Analysis of Residential Amenity
An Investigation of the Use of the Photo‐fit* Technique for Recalling Faces
Two experiments concerning the efficiency of the Photo‐fit Kit for recalling faces are reported. The first of these tested subjects' ability to reconstruct photographs of faces made up of features randomly selected from the Kit. Two presentation procedures were examined: either the stimulus face was present throughout the reconstruction, or it was reconstructed from memory. The face present condition produced better reconstructions than did the m…
The Recall of Concrete and Abstract Sentences as a Function of Interpolated Task
Begg & Paivio (1969) have proposed that while sentences dealing with abstract matters are normally coded in verbal terms, those concerned with concrete events are internalized as imagery. In two experiments, subjects observed both types of sentence prior to carrying out a distracter task which involved either verbal or perceptual coding. In agreement with the hypothesis, sentence type interacted significantly with interpolated task in both studie…
Remembering pictures of real and ‘unreal’ faces
Three experiments are reported which explore the effects of lines on faces upon recognition memory. In Expt I a comparison of recognition memory for photographs of real faces with memory for Photofit faces indicated that memory for the former is significantly better. Experiment II examined one possible explanation for the first results by comparing memory for faces with memory for the same faces containing lines representing the feature boundarie…
Recall and organization in five year old children
This study is concerned with the actual and potential memorizing strategies available to five year old children. Forty‐eight children observed 20 objects drawn from five different categories. A factorial design was employed with two conditions of presentation (blocked/random) combined with two conditions of recall (cued/uncued). Both blocking and cueing produced significant effects upon recall and clustering, blocking affecting within‐category re…
Effect of character attribution on Photofit construction of a face
The Significance of Deuteronomy 1. 2 for the Location of Mount Horeb
(1979). The Significance of Deuteronomy 1. 2 for the Location of Mount Horeb. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 87-101
Tell Ed-Duweir = Ancient Lachish
Squires in the East End
Distortions in the Memory of Children
One does not have far to go to find expressions of the belief in the extreme suggestibility of children. But are children more suggestible than adults? The memory of adults is readily contaminated; by comparison, children appear to be more easily influenced in only some instances. If an event is not encoded well, or if a delay weakens the child's memory relative to an adult's, then differences in memory may emerge. On the other hand, if an event …
Tell Ed-Duweir
The Child Witness
Recent years have seen a growth in interest and concern for the child witness. The law has long acknowledged the special status of children's testimony and has implicitly assumed it to be less reliable than that of adults. However, recent psychological research casts doubt on the view that children are uniformly less accurate or competent than their adult peers in eyewitness tasks. Nor is there any clear experimental evidence that the memory of y…
Linguistics, computers and the language teacher
Reinstatement of context following exposure to post‐event information
In an earlier study, Jenkins & Davies (1985) reported significant interference to facial memory from exposure to an erroneous composite picture of a target in the interval between observation and test. Subjects ( n = 194) in the present experiment first viewed a videotaped incident depicting a male target and then received a composite of the target which was designed to present either correct or misleading information concerning his appearance. C…
The Applicability of Facial Memory Research
The Use of Anatomical Dolls in Child Witness Interviews
Megiddo
Close encounters of the witness kind
A total of 128 children from each of two age groups (6-7 years and 10-11 years) took part individually in a simulated health check procedure. This involved direct confrontation between the child and an adult stranger in which the child was touched and an article of clothing (shoes) removed. One week later children took part in a series of tests which examined their testimony of the events in which they participated. Older children were superior t…
Children's credibility on camera
An experiment was conducted to examine whether the use of different camera shots‐medium or close‐up‐affected the way in which child witnesses were perceived by adult raters. School children were video‐recorded describing an event in which they had participated, and students rated the children s perceived credibility on a number of scales. Type of shot used did not influence perceived credibility in a consistent manner, although it did influence s…
Adults' perceptions of children's videotaped truthful and deceptive statements
This article uses a research study on decisions about children's truth telling to discuss the difficult issues involved in using video‐taped evidence in child abuse cases. The adult raters had to decide whether each child recounting a school trip was telling the truth or had only seen a video recording of the day's events. Raters were just above chance in detecting truth and deception, were better able to detect truth tellers than deceivers, and …
Children on Trial? Psychology, Videotechnology and the Law
Traditionally, the British legal system has exhibited great caution in its treatment of children's testimony and this has been reflected in the laws of evidence as they have applied to juveniles. Recent research by psychologists has challenged the view that children are necessarily incompetent witnesses and contributed to the changes in the law embodied in the 1988 and 1990 Criminal Justice Acts. The 1988 Act set up a system of live video links d…
The Credibility of Child Witnesses Seen on Closed-Circuit Television
Children's Welfare in the Courtroom
This paper summarises recent attempts to safeguard children's welfare in the courtroom. Drawing on international research and practice developments, the paper compares programmes that prepare children for their role as witnesses with reforms designed to protect children once they testify. Benefits and disadvantages associated with both approaches are highlighted, and the paper concludes that all professionals have a responsibility to promote chil…
The Influence of Biographical Information on Event Memory
In this study, we investigated the effects on memory or the provision of contextual information concerning the central character depicted in a brief video film. The findings of the study, which involved 82 male and 103 female student subjects, suggest that at test a week later, recognition judgments for foil sequences were biased in context-specific ways. However, the influence of the contextual information on memory was observed only when the in…
Mistaken Identification
In England and Wales, criminal convictions continue to be secured on the basis of identification evidence alone. The Devlin Report (1976) concluded that the process of identification was inherently fallible and recommended that such prosecutions should cease save in exceptional circumstances. Devlin also called for more psychological research on the identification process. Examples of such research are reviewed, together with cases of actual or a…
Psychology (28 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Deception detection and forensic psychology (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Cognitive psychology (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Criminology (9 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works)