Archana Singh-Manoux
Biographic Data
| ID | 181607 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Archana Singh-Manoux |
| GIVEN NAMES | Archana |
| FAMILY NAME | Singh-Manoux |
| SIGNATURE | SINGH-MANOUX A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Inserm |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1244-5037 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 482 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 44 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 Report of the Lancet standing Commission
Ten-Year Trends in Sales of Alzheimer Disease Drugs in France Compared With Sales in Germany, Spain, and the UK
This cross-sectional study analyzes 10-year trends in sales of Alzheimer disease drugs in France compared with trends in the UK, Spain, and Germany
Association between socioeconomic status and the development of mental and physical health conditions in adulthood: A multi-cohort study
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage is a risk factor for many diseases. We characterised cascades of these conditions by using a data-driven approach to examine the association between socioeconomic status and temporal sequences in the development of 56 common diseases and health conditions. METHODS: In this multi-cohort study, we used data from two Finnish prospective cohort studies: the Health and Social Support study and the Finnish Public …
Association of big-5 personality traits with cognitive impairment and dementia: A longitudinal study
Background Personality traits have been liked to cognitive outcomes such as dementia, but whether these associations are robust to the effects of third variables remains the subject of debate. We examined the role of socioeconomic status, depression (history and depressive symptoms), health behaviours and chronic conditions in the association of the big-5 personality traits with cognitive performance, cognitive impairment and incidence of dementi…
Socioeconomic inequality in recovery from poor physical and mental health in mid-life and early old age: Prospective Whitehall II cohort study
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the influence of socioeconomic status on recovery from poor physical and mental health. METHODS: Prospective study with four consecutive periods of follow-up (1991-2011) of 7564 civil servants (2228 women) recruited while working in London. Health was measured by the Short-Form 36 questionnaire physical and mental component scores assessed at beginning and end of each of four rounds. Poor health was defined b…
Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals
Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle: Findings From an Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 118 000 Working Adults
Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) var…
Timing of onset of cognitive decline: Results from Whitehall II prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVES: To estimate 10 year decline in cognitive function from longitudinal data in a middle aged cohort and to examine whether age cohorts can be compared with cross sectional data to infer the effect of age on cognitive decline. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. At study inception in 1985-8, there were 10,308 participants, representing a recruitment rate of 73%. SETTING: Civil service departments in London, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 519…
Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
Neuroticism and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Socioeconomic Status Modifies the Risk in Women (UK Health and Lifestyle Survey)
OBJECTIVE: The association between personality traits and mortality might differ as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Our aim was to evaluate the all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality risk associated with neuroticism or extraversion and their interactions with SES in a representative sample of the UK adult population. METHODS: A total of 5450 participants (2505 men) from the Health and Lifestyle Survey completed th…
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a long-term predictor of disability pension: A 13-year follow-up of the Gazel cohort study
BACKGROUND: Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict subsequent disability pension (DP). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 20 434 persons employed by the French national gas and electric company (the GAZEL study). New sick-leave spells >7 days in 1990-1992 were obtained from company records. Follow-up for D…
Organisational justice and cognitive function in middle-aged employees: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the role that work-related factors play in the decline of cognitive function. This study examined the association between perceived organisational justice and cognitive function among middle-aged men and women. METHODS: Perceived organisational justice was measured at phases 1 (1985-8) and 2 (1989-90) of the Whitehall II study when the participants were 35-55 years old. Assessment of cognitive function at the scr…
Effect of Intensity and Type of Physical Activity on Mortality: Results From the Whitehall II Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the association of intensity and type of physical activity with mortality. Methods. We assessed the duration of physical activity by intensity level and type in 7456 men and women from the Whitehall II Study by questionnaire in 1997–1999 (mean ±SD age = 55.9 ±6.0 years) and 5 years later. All-cause mortality was assessed until April 2009. Results. A total of 317 participants died during the mean follow-up of 9.6 years (SD …
Sabia Et Al. Respond
We are grateful for Bozorgmehri’s comments on our article.1 In his letter, Bozorgmehri notes that the 33% reduced mortality risk we found in participants practicing at least 1 hour of moderate activity per week was in accordance with the current literature. He proposes that additional confounding factors ought to have been taken into account in our analyses. In the analyses reported in the article, the models were adjusted for measures that could…
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: A 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Background Although long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health. Method We examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working…
Health Behaviours, Socioeconomic Status, and Mortality: Further Analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French Gazel Prospective Cohorts
BACKGROUND: Differences in morbidity and mortality between socioeconomic groups constitute one of the most consistent findings of epidemiologic research. However, research on social inequalities in health has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association. In recent analysis, we showed health behaviours, assessed longitudinally over the follow-up, to explain a major proportion of the association of soci…
P2-291 Structural and functional measures of social support, socioeconomic position and mortality. The British Whitehall II Study
Introduction Social relationships are associated with socioeconomic position (SEP) and with mortality, but it is unclear to what extent the socioeconomic gradient in mortality is attributable to differences in social relations between socioeconomic groups. In this study, we examine the contribution of different measures of social support to the socioeconomic gradient in all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods Analyses are based on 9333 pa…
O1-4.4 Framingham stroke risk profile and cognitive decline in middle age: The Whitehall II study
Background The relationship between stroke risk and cognitive ageing has not been adequately studied in non-elderly populations. The objective of this study was to examine whether 10-year risk for incident stroke is associated with cognitive decline. Methods Study sample comprised of 4512 men and 1741 women, mean age 55.6 years, from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal British cohort study. The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile was used to assess…
Do different measures of early life socioeconomic circumstances predict adult mortality? Evidence from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel studies
BACKGROUND: Father's occupational position, education and height have all been used to examine the effects of adverse early life socioeconomic circumstances on health, but it remains unknown whether they predict mortality equally well. METHODS: We used pooled data on 18,393 men and 7060 women from the Whitehall II and GAZEL cohorts to examine associations between early life socioeconomic circumstances and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. R…
Negative Aspects of Close Relationships as a Predictor of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: The Whitehall II Study
Objectives. We investigated whether exposure to negative aspects of close relationships was associated with subsequent increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods. Data came from a prospective cohort study (Whitehall II) of 9425 civil servants aged 35 to 55 years at baseline (phase 1: 1985–1988). We assessed negative aspects of close relationships with the Close Persons Questionnaire (range 0–12) at phases 1 and 2 (1989–199…
Trends in the association between height and socioeconomic indicators in France, 1970–2003
Work disability following major organisational change: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health: A 14-year follow-up in the Gazel cohort
UNLABELLED: background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness a…
Self-rated health before and after retirement in France (Gazel): A cohort study
IQ, Socioeconomic Status, and Early Death: The US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the association between cognitive ability (IQ) and early mortality is mediated by socioeconomic status (SES) or whether the association between SES and mortality reflects a spurious association caused by IQ. METHODS: The participants were from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 11,321). IQ was assessed at age 16 to 23 years and the participants were followed up to 40 to 47 years of age. RESULTS: Control…
Subjective social status: Its determinants and its association with measures of ill-health in the Whitehall II study
What does self rated health measure? Results from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel cohort studies
Objectives: To investigate the determinants of self rated health (SRH) in men and women in the British Whitehall II study and the French Gazel cohort study. Methods: The cross sectional analyses reported in this paper use data from wave 1 of the Whitehall II study (1985–88) and wave 2 of the Gazel study (1990). Determinants were either self reported or obtained through medical screening and employer’s records. The Whitehall II study is based on 2…
Social status and health: A comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in Cardia
Role of socialization in explaining social inequalities in health
The effect of control at home on CHD events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in CHD
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Gender Differences in the Association Between Morbidity and Mortality Among Middle-Aged Men and Women
Objectives. We examined gender differences in mortality, morbidity, and the association between the 2. Methods. We used health data from 2 studies of middle-aged men and women: the British Whitehall II cohort of employees from 20 civil service departments in London and the 1989 French GAZEL (this acronym refers to the French gas and electric companies) of employees of France's national gas and electricity company. Participants were aged 35 to 55 …
Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle: Findings From an Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 118 000 Working Adults
Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) var…
Effect of Intensity and Type of Physical Activity on Mortality: Results From the Whitehall II Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the association of intensity and type of physical activity with mortality. Methods. We assessed the duration of physical activity by intensity level and type in 7456 men and women from the Whitehall II Study by questionnaire in 1997–1999 (mean ±SD age = 55.9 ±6.0 years) and 5 years later. All-cause mortality was assessed until April 2009. Results. A total of 317 participants died during the mean follow-up of 9.6 years (SD …
Negative Aspects of Close Relationships as a Predictor of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: The Whitehall II Study
Objectives. We investigated whether exposure to negative aspects of close relationships was associated with subsequent increase in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods. Data came from a prospective cohort study (Whitehall II) of 9425 civil servants aged 35 to 55 years at baseline (phase 1: 1985–1988). We assessed negative aspects of close relationships with the Close Persons Questionnaire (range 0–12) at phases 1 and 2 (1989–199…
Cultural Variations in Social Sharing of Emotions: An Intercultural Perspective
Prior research has established that the “social sharing” of emotions is an integral part of an emotional experience. Whereas earlier studies have focused on universal features of sharing (e.g., rate, frequency, delay), this study investigates social and relational aspects of sharing hypothesized to be more open to cultural variation. A total of 555 adolescents from the Indian, immigrant Indian, and the English culture recalled episodes of fear, s…
Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functioning in Middle Age: Evidence From the Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in middle age. Methods. Data were derived from a prospective occupational cohort study of 10308 civil servants aged 35–55 years at baseline (phase 1; 1985–1988). Physical activity level, categorized as low, medium, or high, was assessed at phases 1, 3 (1991–1994), and 5 (1997–1999). Cognitive functioning was tested at phase 5, when respondents were 46–68 y…
Leisure activities and cognitive function in middle age: Evidence from the Whitehall II study
Objectives: To test the hypothesis of a positive association, independent of social position, between participation in leisure activities and cognitive function in middle age. The nature of this relation is explored by first classifying leisure activities as entailing high or low cognitive effort, and then classifying them as entailing individual or social activities. Setting: London based office staff (Whitehall II study) in 20 civil service dep…
Do different measures of early life socioeconomic circumstances predict adult mortality? Evidence from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel studies
BACKGROUND: Father's occupational position, education and height have all been used to examine the effects of adverse early life socioeconomic circumstances on health, but it remains unknown whether they predict mortality equally well. METHODS: We used pooled data on 18,393 men and 7060 women from the Whitehall II and GAZEL cohorts to examine associations between early life socioeconomic circumstances and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. R…
Association of big-5 personality traits with cognitive impairment and dementia: A longitudinal study
Background Personality traits have been liked to cognitive outcomes such as dementia, but whether these associations are robust to the effects of third variables remains the subject of debate. We examined the role of socioeconomic status, depression (history and depressive symptoms), health behaviours and chronic conditions in the association of the big-5 personality traits with cognitive performance, cognitive impairment and incidence of dementi…
Psychosocial factors and public health
acleod and Davey Smith state that the aim of their paper is to critically examine the role of psychosocial factors in health. 1 Unfortunately, what could have been an interesting discussion is compromised by the authors implicit assumption that there is a single pathway linking social position to health. The authors seem to equate parsimonious causal analysis with a narrow, reductionistic perspective, subsequently devoting most of their paper to …
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a long-term predictor of disability pension: A 13-year follow-up of the Gazel cohort study
BACKGROUND: Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict subsequent disability pension (DP). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 20 434 persons employed by the French national gas and electric company (the GAZEL study). New sick-leave spells >7 days in 1990-1992 were obtained from company records. Follow-up for D…
Work disability following major organisational change: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health: A 14-year follow-up in the Gazel cohort
UNLABELLED: background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness a…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves: What is the role of the wave 1 cognitive measure
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
Cultural Variations in Social Sharing of Emotions: An Intercultural Perspective
Prior research has established that the “social sharing” of emotions is an integral part of an emotional experience. Whereas earlier studies have focused on universal features of sharing (e.g., rate, frequency, delay), this study investigates social and relational aspects of sharing hypothesized to be more open to cultural variation. A total of 555 adolescents from the Indian, immigrant Indian, and the English culture recalled episodes of fear, s…
When reciprocity fails: Effort–reward imbalance in relation to coronary heart disease and health functioning within the Whitehall II study
Background: A deleterious psychosocial work environment, as defined by high efforts expended in relation to few rewards reaped, is hypothesised to increase the risk of future poor health outcomes. Aims: To test this hypothesis within a cohort of London based civil servants. Methods: Effort–reward imbalance (ERI) was measured among 6895 male and 3413 female civil servants aged 35–55 during the first phase of the Whitehall II study (1985–88). Parti…
Psychosocial factors and public health
acleod and Davey Smith state that the aim of their paper is to critically examine the role of psychosocial factors in health. 1 Unfortunately, what could have been an interesting discussion is compromised by the authors implicit assumption that there is a single pathway linking social position to health. The authors seem to equate parsimonious causal analysis with a narrow, reductionistic perspective, subsequently devoting most of their paper to …
Leisure activities and cognitive function in middle age: Evidence from the Whitehall II study
Objectives: To test the hypothesis of a positive association, independent of social position, between participation in leisure activities and cognitive function in middle age. The nature of this relation is explored by first classifying leisure activities as entailing high or low cognitive effort, and then classifying them as entailing individual or social activities. Setting: London based office staff (Whitehall II study) in 20 civil service dep…
Subjective social status: Its determinants and its association with measures of ill-health in the Whitehall II study
Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and health outcomes in midlife: Evidence for the accumulation hypothesis?
BACKGROUND: Recent research in social epidemiology has established the importance of considering the accumulation of advantage and disadvantage across the life course when examining adult health outcomes. This paper examines (1) accumulation across trichotomous categories of socioeconomic position (SEP), and (2) accumulation in analysis stratified by adult SEP. METHODS: Data are from the Whitehall II study. Each participant was categorized as hav…
The effect of control at home on CHD events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in CHD
Does Subjective Social Status Predict Health and Change in Health Status Better Than Objective Status
OBJECTIVE: To examine, among middle-aged individuals, if subjective socioeconomic status (SES) predicts health status and change in health status over time better than objective SES. METHODS: Data are from the Whitehall II study, a prospective study of British civil servants. SES data are drawn from Phase 5 (1997-1999) of the study and health data from Phases 5 and 6 (2000-2001). Physical and mental component scores from the Short Form 36, the Ge…
Socialization & health inequalities: Some clarifications. A reply to Kendall & Li, and Siegal & Aboud
Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functioning in Middle Age: Evidence From the Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in middle age. Methods. Data were derived from a prospective occupational cohort study of 10308 civil servants aged 35–55 years at baseline (phase 1; 1985–1988). Physical activity level, categorized as low, medium, or high, was assessed at phases 1, 3 (1991–1994), and 5 (1997–1999). Cognitive functioning was tested at phase 5, when respondents were 46–68 y…
Role of socialization in explaining social inequalities in health
What does self rated health measure? Results from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel cohort studies
Objectives: To investigate the determinants of self rated health (SRH) in men and women in the British Whitehall II study and the French Gazel cohort study. Methods: The cross sectional analyses reported in this paper use data from wave 1 of the Whitehall II study (1985–88) and wave 2 of the Gazel study (1990). Determinants were either self reported or obtained through medical screening and employer’s records. The Whitehall II study is based on 2…
Self-Rated Health and Mortality: Short- and Long-Term Associations in the Whitehall II Study
OBJECTIVES: To determine if self-rated health (SRH), a single-item measure of health status where individuals are asked to rate their own health, predicts mortality in a middle-aged sample and if the predictive ability of SRH diminishes with time. METHODS: Data (6316 men and 3035 women) are drawn from the Whitehall II study. SRH and covariates were measured at baseline (1985-1988) when the average age of individuals was 44.5 years (SD = 6.1). The…
Gender Differences in the Association Between Morbidity and Mortality Among Middle-Aged Men and Women
Objectives. We examined gender differences in mortality, morbidity, and the association between the 2. Methods. We used health data from 2 studies of middle-aged men and women: the British Whitehall II cohort of employees from 20 civil service departments in London and the 1989 French GAZEL (this acronym refers to the French gas and electric companies) of employees of France's national gas and electricity company. Participants were aged 35 to 55 …
Social status and health: A comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in Cardia
Self-rated health before and after retirement in France (Gazel): A cohort study
IQ, Socioeconomic Status, and Early Death: The US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the association between cognitive ability (IQ) and early mortality is mediated by socioeconomic status (SES) or whether the association between SES and mortality reflects a spurious association caused by IQ. METHODS: The participants were from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 11,321). IQ was assessed at age 16 to 23 years and the participants were followed up to 40 to 47 years of age. RESULTS: Control…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves: What is the role of the wave 1 cognitive measure
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Physical and cognitive function in midlife: Reciprocal effects? A 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Cognitive and physical functions are closely linked in old age, but less is known about this association in midlife. Whether cognitive function predicts physical function and whether physical function predicts cognitive function were assessed in middle-aged men and women. METHODS: Data were from Whitehall II, an ongoing large-scale, prospective occupational cohort study of employees from 20 London-based white-collar Civil Service depa…
Using Sickness Absence Records to Predict Future Depression in a Working Population: Prospective Findings From the Gazel Cohort
Objectives. We tested the hypothesis that sickness absence from work predicts workers' risk of later depression. Methods. Study participants (n = 7391) belonged to the French GAZEL cohort of employees of the national gas and electricity company. Sickness absence data (1996–1999) were obtained from company records. Participants' depression in 1996 and 1999 was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. The analyse…
Trends in the association between height and socioeconomic indicators in France, 1970–2003
Work disability following major organisational change: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health: A 14-year follow-up in the Gazel cohort
UNLABELLED: background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness a…
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: A 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Background Although long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health. Method We examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working…
Medicine (37 works) · Demography (24 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (22 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Gerontology (21 works) · Internal Medicine (21 works) · Gerontology (20 works) · Psychiatry (20 works) · Cohort (19 works) · Cohort study (19 works)