Amelia M Haviland
Biographic Data
| ID | 187578 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amelia M Haviland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amelia M |
| FAMILY NAME | Haviland |
| SIGNATURE | HAVILAND A M |
| AFFILIATIONS | RAND Corporation |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1068-4031 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 93 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Comparison of Alternative Approaches to Using Race-and-Ethnicity Data in Estimating Differences in Health Care and Social Determinants of Health
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare 2 approaches for representing self-reported race-and-ethnicity, additive modeling (AM), in which every race or ethnicity a person endorses counts toward measurement of that category, and a commonly used mutually exclusive categorization (MEC) approach. The benchmark was a gold-standard, but often impractical approach that analyzes all combinations of race-and-ethnicity as distinct groups. METH…
Consistency in Self-Reported Race-and-Ethnicity Over Time
BACKGROUND: Medicare Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (MBISG), which augments an imperfect race-and-ethnicity administrative variable to estimate probabilities that people would self-identify as being in each of 6 mutually exclusive racial-and-ethnic groups, performs very well for Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AA&NHPI), Black, Hispanic, and White race-and-ethnicity, somewhat less well for American Indian/Alaska Nativ…
Rural disparities in the quality of clinical care are notable and larger for males
PURPOSE: To investigate whether rural-urban differences in quality of care for Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees vary between females and males. METHODS: Data for this study came from the 2019 Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Linear regression was used to investigate urban-rural differences in individual MA enrollee scores on 34 clinical care measures grouped into 7 categories, and how those differences varied by sex (through ev…
Association of Medicare Advantage Premiums With Measures of Quality and Patient Experience
This population-based cross-sectional study found that although quality of care and patient experience were slightly higher with higher-premium plans, quality varied widely within each premium category. High-quality care and patient experience were found in each price category. Thus, paying higher premiums is not necessary for higher quality care in Medicare Advantage plans. Greater engagement of enrollees and advocates with quality of care and p…
Patient Experience for Hispanic Older Adults Varies by Language Preference
BACKGROUND: Hispanic people with Medicare report worse patient experiences than non-Hispanic White counterparts. However, little research examines how these disparities may vary by language preference (English/Spanish). OBJECTIVES: Using Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey data, assess whether 2014-2018 disparities in patient experiences for Hispanic people with Medicare vary by language preference. RES…
Disparities in Care Experienced by Older Hispanic Medicare Beneficiaries in Urban and Rural Areas
BACKGROUND: Hispanic older adults face substantial health disparities compared with non-Hispanic-White (hereafter "White") older adults. To the extent that these disparities stem from cultural and language barriers faced by Hispanic people, they may be compounded by residence in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate possible interactions between Hispanic ethnicity and rural residence in predicting the health care …
The Contribution of First-name Information to the Accuracy of Racial-and-Ethnic Imputations Varies by Sex and Race-and-Ethnicity Among Medicare Beneficiaries
BACKGROUND: Data on race-and-ethnicity that are needed to measure health equity are often limited or missing. The importance of first name and sex in predicting race-and-ethnicity is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the contribution of first-name information to the accuracy of basic and more complex racial-and-ethnic imputations that incorporate surname information. RESEARCH DESIGN: We imputed race-and-et…
Measuring Racial Disparities in Police Use of Force
Gender Differences in Patient Experience Across Medicare Advantage Plans
Disparities in Care Experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native Medicare Beneficiaries
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the health care experiences of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) due to limited data. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the health care experiences of AIAN Medicare beneficiaries relative to non-Hispanic Whites using national survey data pooled over 5 years. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,193,248 beneficiaries who responded to the nationally representative 2012-2016 Medicare Consumer Ass…
Differences in Hospitalizations Between Fee-for-Service and Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries
BACKGROUND: Previous studies found lower hospitalization rates for enrollees in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans than for beneficiaries with fee-for-service (FFS) coverage. MA enrollment is increasing, especially for those newly eligible for Medicare, but little is known about how service use in FFS or MA differs for new beneficiaries. OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in rates of hospitalization between MA and FFS. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective …
Medicare Beneficiaries With a Specialist as Their Personal Doctor Report Better Experiences With Care
BACKGROUND: Health plans often require that patients have a personal doctor. Older adults rely on specialists for much of their care and may use a specialist in this role, but little is known about how many or which Medicare beneficiaries use specialists as their personal doctor and how their care experiences differ from others'. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries with a specialist as a personal doc…
Indirect Estimation of Race/Ethnicity for Survey Respondents Who Do Not Report Race/Ethnicity
It may be worthwhile to impute race/ethnicity when this information is unavailable in survey data sets due to item nonresponse, especially when missingness is high
A Comparison of Methods for Classifying and Modeling Respondents Who Endorse Multiple Racial/Ethnic Categories
BACKGROUND: Race/ethnicity information is vital for measuring disparities across groups, and self-report is the gold standard. Many surveys assign simplified race/ethnicity based on responses to separate questions about Hispanic ethnicity and race and instruct respondents to "check all that apply." When multiple races are endorsed, standard classification methods either create a single heterogenous multiracial group, or attempt to impute the sing…
Mean Streets and Mental Health
This study explores the relationship between mental health and place at microgeographic units of analysis. We examine self‐reported symptomology for depression and PTSD for 2,724 survey respondents interviewed in three types of randomly selected street segments: violent crime hot spots, cool spots, and cold spots. We find that the mean symptomology score is 61% higher for depression in violent crime hot spots than cold spots, and 85% higher for P…
Care Experiences Among Medicare Beneficiaries With and Without a Personal Physician
BACKGROUND: Having a "personal" physician is a critical element to care continuity. Little is known about which older adults are more likely to lack personal physicians and if their care experiences differ from those with a personal physician. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe care experiences and characteristics associated with not having a personal physician. RESEARCH DESIGN: We compare rates of lacking a personal physician…
Speaking Up and Walking Out
BACKGROUND: Disparities in clinical process-of-care and patient experiences are well documented for Medicare beneficiaries with ≥1 social risk factors. If such patients are less willing to express disagreement with their doctors or change doctors when dissatisfied, these behaviors may play a role in observed disparities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between social risk factors and self-reported likelihood of disagreeing with or chang…
What Matters Most to Whom
BACKGROUND: Some aspects of patient experience are more strongly related to overall ratings of care than others, reflecting their importance to patients. However, little is known about whether the importance of different aspects of this experience differs across subgroups. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the aspects of health care most important to patients differ according to patient race, ethnicity, and language preference. RESEARCH DESIGN: In…
How Much Do Additional Mailings and Telephone Calls Contribute to Response Rates in a Survey of Medicare Beneficiaries
Surveys often spend substantial money on multiple mailings and telephone calls to ensure high overall response rates and adequate representation of hard-to-reach demographic subgroups. We examine the extent to which an additional mailing and additional sets of telephone calls are effective in attaining these goals across a variety of subgroups in a large, national multimode survey of Medicare beneficiaries. We also examine the relative data quali…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Medicare Experiences and Immunization
Background: Although Medicare provides beneficiaries with primary access to the health care system, racial/ethnic disparities in health care experiences and preventive care are well documented in the Medicare population. Objective: To investigate disease burden and its possible impact on racial/ethnic health disparities for measures of secondary and tertiary access to health care, such as access to health plan information, obtaining recommended c…
Does Naming the Focal Plan in a CAHPS Survey of Health Care Quality Affect Response Rates and Beneficiary Evaluations
Are There Differences in the Medicare Experiences of Beneficiaries in Puerto Rico Compared with Those in the U.S. Mainland
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the healthcare experiences of Medicare beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. OBJECTIVES: We compare the experiences of elderly Medicare beneficiaries in Puerto Rico with their English-preferring and Spanish-preferring Medicare counterparts in the U.S. mainland. RESEARCH DESIGN: Linear regression models compared mean Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores for these groups, using cross-sectional dat…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Medicare Part D Experiences
OBJECTIVE: To examine racial/ethnic differences in Medicare beneficiary experiences with Medicare Part D prescription drug (PD) coverage. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: 2008 Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems survey of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. STUDY DESIGN: Surveys were administered by mail with phone follow-up to a nationally representative sample (61% response rate). This study examines 201,496 beneficiaries of age 65 and…
Measuring Success for Health Care Quality Improvement Interventions
BACKGROUND: The lack of a standard measure of quality improvement (QI) success and the use of subjective or self-reported measures of QI success has constrained efforts to formally evaluate QI programs and to understand how the various contextual factors impact QI success. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess how best to measure "QI success" by comparing self-reported and externally rated measures of QI success. RESEARCH DESIGN: …
Does the Time Cause the Crime? An Examination of the Relationship Between Time Served and Reoffending in the Netherlands
This work uses a sample of Dutch offenders, serving an average of 6.7 months of confinement, to examine the relationship between time served in prison and future criminality. To overcome the selection issues inherent in this examination, this article introduces a new method to the criminological literature that relies on a generalization of the propensity score to control for observed differences in offenders sentenced to different periods of con…
Unpacking the Relationship Between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behavior
A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐b…
Combining group-based trajectory modeling and propensity score matching for causal inferences in nonexperimental longitudinal data
A central theme of research on human development and psychopathology is whether a therapeutic intervention or a turning-point event, such as a family break-up, alters the trajectory of the behavior under study. This article describes and applies a method for using observational longitudinal data to make more transparent causal inferences about the impact of such events on developmental trajectories. The method combines 2 distinct lines of researc…
Mean Streets and Mental Health
This study explores the relationship between mental health and place at microgeographic units of analysis. We examine self‐reported symptomology for depression and PTSD for 2,724 survey respondents interviewed in three types of randomly selected street segments: violent crime hot spots, cool spots, and cold spots. We find that the mean symptomology score is 61% higher for depression in violent crime hot spots than cold spots, and 85% higher for P…
Group-based Trajectory Modeling Extended to Account for Nonrandom Participant Attrition
This article reports on an extension of group-based trajectory modeling to address nonrandom participant attrition or truncation due to death that varies across trajectory groups. The effects of the model extension are explored in both simulated and real data. The analyses of simulated data establish that estimates of trajectory group size as measured by group membership probabilities can be badly biased by differential attrition rates across gro…
Does the Time Cause the Crime? An Examination of the Relationship Between Time Served and Reoffending in the Netherlands
This work uses a sample of Dutch offenders, serving an average of 6.7 months of confinement, to examine the relationship between time served in prison and future criminality. To overcome the selection issues inherent in this examination, this article introduces a new method to the criminological literature that relies on a generalization of the propensity score to control for observed differences in offenders sentenced to different periods of con…
To What Degree Does Food Assistance Help Poor Households Acquire Enough Food? A Joint Examination of Public and Private Sources of Food Assistance
We study the efficacy of public and private food assistance in alleviating food shortages among poor households by jointly considering the effects of all major forms of domestic food assistance–the Food Stamp Program, WIC, and food pantries. The analyses are based on detailed data collected in 1993 from 398 low-income households in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. We examine the effect each of the widely available forms of food assistance has on h…
Measuring the Performance of Telephone-Based Disease Surveillance Systems in Local Health Departments
Objectives. We tested telephone-based disease surveillance systems in local health departments to identify system characteristics associated with consistent and timely responses to urgent case reports. Methods. We identified a stratified random sample of 74 health departments and conducted a series of unannounced tests of their telephone-based surveillance systems. We used regression analyses to identify system characteristics that predicted fast…
To What Degree Does Food Assistance Help Poor Households Acquire Enough Food? A Joint Examination of Public and Private Sources of Food Assistance
We study the efficacy of public and private food assistance in alleviating food shortages among poor households by jointly considering the effects of all major forms of domestic food assistance–the Food Stamp Program, WIC, and food pantries. The analyses are based on detailed data collected in 1993 from 398 low-income households in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. We examine the effect each of the widely available forms of food assistance has on h…
Why Do Minority Men Earn Less? A Study of Wage Differentials among the Highly Educated
We estimate wage gaps using nonparametric matching methods and detailed measures of field of study for university graduates. We find a modest portion of the wage gap is the consequence of measurement error in the Census education measure. For Hispanic and Asian men, the remaining gap is attributable to premarket factors—primarily differences in formal education and English language proficiency. For black men, only about one-quarter of the wage ga…
Unpacking the Relationship Between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behavior
A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐b…
Measuring the Performance of Telephone-Based Disease Surveillance Systems in Local Health Departments
Objectives. We tested telephone-based disease surveillance systems in local health departments to identify system characteristics associated with consistent and timely responses to urgent case reports. Methods. We identified a stratified random sample of 74 health departments and conducted a series of unannounced tests of their telephone-based surveillance systems. We used regression analyses to identify system characteristics that predicted fast…
Combining group-based trajectory modeling and propensity score matching for causal inferences in nonexperimental longitudinal data
A central theme of research on human development and psychopathology is whether a therapeutic intervention or a turning-point event, such as a family break-up, alters the trajectory of the behavior under study. This article describes and applies a method for using observational longitudinal data to make more transparent causal inferences about the impact of such events on developmental trajectories. The method combines 2 distinct lines of researc…
Victimization from mental and physical bullying and substance use in early adolescence
Patient Activation Status as a Predictor of Patient Experience Among Medicare Beneficiaries
BACKGROUND: Patient activation status (PAS) can be identified using the Medicare Segmentation Screening Tool, a 2-item measure assessing patients' health skills and motivation to participate in their own care. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether PAS is predictive of Medicare beneficiary health care experiences with health providers and insurance plans after case-mix adjustment. RESEARCH DESIGN: Linear regression models examined the association betwee…
Composite Estimates from Incomplete and Complete Frames for Minimum-Mse Estimation in a Rare Population
Journal Article Composite Estimates from Incomplete and Complete Frames for Minimum-Mse Estimation in a Rare Population: An Application to Families with Young Children Get access Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar Address correspondence to Marc N. Elliott; e-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marc N. Elliott, Marc N. Elliott Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Ac…
Does the Time Cause the Crime? An Examination of the Relationship Between Time Served and Reoffending in the Netherlands
This work uses a sample of Dutch offenders, serving an average of 6.7 months of confinement, to examine the relationship between time served in prison and future criminality. To overcome the selection issues inherent in this examination, this article introduces a new method to the criminological literature that relies on a generalization of the propensity score to control for observed differences in offenders sentenced to different periods of con…
Group-based Trajectory Modeling Extended to Account for Nonrandom Participant Attrition
This article reports on an extension of group-based trajectory modeling to address nonrandom participant attrition or truncation due to death that varies across trajectory groups. The effects of the model extension are explored in both simulated and real data. The analyses of simulated data establish that estimates of trajectory group size as measured by group membership probabilities can be badly biased by differential attrition rates across gro…
Are There Differences in the Medicare Experiences of Beneficiaries in Puerto Rico Compared with Those in the U.S. Mainland
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the healthcare experiences of Medicare beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. OBJECTIVES: We compare the experiences of elderly Medicare beneficiaries in Puerto Rico with their English-preferring and Spanish-preferring Medicare counterparts in the U.S. mainland. RESEARCH DESIGN: Linear regression models compared mean Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores for these groups, using cross-sectional dat…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Medicare Part D Experiences
OBJECTIVE: To examine racial/ethnic differences in Medicare beneficiary experiences with Medicare Part D prescription drug (PD) coverage. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: 2008 Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems survey of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. STUDY DESIGN: Surveys were administered by mail with phone follow-up to a nationally representative sample (61% response rate). This study examines 201,496 beneficiaries of age 65 and…
Measuring Success for Health Care Quality Improvement Interventions
BACKGROUND: The lack of a standard measure of quality improvement (QI) success and the use of subjective or self-reported measures of QI success has constrained efforts to formally evaluate QI programs and to understand how the various contextual factors impact QI success. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess how best to measure "QI success" by comparing self-reported and externally rated measures of QI success. RESEARCH DESIGN: …
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Medicare Experiences and Immunization
Background: Although Medicare provides beneficiaries with primary access to the health care system, racial/ethnic disparities in health care experiences and preventive care are well documented in the Medicare population. Objective: To investigate disease burden and its possible impact on racial/ethnic health disparities for measures of secondary and tertiary access to health care, such as access to health plan information, obtaining recommended c…
Does Naming the Focal Plan in a CAHPS Survey of Health Care Quality Affect Response Rates and Beneficiary Evaluations
How Much Do Additional Mailings and Telephone Calls Contribute to Response Rates in a Survey of Medicare Beneficiaries
Surveys often spend substantial money on multiple mailings and telephone calls to ensure high overall response rates and adequate representation of hard-to-reach demographic subgroups. We examine the extent to which an additional mailing and additional sets of telephone calls are effective in attaining these goals across a variety of subgroups in a large, national multimode survey of Medicare beneficiaries. We also examine the relative data quali…
What Matters Most to Whom
BACKGROUND: Some aspects of patient experience are more strongly related to overall ratings of care than others, reflecting their importance to patients. However, little is known about whether the importance of different aspects of this experience differs across subgroups. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the aspects of health care most important to patients differ according to patient race, ethnicity, and language preference. RESEARCH DESIGN: In…
Mean Streets and Mental Health
This study explores the relationship between mental health and place at microgeographic units of analysis. We examine self‐reported symptomology for depression and PTSD for 2,724 survey respondents interviewed in three types of randomly selected street segments: violent crime hot spots, cool spots, and cold spots. We find that the mean symptomology score is 61% higher for depression in violent crime hot spots than cold spots, and 85% higher for P…
Care Experiences Among Medicare Beneficiaries With and Without a Personal Physician
BACKGROUND: Having a "personal" physician is a critical element to care continuity. Little is known about which older adults are more likely to lack personal physicians and if their care experiences differ from those with a personal physician. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe care experiences and characteristics associated with not having a personal physician. RESEARCH DESIGN: We compare rates of lacking a personal physician…
Speaking Up and Walking Out
BACKGROUND: Disparities in clinical process-of-care and patient experiences are well documented for Medicare beneficiaries with ≥1 social risk factors. If such patients are less willing to express disagreement with their doctors or change doctors when dissatisfied, these behaviors may play a role in observed disparities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between social risk factors and self-reported likelihood of disagreeing with or chang…
Differences in Hospitalizations Between Fee-for-Service and Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries
BACKGROUND: Previous studies found lower hospitalization rates for enrollees in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans than for beneficiaries with fee-for-service (FFS) coverage. MA enrollment is increasing, especially for those newly eligible for Medicare, but little is known about how service use in FFS or MA differs for new beneficiaries. OBJECTIVE: To compare differences in rates of hospitalization between MA and FFS. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective …
Medicare Beneficiaries With a Specialist as Their Personal Doctor Report Better Experiences With Care
BACKGROUND: Health plans often require that patients have a personal doctor. Older adults rely on specialists for much of their care and may use a specialist in this role, but little is known about how many or which Medicare beneficiaries use specialists as their personal doctor and how their care experiences differ from others'. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries with a specialist as a personal doc…
Indirect Estimation of Race/Ethnicity for Survey Respondents Who Do Not Report Race/Ethnicity
It may be worthwhile to impute race/ethnicity when this information is unavailable in survey data sets due to item nonresponse, especially when missingness is high
A Comparison of Methods for Classifying and Modeling Respondents Who Endorse Multiple Racial/Ethnic Categories
BACKGROUND: Race/ethnicity information is vital for measuring disparities across groups, and self-report is the gold standard. Many surveys assign simplified race/ethnicity based on responses to separate questions about Hispanic ethnicity and race and instruct respondents to "check all that apply." When multiple races are endorsed, standard classification methods either create a single heterogenous multiracial group, or attempt to impute the sing…
Gender Differences in Patient Experience Across Medicare Advantage Plans
Medicine (24 works) · Demography (17 works) · Psychology (15 works) · Ethnic group (14 works) · Health care (12 works) · Gerontology (11 works) · Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare (11 works) · Gerontology (10 works) · Healthcare Policy and Management (10 works) · Sociology (9 works)