Roman Pochekaev
Biographic Data
| ID | 180273 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roman Pochekaev |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roman |
| FAMILY NAME | Pochekaev |
| SIGNATURE | POCHEKAEV R |
| AFFILIATIONS | National Research University Higher School of Economics |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4192-3528 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 43 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
At War and at the Feast
The article analyzes the status of yasaul, an official who was in charge of troops disposition during military campaigns as well as for placing of the representatives of power elite at feasts and official arrangements in the Mongol Empire and its uluses. The functions of yasauls and requirements to candidates for this office are examined. The article includes the first Russian translation of valuable historical legal source — yarlyk (khan’s edict…
Basqaq, daruga, shihne
Research objectives: To characterize the legal status of a basqaq, daruga and shihne in the Turkic-Mongol states during the epoch of the Mongol Empire and its uluses, as well as to prove of the authentication of these offices. Authors intend to clarify the basic rights and obligations of these officers and their position in the administrative structure on a base of legal monuments, official acts, chronicles, and historical works. The first part o…
On Criminal Punishments in the Golden Horde and Mongol Iran (Based on Khan’s Jarligs)
The article is an analysis of sanctions in the yarlyks — edicts of rulers of the medieval Turkic-Mongol states. Author examined the wording of sanctions in the legal acts of the Jochi Ulus (Golden Horde) and Mongol Iran. The result of study is a factual absence of well-defined punishments for different crimes in the Turkic-Mongol states and, therefore, wide-spread practice of judges’ own discretion
«Туркестанский сборник» как источник по истории развития судебной системы в Русской Центральной Азии конца XIX — начала XX в. (в контексте взаимодействия русских властей и тюрко-таджикского населения)
В статье анализируются материалы «Туркестанского сборника», содержащие сведения о судебной власти и процессуальных отношениях в Казахской степи и Русском Туркестане. Наибольший интерес представляют публикации по данной тематике в российской периодике рассматриваемого периода, поскольку содержат не только факты, но и оценки развития системы процессуальных отношений в регионе со стороны представителей различных групп общественности. Среди них — чин…
State and law of the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state as they were seen by foreign contemporaries
Research objectives: An analysis of official documents and notes of foreign contemporaries to clarify some aspects of political and legal life of the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state in the 13th– beginning of 15th centuries. Materials and methods of research: The basic materials are official documents (diplomatic correspondence), travelers’ reports and notes, diaries and memoirs of travelers from different countries of Europe and Asia who v…
Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva on the Russian Cotton Trade Market
The article devoted to the problems of legal regulation of the cotton trade between the Russian Empire and khanates of the Central Asia mainly during the period when these states were under the Russian protectorate. Within their interaction two legal systems clashed: European continental law (which also was used in Russia) and traditional law of the Central Asian khanates. Author finds that Russian administration and traders attempted to extend t…
The Golden Horde, c. 1260–1502
Chinggis Khan granted his eldest son Jochi parts of Mongolia, Siberia, Khwārazm, and the Qipchaq steppe. The Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus) rose from these territories and newly conquered lands, including the Russian principalities, in the 1260s. Benefiting from their unique location at the intersection of Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, they pursued a multilateral diplomacy and built lasting trade and military partnerships with the West and the I…
The jarlyk on appointment of amir-e tuman from the “Dastur al-katib” and status of temnik in the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi and Chagatay
Research objectives: This study aims to characterize the legal status of the emir of the tumen (i.e., miriarch) in the Chinggisid states, including the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi, Chagatay, and the Timurid State. The focus is on their roles as military commanders and administrative officers, drawing from medieval legal documents, narrative sources, and prior research findings. Materials and methods of research: The primary materials under examinatio…
Islamic Heritage in Russian Turkestan as Seen by the Imperial Muslim Offi cial (Based on the “Tourist’s Notes” by Sh. Ibragimov)
The article analyzes the unfi nished and unpublished work “Travel Sketches. ‘Tourist’s Notes’” by Shakhimardan M. Ibragimov kept at the Archives of the Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia). The text refl ects the results of Ibragimov’s trip to the Russian Turkestan during the performance of his offi cial duties and his observations on the daily life of the local population. Being a Turk and a Muslim,…
Defeated Before the Court of Victors
Introduction. The aim of the paper is a study of the evolution of legal relations on the territory of the Mongol Empire in the second half of the 13th century. The subjects of analysis are trials over the members of the ruling imperial family who were defeated during their rebellions and intestine wars. Methods and materials. The sources of the study are medieval oriental sources, including Persian chronicles (by Rashid ad-Din, Mu’in ad-Din Natan…
Between Diplomacy and Law
Jarlig given by Abu Sa‘id, Ilkhan of Iran to Venetians in 1320 was more than once used by scholars specialized in history of relations between medieval Turkic-Mongol states and European countries in the field of diplomacy and trade. Also it drew attention of specialists in the Mongol diplomacy of the 13th–14th centuries. Thus, it was considered as historical source and official document. Meanwhile, it is of great interest as diplomatic and legal …
Улуг битикчи — тюрко-монгольский институт, интегрированный в систему мусульманской администрации чингизидских государств XIII–XIV вв. (по материалам «Дастур ал-катиб»)
Introduction. The article examines a yarliq from the medieval Persian treatise Dastur al-Katib to characterize the institution of ulug bitigchi that used to be widespread in the Mongol Empire and states of Genghis Khan’s descendants. Goals. The study attempts an interdisciplinary analysis of the historical monument — one yarliq appointing an ulug bitigchi (head of scribes) and contained in Dastur al-Katib fi Tayin al-Maratib (A Scribe’s Guide to …
The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Chinggis Khan and his progeny ruled over two-thirds of Eurasia. Connecting East, West, North and South, the Mongols integrated most of the Old World, promoting unprecedented cross-cultural contacts and triggering the reshuffle of religious, ethnic, and geopolitical identities. The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire studies the Empire holistically in its full Eurasian context, putting the Mongols and …
On History of Coinage in the Turkic-Mongol States of 13th—14th cc
The article introduces a yarlik on appointment of a mint administrator into the Russian-language scientific discussion, the y arlik being included into the Persian treaty “Dastur al-katib” written in 1360s by Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani, an official at the court of rulers of the Mongol Iran — Hulaguids and their successors Jalayirids. There is a comparative translation from the original Persian and from the German translation made by famous…
Институт букаула в тюрко-монгольских государствах
Introduction. The article examines the institution of bukaul in Chinggisid states and their successors. Special attention is given to functions implemented by the official in the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi and Chagatai - and the former's evolution throughout centuries. It is also explained why the functions tended to vary in different Turko-Mongol states. Goals. The study seeks to characterize the status of bukaul in Chinggisid and post-Chinggisid s…
Reward for the loyalty, retribution for treachery
The article is an analysis of judicial activity of Chinggis Khan towards persons who entered his service under different circumstances. Analysis allows to state that Chinggis Khan not always used the same criteria taking his decision on the reward for loyalty and punishment for treachery. Authors attempt to explain the reasons of taking one or another decision by Chinggis Khan and clarify their correlation with political ideology formed by him du…
The Law of the Mongols as Seen by John of Plano Carpini
Research objectives: The goal of the article is a comparative analysis of information recorded by John of Plano Carpini on Mongolian and Mongol Empire law, along with other sources on the Mongolian law and legal traditions aimed at determining the objectivity of diplomat’s materials and observing the evolution of traditional law of the Mongols. Research materials: Verification is carried out on the basis of the work “The Story of the Mongols Whom…
“Dastur al-katib” as a source on history of state, law and chancellery culture of the Golden Horde (by the example of yarlighs on the appointment of emirs of the ulus)
Research objectives: To use historical monuments of Persian origin from the 14th c. as a possible source for the political, legal, and chancellery history in the Jochid Ulus and for specific features of the status of “emir of ulus”, a type of high official in Chinggisid states. Materials and methods of research: The basic materials are yarlighs included into the “Dastur al-katib” of Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani in its Persian original as wel…
The 1873 Treaties of the Russian Empire With the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara
The article devoted to specific features of relations of the Russian Empire with the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva on the base of treaties signed in 1873, which are considered to fix the status of these Central Asian polities as Russian protectorates. The author examined preconditions of signing of these treaties, analyses the treaties of Russia with Khiva and Bukhara, gives a formal legal characterization of their form and content.…
Shahimardan Ibragimov on Diplomatic Ceremonial and Protocol in the Russian-Khoqand Relations of the 1870s
Шахимардан Ибрагимов о дипломатическом церемониале в русско-кокандских отношениях 1870-х годов а н н о та Ц и я.Ш. М. ибрагимов (1841-1891) в течение ряда лет служил при туркестанском генералгубернаторе к. п. фон кауфмане, занимая должности сначала переводчика канцелярии, а затем чиновника по дипломатической части, в ведении которого фактически находились внешнеполитические связи туркестанской краевой администрации.В то же время Ш. М. ибрагимов я…
Legal Aspects of the Central Asiatic Policy of Peter the Great (Based on Materials of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire)
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К вопросу о монгольском делопроизводстве в Иране XIII–XIV вв. (на примере ярлыка о назначении бахши из «Дастур ал-катиб»)
Introduction. The article examines a yarliq from Dastur al-Katib (14th c. CE) and attempts to an insight into the principles of using the Mongol language in the 13th–14th century Persian records management system. Goals. The study provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the historical monument — a yarliq appointing a bakhshi (senior scribe) included in Dastur al-Katib fi Tayin al-Maratib (A Scribe’s Guide to Determining Ranks) compiled in the m…
Who Could Be and Who Could Not Be Judged by Girays
В статье анализируются полномочия монархов Крымского ханства в судебной сфере на протяжении всего времени существования этого государства с XV по XVIII вв. Выявляются основные уровни и направления судебной деятельности крымских ханов — как высшей судебной инстанции в ханстве, как участника суда дивана, полномочия ханов в области организации и деятельности судов беев и шариатских судов в Крыму. Предпринимается попытка ответить на вопрос, почему су…
Russia’s Fight against the Savage Punishments in the Emirate of Bukhara (Communicative Aspects)
The article analyzes the instruments of political communication used by Russian authorities and other groups of interests in the fight for the abolition of the most severe punishments in the Emirate of Bukhara as an element of its political-legal and social-economic modernization. On a base of legal acts, notes of contemporaries and periodicals of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries the author analyzes using of different communi…
New historical insights on protection of the trade routes in Genghisids states, 13th to 14th century
В числе источников исследования ключевым является образец ярлыка ильхана Ирана о назначении предводителя каравана, входящий в трактат для писцов «Дастур ал-катиб», составленный Мухаммедом б. Хиндушахом Нахчивани, персидским чиновником, в 1360-х гг. Документ впервые переведён на русский язык и снабжён междисциплинарным научным комментарием. Сведения ярлыка, в сочетании с данными других источников, позволяют лучше понять проблемы обеспечения безопа…
The punishment of Sacha-Beki by Chinggis Khan and beginning of the epoch of khans’ justice
Расправа Чингисхана со своими влиятельными родственниками — Сача-бэки и Тай-чу, предводителями рода кият-джуркин, нашла отражение в многочисленных источниках — монгольских, китайских, персидских. Анализ их сведений позволяет обнаружить в них расхождения не только фактического, но и в значительной степени идеологического характера, в результате чего в ранних источниках присутствует, можно сказать, завуалированное осуждение расправы Чингисхана над …
The political and legal views of Mikhail Speranskiy in the Rules on the Siberian Kirghiz
Mikhail Speranskiy, an outstanding Russian statesman and legislator of the first half of the 19th century, was Governor-General of Siberia from 1819 to 1821. The main result of this moment in his career was the government reform in Asiatic Russia as well as the formulation in 1822 of a set of codes – rules and regulations – for Siberia and its peoples. Speranskiy tried to incorporate his theories on state and law into these codifications. One of …
Chinggis Khan’s Great Yasa in the Mongol Empire and Chinggisid States of the 13th–14th centuries
Research objective of the article is clarifying of the nature of the Greta Yasa of Chinggis Khan: was it legal code or set of specific edicts, regulations and principles? Research materials include Arabian and Persian historical sources which already were used by another researchers of the Great Yasa (D. Ayalon, D.O. Morgan), as well as new sources on the history of the Mongol Empire, the Golden Horde, Yuan Empire, Chaghataid state recently intro…
Törü
This article is devoted to törü-law of the ancient Turks, which later became one of the sources of medieval Mongol law and, eventually, integral to the legal system of the Mongol Empire ruled by Chinggis Khan and his descendants. The post-imperial Chinggisids used törü as a means to reinforce their legitimacy among their Turkic subjects as a 'privatised' right to interpret and even create törü regulations. At the same time their Mongolian neighbo…
К истории среднеазиатской таможенной политики России во второй половине XIX в. (докладная записка В. П. Череванского 1872 г.)
The paper examines the development of Russia's customs policy in the Central Asian region in the mid-to-late 19th c. The main part of the paper is a publication of a staff report written by Vladimir P. Cherevansky, a Russian high-rank official to Turkestan, namely, Head of Chamber of Control, in the 1870s. As a member of Commission for Russian Trade in Central Asia he disagreed with his colleagues on customs evolution and expressed his opinion in…
The Ambition of a Half-Padishah or the Enthusiasm of a Tsarist Administrator? Konstantin von Kaufmann and the Development of Local Government in Tashkent
In 1877, Konstantin von Kaufmann, Governor-General of Turkestan, established municipal government in Tashkent, which implemented Alexander II’s reform of local government in the territories recently joined to the Russian Empire. The principles of the formation and activity of the Tashkent City Duma provoked contradictory opinions among contemporaries and later researcher. The author aims to analyse the terms of the development of local government…
Russian Travelers on Legal Relations in the 18th-Century Dzungar Khanate
The article analyzes notes of Russian travelers on legal development of the Dzungar Khanate in the early-to-mid 18th c. While South and Northeast Mongolia had been annexed to the Qing Empire, the Dzungar Khanate reached its golden age and began active policy of conquest subjugating the Kazakh Elder and Middle Hordes, Tashkent, Eastern Turkestan. Establishing a large state with nomadic and settled regions, the Dzungar Khanate became the last ‘Step…
Pochekaev R. Yu. Review of
Economic Instruments of Advance of the Russian Empire in the Central Asia
The article is devoted to analysis the Russian imperial policy towards currency of two imperial protectorates in the Central Asia — Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva at the beginning of the 20th century. The final aim of this policy was spreading or the Russian ruble circulation in these protectorates. The goal of the research is an evaluation on a base of this example the effectiveness of economical instruments of an advance of a continent…
Pretended Suzerainty
The punishment of Sacha-Beki by Chinggis Khan and beginning of the epoch of khans’ justice
Расправа Чингисхана со своими влиятельными родственниками — Сача-бэки и Тай-чу, предводителями рода кият-джуркин, нашла отражение в многочисленных источниках — монгольских, китайских, персидских. Анализ их сведений позволяет обнаружить в них расхождения не только фактического, но и в значительной степени идеологического характера, в результате чего в ранних источниках присутствует, можно сказать, завуалированное осуждение расправы Чингисхана над …
Some thoughts on historical and legal aspects regarding the fourth volume of the “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” translated into Russian. [Review on
The article is a survey of the Russian translation of “Laws of the Great Ming dynasty” in four volumes published since 1997 to 2019. The introduction of this legal monument to the Russian scientific society is of great importance as it substantially expands contemporary idea on Chinese traditional legal system and meets a lack in the history of law ofChinain 14th–17th cc. To survey the legal monument there special legal scientific methods were us…
Crimean Traders vs. Venice
Objective: A study of the Golden Horde historical sources of the mid-fourteenth century containing information on the history of law and trials in the Golden Horde, providing a comparison of the actions of the Golden Horde authorities with similar actions taken in other countries of that time. This includes a general assessment of the standards of the Golden Horde proceedings in the period under study. Research materials: The Golden Horde histori…
On the History of the Golden Horde’s Jurisprudence
Research objectives: This article contains a characteristic of the jurisprudence in the Golden Horde (Ulus of Jochi). The author considers basic stages of development of the Golden Horde’s jurisprudence and uncovers its scholarly centers located within its territory. Research materials: This research was carried out on the basis of the classical and most recent works on the history of the Golden Horde and its specific aspects (including those tha…
Participants of Russian Naval Expeditions on the Political and Legal and Socio-Economic Situation of the Turkmen of the East Caspian Region (Mid-18th – Mid-19th c.)
Introduction. The aim of the paper is to study the notes of the participants of Russian naval expeditions to the east coast of the Caspian Sea since the middle of 18th to the second half of 19th c. as a source of information on the political and legal position of local Turkmen tribes. Another aim is to analyze the significance of this information for the further advance of the Russian Empire to Central Asia. Methods and materials. The sources of …
Administrative Policy or Administrative Dreams
In his monograph The Burden of the Empire. The Administrative Policy of Russia in Central Asia. Second Half of the 19th Century, D. V. Vasilyev analyses imperial Russian policy in the region, focusing on the administration of the steppe provinces and Russian Turkestan between 1865 and 1891. This approach allows the author to observe the evolution of views of the central and regional authorities responsible for the administration of these regions …
Международно-правовое положение Внутренней Монголии на рубеже XIX–XX вв. глазами ее правителя (записка хорчинского князя Удая, 1910 г.)
Introduction. The article publishes and provides a historical legal analysis of one letter by Prince Uday, ruler of Khorchin Khoshun (Horqin Banner) in Inner Mongolia at the end of 19th – first quarter of 20th century, who sent it to Pyotr Stolypin, the Prime-Minister of the Russian Empire, in 1910. This letter is a part of a file kept in the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg, Russia) in original Mongolian as well as in its Russian…
Diplomatic Protocol at the Court of the Ruler of Hunza (According to the Notes of Bronislav L. Grombchevskiy)
Суд и процесс в памятниках традиционного монгольского права XVI–XVIII вв. (опыт сравнительно-правового анализа)
Introduction. Mongolian codifications of 16th–18th centuries are considered to be sources of customary law. But their structure and content prove the opposite as they were results of law-making by rulers and contained different rules on status and credentials of authorities. One of such fields was legal procedure which becomes an object for analysis in this article. Goals and Objectives. The goal of our research is analysis of procedural institut…
Reward for the loyalty, retribution for treachery
The article is an analysis of judicial activity of Chinggis Khan towards persons who entered his service under different circumstances. Analysis allows to state that Chinggis Khan not always used the same criteria taking his decision on the reward for loyalty and punishment for treachery. Authors attempt to explain the reasons of taking one or another decision by Chinggis Khan and clarify their correlation with political ideology formed by him du…
The Law of the Mongols as Seen by John of Plano Carpini
Research objectives: The goal of the article is a comparative analysis of information recorded by John of Plano Carpini on Mongolian and Mongol Empire law, along with other sources on the Mongolian law and legal traditions aimed at determining the objectivity of diplomat’s materials and observing the evolution of traditional law of the Mongols. Research materials: Verification is carried out on the basis of the work “The Story of the Mongols Whom…
“Dastur al-katib” as a source on history of state, law and chancellery culture of the Golden Horde (by the example of yarlighs on the appointment of emirs of the ulus)
Research objectives: To use historical monuments of Persian origin from the 14th c. as a possible source for the political, legal, and chancellery history in the Jochid Ulus and for specific features of the status of “emir of ulus”, a type of high official in Chinggisid states. Materials and methods of research: The basic materials are yarlighs included into the “Dastur al-katib” of Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani in its Persian original as wel…
The 1873 Treaties of the Russian Empire With the Khanate of Khiva and the Emirate of Bukhara
The article devoted to specific features of relations of the Russian Empire with the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva on the base of treaties signed in 1873, which are considered to fix the status of these Central Asian polities as Russian protectorates. The author examined preconditions of signing of these treaties, analyses the treaties of Russia with Khiva and Bukhara, gives a formal legal characterization of their form and content.…
Shahimardan Ibragimov on Diplomatic Ceremonial and Protocol in the Russian-Khoqand Relations of the 1870s
Шахимардан Ибрагимов о дипломатическом церемониале в русско-кокандских отношениях 1870-х годов а н н о та Ц и я.Ш. М. ибрагимов (1841-1891) в течение ряда лет служил при туркестанском генералгубернаторе к. п. фон кауфмане, занимая должности сначала переводчика канцелярии, а затем чиновника по дипломатической части, в ведении которого фактически находились внешнеполитические связи туркестанской краевой администрации.В то же время Ш. М. ибрагимов я…
Legal Aspects of the Central Asiatic Policy of Peter the Great (Based on Materials of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire)
i, . , (1
К вопросу о монгольском делопроизводстве в Иране XIII–XIV вв. (на примере ярлыка о назначении бахши из «Дастур ал-катиб»)
Introduction. The article examines a yarliq from Dastur al-Katib (14th c. CE) and attempts to an insight into the principles of using the Mongol language in the 13th–14th century Persian records management system. Goals. The study provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the historical monument — a yarliq appointing a bakhshi (senior scribe) included in Dastur al-Katib fi Tayin al-Maratib (A Scribe’s Guide to Determining Ranks) compiled in the m…
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