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Rachel Stenger

Biographic Data

ID185904
NAMERachel Stenger
GIVEN NAMESRachel
FAMILY NAMEStenger
SIGNATURESTENGER R
AFFILIATIONSRTI International
ORCID0000-0003-0643-198X
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS3
TOTAL CITATIONS0
AUTHOR COUNT3
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2019
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX0
  • The Urban-Rural Digital Divide in Internet Access and Online Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•K Olson, Angelica Phillips et al.•ARTICLE•Rural Sociology•2025•References: 11

    The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly shifted traditionally in-person interactions to online. Because rural residents historically have lower rates of broadband internet access, they may have been less likely to conduct activities online than their urban counterparts, reflecting geographic digital inequalities. We examine whether residents of rural areas are less likely than residents of urban areas to have internet access, conduct various activities onl…

  • Comparing Readability Measures and Computer-assisted Question Evaluation Tools for Self-administered Survey Questions

    Open Access•Rachel Stenger, K Olson et al.•ARTICLE•CAM•2023•References: 17

    Questionnaire designers use readability measures to ensure that questions can be understood by the target population. The most common measure is the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, but other formulas exist. This article compares six different readability measures across 150 questions in a self-administered questionnaire, finding notable variation in calculated readability across measures. Some question formats, including those that are part of a batt…

  • Estimation of Random Coefficient Multilevel Models in the Context of Small Numbers of Level 2 Clusters

    Open Access•Jocelyn H Bolin, W Holmes Finch et al.•ARTICLE•Educational and Psychological…•2019

    Multilevel data are a reality for many disciplines. Currently, although multiple options exist for the treatment of multilevel data, most disciplines strictly adhere to one method for multilevel data regardless of the specific research design circumstances. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study is to compare several methods for the treatment of multilevel data specifically when there is random coefficient variation in small samples. Th…

No prominent works on this page.

  • Estimation of Random Coefficient Multilevel Models in the Context of Small Numbers of Level 2 Clusters

    Open Access•Jocelyn H Bolin, W Holmes Finch et al.•ARTICLE•Educational and Psychological…•2019

    Multilevel data are a reality for many disciplines. Currently, although multiple options exist for the treatment of multilevel data, most disciplines strictly adhere to one method for multilevel data regardless of the specific research design circumstances. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study is to compare several methods for the treatment of multilevel data specifically when there is random coefficient variation in small samples. Th…

  • Comparing Readability Measures and Computer-assisted Question Evaluation Tools for Self-administered Survey Questions

    Open Access•Rachel Stenger, K Olson et al.•ARTICLE•CAM•2023•References: 17

    Questionnaire designers use readability measures to ensure that questions can be understood by the target population. The most common measure is the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, but other formulas exist. This article compares six different readability measures across 150 questions in a self-administered questionnaire, finding notable variation in calculated readability across measures. Some question formats, including those that are part of a batt…

  • The Urban-Rural Digital Divide in Internet Access and Online Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•K Olson, Angelica Phillips et al.•ARTICLE•Rural Sociology•2025•References: 11

    The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly shifted traditionally in-person interactions to online. Because rural residents historically have lower rates of broadband internet access, they may have been less likely to conduct activities online than their urban counterparts, reflecting geographic digital inequalities. We examine whether residents of rural areas are less likely than residents of urban areas to have internet access, conduct various activities onl…

Medicine (3 works) · Computer Science (2 works) · 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak (1 work) · Context (archaeology) (1 work) · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 (1 work) · Digital divide (1 work) · Digital Economy and Work Transformation (1 work) · Econometrics (1 work) · Economic growth (1 work) · Economics (1 work)

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