Emma Zang
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 185672 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Emma Zang |
| PRENOMES | Emma |
| SOBRENOME | Zang |
| ASSINATURA | ZANG E |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5700-3179 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 111 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2016 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Beyond Lifelong Marriage and Spousal Coresidence
We employ an innovative Bayesian multistate life table approach to examine how race, ethnicity, and sex shape marital status and living arrangements in later life. Using the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2018), we estimate expected years spent in various marital and living arrangements after age 50. Our findings reveal stark disparities: White adults largely follow traditional patterns, spending most of their later years married and living wi…
Disparities in NO2-related health burden prevalent across race-ethnicity and income groups in the United States
Linked Lives
Objectives Our study is among the first to analyze the developmental trajectories of cognitive function at the couple level. Methods Using longitudinal dyadic data obtained from 2,130 heterosexual couples who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2020, we employed the dyadic latent growth curve model to analyze the developmental trajectories of wives’ and husbands’ cognitive function from 2011 to 2018…
Novel indices of state- and county-level social disadvantage in older Americans and disparities in mortality
Regional disparities in cognitive life expectancy
Sex-selective abortion bans and the birth outcomes of Asian immigrants
Upward Mobility Context and Health Outcomes and Behaviors during Transition to Adulthood
This study investigates how upward mobility context affects health during transition to adulthood and its variations by race and sex. Using county-level upward mobility measures and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we apply propensity score weighting techniques to examine these relationships. Results show that low upward mobility context increases the likelihood of poor self-rated health, obesity, and cigarette use but decreases alco…
Revisiting the Occupational Health Impact of Right-to-Work Laws
This research note reevaluates the occupational health impact of right-to-work (RTW) legislation, incorporating recent developments in causal inference techniques. In an era marked by an uptick in the adoption of anti-union legislation and increases in workplace fatalities and injuries, it is particularly urgent to examine the extent to which RTW laws affect workers’ health. Using a state-year-level dataset spanning 28 years and collected from mu…
Patterns in Receiving Informal Help With Childcare Among U.S. Parents During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic-related school and formal childcare closures have increased the demand for informal (i.e., unregulated or unpaid) childcare, including care from nannies, tutors, extended family members, siblings, friends, neighbors, and pandemic pods. Drawing on a novel survey of 1954 U.S. parents, we are the first to examine U.S. parents’ use of informal childcare during the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, approximately 60% of US par…
Impacts of the Covid-19 Lockdown on Gender Inequalities in Time Spent on Paid and Unpaid Work in Singapore
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected gender inequalities in time spent on paid and unpaid work globally. Few studies outside of the Western context (i.e., countries in Australasia, Europe, or the Americas) have used longitudinal data to compare time use before and during the pandemic, focused on potential mechanisms through which the pandemic affects gender inequalities in time use, or examined the heterogeneous effects of socioeconomic status. We …
Parents' Industrial Sectors and Fields of Study
How family background affects students' fields of study across different historical periods in China is not well studied. Post 1949, China explicitly prioritized specific industrial sectors when allocating resources, creating an especially strong reason to expect that the industrial sector in which a parent was employed might strongly influence a child's educational outcomes and career aspirations. Using data from the school registration records …
Parents' work arrangements and gendered time use during the Covid ‐19 pandemic
Objective: This study uses time diaries to examine how parents' work arrangements shaped their time use at home and work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: The pandemic transformed home and work life for parents, disrupting employment and childcare. The shift to work from home offered more flexibility to manage increased care burdens, but the lack of separation between work and family also likely contributed to more challenging work enviro…
Explaining the higher Covid-19 mortality rates among disproportionately Black counties
The COVID-19 mortality gap between Black and non-Black counties was largely explained by pre-pandemic differences in demographic and population health characteristics. Policies aiming to reduce the prevalence of chronic conditions and uninsured residents in Black counties would have helped narrow the COVID-19 mortality gap between Black and non-Black counties in 2020
Beyond parental wealth
Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States
Sibling Spillovers
This paper examines causal sibling spillover effects among students from different family backgrounds in elementary and middle school. Family backgrounds are captured by race, household structure, mothers' educational attainment, and school poverty. Exploiting discontinuities in school starting age created by North Carolina school-entry laws, we adopt a quasi-experimental approach and compare test scores of public school students whose older sibl…
The mobility effects hypothesis
Telecommuting and gender inequalities in parents' paid and unpaid work before and during the Covid ‐19 pandemic
Objective: This study examines the relationship between telecommuting and gender inequalities in parents' time use at home and on the job before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: Telecommuting is a potential strategy for addressing the competing demands of work and home and the gendered ways in which they play out. Limited evidence is mixed, however, on the implications of telecommuting for mothers' and fathers' time in paid and unpai…
Trajectories of General Health Status and Depressive Symptoms Among Persons With Cognitive Impairment in the United States
ObjectivesTo identify and examine heterogeneous trajectories of general health status (GHS) and depressive symptoms (DS) among persons with cognitive impairment (PCIs). Methods: We use group-based trajectory models to study 2361 PCIs for GHS and 1927 PCIs for DS from the National Health and Aging Trends Survey 2011-2018, and apply multinomial logistic regressions to predict identified latent trajectory group memberships using individual character…
Intergenerational income mobility table revisited
There is a long history of studying intergenerational mobility using mobility tables or transition matrices. This approach has two potential limitations: each generation is typically divided into several equally sized income groups based on percentile ranking to create ad-hoc social classes or into predetermined broad occupational groups, and inter- and intragenerational changes in social class are not jointly analyzed. To address these limitatio…
Bayesian Multistate Life Table Methods for Large and Complex State Spaces
Multistate life table methods are an important tool for producing easily understood measures of population health. Most contemporary uses of these methods involve sample data, thus requiring techniques for capturing uncertainty in estimates. In recent decades, several methods have been developed to do so. Among these methods, the Bayesian approach proposed by Lynch and Brown has several unique advantages. However, the approach is limited to estim…
The interplay of race/ethnicity and education in fertility patterns
This study examines the interplay between race/ethnicity and educational attainment in shaping completed fertility in the United States for women born 1961-80. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-17, we apply multilevel, multiprocess hazard models to account for unobserved heterogeneity and to estimate (1) cohort total fertility rates, (2) parity progression ratios, and (3) parity-specific fertility timing, for non-Hispanic…
Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educat…
Intergenerational upward mobility and racial differences in mortality among young adults
Racial/Ethnic and Educational Disparities in the Impact of Diabetes on Population Health Among the U.S.-Born Population
The impact of diabetes on population health varies across racial/ethnic and educational groups. The findings support targeted interventions for vulnerable groups, such as people of color, women, and less-educated individuals
Frustrated Achievers or Satisfied Losers? Inter- and Intragenerational Social Mobility and Happiness in China
How and to what extent is rank mobility associated with happiness of the Chinese population? Does mobility provide insight into the vast numbers of frustrated workers in times of economic growth? To date, few studies have examined the consequences of social mobility on happiness intransitional societies. The present analysis investigates the association of both inter- and intragenerational rank mobility with happiness in China using data from the…
Women's educational attainment and fertility among Generation X in the United States
This study examines whether the fertility of college-educated women is increasing more quickly across cohorts in Generation X than the fertility of their less educated counterparts. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth in the United States, this study examines the educational differentials in fertility levels and timing across four five-year cohorts of 'Generation Xers'. Results reveal that total fertility rates (TFRs) are increas…
Spillover effects of a husband's retirement on a woman's health
The mobility effects hypothesis
Regional differences in the impact of diabetes on population health in the USA
Background To evaluate regional disparities in the influence of diabetes on population health, we examine life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population and life quality among the population with diabetes among native-born Americans by birth region and current residence. Methods Using data on a cohort of 17 686 native-born individuals from the Health and Retirement Survey (1998–2014), we applied a Bayesian mul…
Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Their Discrepancy, and Health
Playing With the Rules and Making Misleading Statements
Version of Record
Intergenerational income mobility table revisited
There is a long history of studying intergenerational mobility using mobility tables or transition matrices. This approach has two potential limitations: each generation is typically divided into several equally sized income groups based on percentile ranking to create ad-hoc social classes or into predetermined broad occupational groups, and inter- and intragenerational changes in social class are not jointly analyzed. To address these limitatio…
Bayesian Multistate Life Table Methods for Large and Complex State Spaces
Multistate life table methods are an important tool for producing easily understood measures of population health. Most contemporary uses of these methods involve sample data, thus requiring techniques for capturing uncertainty in estimates. In recent decades, several methods have been developed to do so. Among these methods, the Bayesian approach proposed by Lynch and Brown has several unique advantages. However, the approach is limited to estim…
Intergenerational upward mobility and racial differences in mortality among young adults
When Family Property Becomes Individual Property
ObjectiveThis study examines the impact of the 2011 judicial interpretation to the Chinese Marriage Law, which altered property rights, on the well-being of husbands and wives.BackgroundAlthough the focus on macro-level gender inequality continues, relatively few studies have focused on intrahousehold gender inequality in China.MethodUsing data from the China Family Panel Studies (80,162 observations of 22,541 individuals), a nationally represent…
Sibling Spillovers
This paper examines causal sibling spillover effects among students from different family backgrounds in elementary and middle school. Family backgrounds are captured by race, household structure, mothers' educational attainment, and school poverty. Exploiting discontinuities in school starting age created by North Carolina school-entry laws, we adopt a quasi-experimental approach and compare test scores of public school students whose older sibl…
Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educat…
Impacts of the Covid-19 Lockdown on Gender Inequalities in Time Spent on Paid and Unpaid Work in Singapore
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected gender inequalities in time spent on paid and unpaid work globally. Few studies outside of the Western context (i.e., countries in Australasia, Europe, or the Americas) have used longitudinal data to compare time use before and during the pandemic, focused on potential mechanisms through which the pandemic affects gender inequalities in time use, or examined the heterogeneous effects of socioeconomic status. We …
Regional disparities in cognitive life expectancy
Patterns in Receiving Informal Help With Childcare Among U.S. Parents During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic-related school and formal childcare closures have increased the demand for informal (i.e., unregulated or unpaid) childcare, including care from nannies, tutors, extended family members, siblings, friends, neighbors, and pandemic pods. Drawing on a novel survey of 1954 U.S. parents, we are the first to examine U.S. parents’ use of informal childcare during the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, approximately 60% of US par…
Beyond parental wealth
Males’ Later-Life Mortality Consequences of Coresidence With Paternal Grandparents
In this study, we investigate the effect of early-life coresidence with paternal grandparents on male mortality risks in adulthood and older age in northeast China from 1789 to 1909. Despite growing interest in the influence of grandparents on child outcomes, few studies have examined the effect of coresidence with grandparents in early life on mortality in later life. We find that coresidence with paternal grandmothers in childhood is associated…
Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States
Racial/Ethnic and Educational Disparities in the Impact of Diabetes on Population Health Among the U.S.-Born Population
The impact of diabetes on population health varies across racial/ethnic and educational groups. The findings support targeted interventions for vulnerable groups, such as people of color, women, and less-educated individuals
Does the sex ratio at sexual maturity affect men's later-life mortality risks? Evidence from historical China
Frustrated Achievers or Satisfied Losers? Inter- and Intragenerational Social Mobility and Happiness in China
How and to what extent is rank mobility associated with happiness of the Chinese population? Does mobility provide insight into the vast numbers of frustrated workers in times of economic growth? To date, few studies have examined the consequences of social mobility on happiness intransitional societies. The present analysis investigates the association of both inter- and intragenerational rank mobility with happiness in China using data from the…
Playing With the Rules and Making Misleading Statements
Version of Record
Males’ Later-Life Mortality Consequences of Coresidence With Paternal Grandparents
In this study, we investigate the effect of early-life coresidence with paternal grandparents on male mortality risks in adulthood and older age in northeast China from 1789 to 1909. Despite growing interest in the influence of grandparents on child outcomes, few studies have examined the effect of coresidence with grandparents in early life on mortality in later life. We find that coresidence with paternal grandmothers in childhood is associated…
Does the sex ratio at sexual maturity affect men's later-life mortality risks? Evidence from historical China
Women's educational attainment and fertility among Generation X in the United States
This study examines whether the fertility of college-educated women is increasing more quickly across cohorts in Generation X than the fertility of their less educated counterparts. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth in the United States, this study examines the educational differentials in fertility levels and timing across four five-year cohorts of 'Generation Xers'. Results reveal that total fertility rates (TFRs) are increas…
Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status, Their Discrepancy, and Health
Spillover effects of a husband's retirement on a woman's health
When Family Property Becomes Individual Property
ObjectiveThis study examines the impact of the 2011 judicial interpretation to the Chinese Marriage Law, which altered property rights, on the well-being of husbands and wives.BackgroundAlthough the focus on macro-level gender inequality continues, relatively few studies have focused on intrahousehold gender inequality in China.MethodUsing data from the China Family Panel Studies (80,162 observations of 22,541 individuals), a nationally represent…
Intergenerational upward mobility and racial differences in mortality among young adults
Racial/Ethnic and Educational Disparities in the Impact of Diabetes on Population Health Among the U.S.-Born Population
The impact of diabetes on population health varies across racial/ethnic and educational groups. The findings support targeted interventions for vulnerable groups, such as people of color, women, and less-educated individuals
Regional differences in the impact of diabetes on population health in the USA
Background To evaluate regional disparities in the influence of diabetes on population health, we examine life expectancies at age 50 between population with diabetes and healthy population and life quality among the population with diabetes among native-born Americans by birth region and current residence. Methods Using data on a cohort of 17 686 native-born individuals from the Health and Retirement Survey (1998–2014), we applied a Bayesian mul…
Telecommuting and gender inequalities in parents' paid and unpaid work before and during the Covid ‐19 pandemic
Objective: This study examines the relationship between telecommuting and gender inequalities in parents' time use at home and on the job before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: Telecommuting is a potential strategy for addressing the competing demands of work and home and the gendered ways in which they play out. Limited evidence is mixed, however, on the implications of telecommuting for mothers' and fathers' time in paid and unpai…
Trajectories of General Health Status and Depressive Symptoms Among Persons With Cognitive Impairment in the United States
ObjectivesTo identify and examine heterogeneous trajectories of general health status (GHS) and depressive symptoms (DS) among persons with cognitive impairment (PCIs). Methods: We use group-based trajectory models to study 2361 PCIs for GHS and 1927 PCIs for DS from the National Health and Aging Trends Survey 2011-2018, and apply multinomial logistic regressions to predict identified latent trajectory group memberships using individual character…
Intergenerational income mobility table revisited
There is a long history of studying intergenerational mobility using mobility tables or transition matrices. This approach has two potential limitations: each generation is typically divided into several equally sized income groups based on percentile ranking to create ad-hoc social classes or into predetermined broad occupational groups, and inter- and intragenerational changes in social class are not jointly analyzed. To address these limitatio…
Bayesian Multistate Life Table Methods for Large and Complex State Spaces
Multistate life table methods are an important tool for producing easily understood measures of population health. Most contemporary uses of these methods involve sample data, thus requiring techniques for capturing uncertainty in estimates. In recent decades, several methods have been developed to do so. Among these methods, the Bayesian approach proposed by Lynch and Brown has several unique advantages. However, the approach is limited to estim…
The interplay of race/ethnicity and education in fertility patterns
This study examines the interplay between race/ethnicity and educational attainment in shaping completed fertility in the United States for women born 1961-80. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-17, we apply multilevel, multiprocess hazard models to account for unobserved heterogeneity and to estimate (1) cohort total fertility rates, (2) parity progression ratios, and (3) parity-specific fertility timing, for non-Hispanic…
Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educat…
Parents' work arrangements and gendered time use during the Covid ‐19 pandemic
Objective: This study uses time diaries to examine how parents' work arrangements shaped their time use at home and work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: The pandemic transformed home and work life for parents, disrupting employment and childcare. The shift to work from home offered more flexibility to manage increased care burdens, but the lack of separation between work and family also likely contributed to more challenging work enviro…
Explaining the higher Covid-19 mortality rates among disproportionately Black counties
The COVID-19 mortality gap between Black and non-Black counties was largely explained by pre-pandemic differences in demographic and population health characteristics. Policies aiming to reduce the prevalence of chronic conditions and uninsured residents in Black counties would have helped narrow the COVID-19 mortality gap between Black and non-Black counties in 2020
Beyond parental wealth
Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States
Sibling Spillovers
This paper examines causal sibling spillover effects among students from different family backgrounds in elementary and middle school. Family backgrounds are captured by race, household structure, mothers' educational attainment, and school poverty. Exploiting discontinuities in school starting age created by North Carolina school-entry laws, we adopt a quasi-experimental approach and compare test scores of public school students whose older sibl…
The mobility effects hypothesis
Revisiting the Occupational Health Impact of Right-to-Work Laws
This research note reevaluates the occupational health impact of right-to-work (RTW) legislation, incorporating recent developments in causal inference techniques. In an era marked by an uptick in the adoption of anti-union legislation and increases in workplace fatalities and injuries, it is particularly urgent to examine the extent to which RTW laws affect workers’ health. Using a state-year-level dataset spanning 28 years and collected from mu…
Patterns in Receiving Informal Help With Childcare Among U.S. Parents During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Pandemic-related school and formal childcare closures have increased the demand for informal (i.e., unregulated or unpaid) childcare, including care from nannies, tutors, extended family members, siblings, friends, neighbors, and pandemic pods. Drawing on a novel survey of 1954 U.S. parents, we are the first to examine U.S. parents’ use of informal childcare during the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, approximately 60% of US par…
Sociology (25 obras) · Medicine (23 obras) · Demography (20 obras) · Psychology (18 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Geography (14 obras) · Gerontology (14 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (13 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Economics (12 obras)