Steven R Holloway
Biographic Data
| ID | 188980 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steven R Holloway |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steven R |
| FAMILY NAME | Holloway |
| SIGNATURE | HOLLOWAY S R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Georgia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8336-8454 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 436 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Underestimating Racism? Decoupling Race and Redlining
A rapidly expanding body of research has sought to connect the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation’s (HOLC) so-called redlining maps to a wide array of present-day social injustices. The assertion is that these maps helped entrench emerging cogeographies of racial segregation and devaluation that have continued to reproduce racial-spatial inequities through time. We argue that such arguments likely underestimate the ongoing power of racism by narrowly …
Mixed measures: Different definitions of racially diverse neighborhoods compared
Focusing on neighborhoods that researchers consider particularly diverse, this paper assesses the ways scholars have characterized neighborhood racial diversity in the United States. Social scientists use a variety of methods to define and measure highly racially diverse places, resulting in a single label being used to capture very different aspects of a census tract's racial demography. We examine the criteria used to classify neighborhood raci…
Evacuees and Migrants Exhibit Different Migration Systems After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Research on the destinations of environmentally induced migrants has found simultaneous migration to both nearby and long-distance destinations, most likely caused by the comingling of evacuee and permanent migrant data. Using a unique data set of separate evacuee and migration destinations, we compare and contrast the pre-, peri-, and post-disaster migration systems of permanent migrants and temporary evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake …
The Limits of Homeownership: Racial Capitalism, Black Wealth, and the Appreciation Gap in Atlanta
In the wake of the 2007-08 housing crash, the Black-white wealth gap reached a staggering 20 to 1. Since then, a growing chorus of influential voices has proposed measures to increase the Black homeownership rate as a means to narrow the gap. Others, however, have argued that the uneven racial geography of home price appreciation necessarily restricts the degree to which Black households, in the aggregate, can build wealth via homeownership. We a…
The Instability of Highly Racially Diverse Residential Neighborhoods in the United States
This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse…
Predicting neighborhood racial change in large US metropolitan areas, 1990–2010
Neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas experienced dramatic changes in racial composition during the 1990s and again during the 2000s. We ask to what extent does the recent period of neighborhood racial change reflect an extension of the local processes operative in the 1990s, processes characteristic of large metropolitan areas or the nation more generally, or reflect new dynamics. After classifying neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas into di…
Residential Segregation
Residential segregation characterizes contemporary cities and has a long historical precedent. It is global in reach and is changing form in response to global economic changes. Racial residential segregation receives the greatest scholarly attention because it was imposed by blatantly discriminatory actions. Black−white segregation has declined in US cities, but remains the highest of any group. Asian and Hispanic segregation has remained relati…
Remaking white residential segregation: Metropolitan diversity and neighborhood change in the United States
Between 1990 and 2010, the white population share in US metropolitan areas fell from 73.5 percent to 60.3 percent. This paper explores how this decline affected the number and composition of white census tracts (tracts in which non-Latino whites constitute the largest group). In 1990, white tracts comprised 82 percent of all metropolitan tracts. By 2010, this percentage had fallen to 70 percent, paralleling the percentage point drop in white popu…
Patterns of Racial Diversity and Segregation in the United States: 1990–2010
The growing ethnic and racial diversity of the United States is evident at all spatial scales. One of the striking features of this new mixture of peoples, however, is that this new diversity often occurs in tandem with racial concentration. This article surveys these new geographies from four points of view: the nation as a whole, states, large metropolitan areas, and neighborhoods. The analysis at each scale relies on a new taxonomy of racial c…
Gender and the Neighborhood Location of Mixed-Race Couples
Gender asymmetry in mixed-race heterosexual partnerships and marriages is common. For instance, black men marry or partner with white women at a far higher rate than white men marry or partner with black women. This article asks if such gender asymmetries relate to the racial character of the neighborhoods in which households headed by mixed-race couples live. Gendered power imbalances within households generally play into decisions about where t…
The Racially Fragmented City? Neighborhood Racial Segregation and Diversity Jointly Considered
This article reflects on the racial configuration of urban space. Previous research tends to posit racial segregation and diversity as either endpoints on a continuum of racial dominance or mirror images of one another. We argue that segregation and diversity must be jointly understood; they are necessarily related, although not inevitably as binary opposites. Our view is that the neighborhood geographies of U.S. metropolitan areas are simultaneo…
Mapping the evolution of racially mixed and segregated neighborhoods in Chicago
The Chicago metropolitan region consists of a spatially complex mosaic of neighborhoods, in which measures of racial and ethnic composition vary dramatically. Understanding these patterns and their evolution has been hindered by ambiguities in the use of terms like ‘diverse’ or ‘segregated’, which are often posited as opposite ends of a one-dimensional scale. Using a new taxonomy of neighborhood composition, we have mapped the evolving patterns o…
Agents of Change: Mixed-Race Households and the Dynamics of Neighborhood Segregation in the United States
This article explores the effects of mixed-race household formation on trends in neighborhood-scale racial segregation. Census data show that these effects are nontrivial in relation to the magnitude of decadal changes in residential segregation. An agent-based model illustrates the potential long-run impacts of rising numbers of mixed-race households on measures of neighborhood-scale segregation. It reveals that high rates of mixed-race househol…
Reconsidering both Diversity and Segregation: A Reply to Poulsen, Johnston and Forrest, and to Peach
The recent debate in JEMS between Ceri Peach on the one hand, and Mike Poulsen, Ron Johnston and James Forrest (henceforth PJF) on the other, has two main foci, one narrow and the other broad. The
Where Black-White Couples Live
This study analyzes where households headed by Black-White, mixed-race couples live in cities. Using 2000 confidential U.S. Census data, we investigate whether Black-White households in 12 large U.S. metropolitan areas are more likely to be found in racially diverse neighborhoods than households headed by White or Black couples. Map analysis shows that concentrations of Black-White headed households are most often found in moderately diverse Whit…
Transnational Tense: Immigration and Inequality in American Housing Markets
Spatial assimilation theory, the traditional framework for analysing urban immigration and housing, was deeply shaped by the historical–geographic contingencies of American urbanism in the 1950s and 1960s. Yet the most recent and forceful challenge to assimilationist research—transnational urbanism—is also influenced by distinctive contemporary circumstances and epistemological priorities, creating a tense and unproductive dichotomy. We contend t…
Place, scale and the racial claims made for multiracial children in the 1990 US Census
Multiracial children embody ambiguities inherent in racial categorization and expose fictions of discrete races. Nevertheless, parents of multiracial children were asked for the 1990 US Census to report a single race for their offspring. Using confidential 1990 Census micro-data, we investigate the choices parents made for the three most common racially mixed household types (Asian-white, black-white and Latino-white) in twelve large metropolitan…
The Effects of Mixed-Race Households on Residential Segregation
This paper investigates how household-scale racial mixing affects measurements of neighborhood-scale racial segregation. This topic is increasingly important as mixed-race households are becoming more common across the United States. Specifically, our research asks two questions: What is the sensitivity of neighborhood racial segregation measures to levels of household-scale racial mixing? And what is the relationship between neighborhood racial …
Partnering ‘out’ and fitting in: Residential segregation and the neighbourhood contexts of mixed‐race households
This analysis considers how racial segregation affects the residential geographies of households headed by mixed‐race couples. We also become interested in assessing whether diverse households live in diverse places. To measure neighbourhood diversity, we develop a new index of diversity based on the exposure index. The analysis of 12 large US metropolitan areas finds that race (in tandem with status markers like income) and nativity provide some…
Places of possibility: Where mixed-race partners meet
Although mixed-race partnering in the United States is on the rise, scholars have paid scant attention to where people of `differently racialized parentage' (Ifekwunigwe, 2001: 46) actually meet. In an effort to help fill this gap, this paper (1) offers an overview of current scholarship on places of encounter and (2) aims to provide a blueprint for future research that will explicitly interrogate where mixed-race partners meet. We organize our s…
New Immigrant Geographies of United States Metropolitan Areas
Immigration and urbanization in the United States have always been deeply intertwined. It is impossible to understand the evolution of American cities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries without reference to immigration, which fundamentally shaped the economic, social, political, and spatial structure of metropolitan regions. At the same time, the nature of these cities and their surrounding areas had a deep impact on the experiences of imm…
Organizing Diversity: Scales of Demographic Change and Neighborhood Organizing in St Paul, MN
Neighborhood involvement in urban governance remains a pressing goal in an era of globalization. Cities have instituted a variety of structures to facilitate this involvement, including quasi-formal neighborhood or district councils. At the same time, urban populations are changing rapidly because of multiple dynamics operating at multiple scales. Immigration, for example, continues to transform inner-city neighborhoods despite the emergence of s…
The Effect of Adolescent Neighborhood Poverty on Adult Employment
Neighborhood environments affect the long-term labor market success of America’s urban youth. Urban poverty grew more spatially concentrated during the 1970s and 1980s as industrial economies dramatically restructured. Some policies attempted to address the problems of impoverished neighborhoods by stimulating in-situ economic development, while others sought to geographically disperse the poor. Poverty grew less concentrated during the 1990s bec…
Crossing racial lines: Geographies of mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the United States
This review highlights geographical perspectives on mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the United States, explicitly calling for increased analysis at the scale of the mixed-race household. We begin with a discussion of mixed-race rhetoric and then sketch contemporary trends in mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the US. We also weave in considerations of the public and the private and the genealogical and social constructions of…
Contingent Urban Geographies of Violent Crime: Racial Segregation and the Impact of Public Housing in Atlanta
Neighborhood variations in crime incidence rates are most commonly interpreted through the lens of social disorganization theory, or a "communities and crime" perspective. This approach typically articulates explanation for crime by focusing on the characteristics of communities—a unitary scale most commonly equated with neighborhoods. We argue that this perspective fails to recognize the importance of broader urban geographic contexts, and offer…
Identity, contingency and the urban geography of 'race
Traditional research in urban geography concerned with issues of 'race' has focused on a series of substantively important issues, yet with conceptual foundation inadequate to the task. Specifically, this body of work has employed outdated and theoretically limited conceptions of identity without sufficient consideration to the importance of historical and geographic contingency. I argue in this essay that topics of traditional concern to urban g…
Partnering ‘out’ and fitting in: Residential segregation and the neighbourhood contexts of mixed‐race households
This analysis considers how racial segregation affects the residential geographies of households headed by mixed‐race couples. We also become interested in assessing whether diverse households live in diverse places. To measure neighbourhood diversity, we develop a new index of diversity based on the exposure index. The analysis of 12 large US metropolitan areas finds that race (in tandem with status markers like income) and nativity provide some…
The Limits of Homeownership: Racial Capitalism, Black Wealth, and the Appreciation Gap in Atlanta
In the wake of the 2007-08 housing crash, the Black-white wealth gap reached a staggering 20 to 1. Since then, a growing chorus of influential voices has proposed measures to increase the Black homeownership rate as a means to narrow the gap. Others, however, have argued that the uneven racial geography of home price appreciation necessarily restricts the degree to which Black households, in the aggregate, can build wealth via homeownership. We a…
Places of possibility: Where mixed-race partners meet
Although mixed-race partnering in the United States is on the rise, scholars have paid scant attention to where people of `differently racialized parentage' (Ifekwunigwe, 2001: 46) actually meet. In an effort to help fill this gap, this paper (1) offers an overview of current scholarship on places of encounter and (2) aims to provide a blueprint for future research that will explicitly interrogate where mixed-race partners meet. We organize our s…
Remaking white residential segregation: Metropolitan diversity and neighborhood change in the United States
Between 1990 and 2010, the white population share in US metropolitan areas fell from 73.5 percent to 60.3 percent. This paper explores how this decline affected the number and composition of white census tracts (tracts in which non-Latino whites constitute the largest group). In 1990, white tracts comprised 82 percent of all metropolitan tracts. By 2010, this percentage had fallen to 70 percent, paralleling the percentage point drop in white popu…
Where Black-White Couples Live
This study analyzes where households headed by Black-White, mixed-race couples live in cities. Using 2000 confidential U.S. Census data, we investigate whether Black-White households in 12 large U.S. metropolitan areas are more likely to be found in racially diverse neighborhoods than households headed by White or Black couples. Map analysis shows that concentrations of Black-White headed households are most often found in moderately diverse Whit…
The Effect of Adolescent Neighborhood Poverty on Adult Employment
Neighborhood environments affect the long-term labor market success of America’s urban youth. Urban poverty grew more spatially concentrated during the 1970s and 1980s as industrial economies dramatically restructured. Some policies attempted to address the problems of impoverished neighborhoods by stimulating in-situ economic development, while others sought to geographically disperse the poor. Poverty grew less concentrated during the 1990s bec…
Exploring the Effect of Public Housing on the Concentration of Poverty in Columbus, Ohio
Using boundary-matched 1980 and 1990 census tract data for the central county of the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area, the authors explore the effect that public housing has on changes in neighborhood poverty rates to evaluate the impact of governmental and institutional actions on recent increases in poverty concentration within urban areas. Three important findings emerge: Public housing concentrated poverty in Columbus during the 1980s, the e…
Agents of Change: Mixed-Race Households and the Dynamics of Neighborhood Segregation in the United States
This article explores the effects of mixed-race household formation on trends in neighborhood-scale racial segregation. Census data show that these effects are nontrivial in relation to the magnitude of decadal changes in residential segregation. An agent-based model illustrates the potential long-run impacts of rising numbers of mixed-race households on measures of neighborhood-scale segregation. It reveals that high rates of mixed-race househol…
Race, Crime, and Public Housing in Atlanta: Testing a Conditional Effect Hypothesis
This article tests a conditional effect hypothesis which predicts that the strength and magnitude of the association between racial composition and crime rates will dissipate with increasing distance of neighborhoods from public housing projects. We examine this hypothesis with 1990–92 geo-coded crime incident data matched with 1990 block-group-level census data for Atlanta. The hypothesis is supported in models predicting murder, rape, assault, …
Scaling ethnic segregation: Causal processes and contingent outcomes in Chinese residential patterns
The Effects of Mixed-Race Households on Residential Segregation
This paper investigates how household-scale racial mixing affects measurements of neighborhood-scale racial segregation. This topic is increasingly important as mixed-race households are becoming more common across the United States. Specifically, our research asks two questions: What is the sensitivity of neighborhood racial segregation measures to levels of household-scale racial mixing? And what is the relationship between neighborhood racial …
The Instability of Highly Racially Diverse Residential Neighborhoods in the United States
This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse…
Gender and the Neighborhood Location of Mixed-Race Couples
Gender asymmetry in mixed-race heterosexual partnerships and marriages is common. For instance, black men marry or partner with white women at a far higher rate than white men marry or partner with black women. This article asks if such gender asymmetries relate to the racial character of the neighborhoods in which households headed by mixed-race couples live. Gendered power imbalances within households generally play into decisions about where t…
Corporate Headquarters Relocation and Changes in Metropolitan Corporate Dominance, 1980-1987
During the last 30 years, U.S. metropolitan economies have experienced tremendous restructuring, and the locations of corporate headquarters have increasingly exhibited spatial shifts, both deconcentrating and dispersing. Theoretical explanations have suggested that the United States is entering the third of four stages, in which we are now witnessing the drive to regional maturity with no dominant regional center. Changes in the distribution of …
Place, scale and the racial claims made for multiracial children in the 1990 US Census
Multiracial children embody ambiguities inherent in racial categorization and expose fictions of discrete races. Nevertheless, parents of multiracial children were asked for the 1990 US Census to report a single race for their offspring. Using confidential 1990 Census micro-data, we investigate the choices parents made for the three most common racially mixed household types (Asian-white, black-white and Latino-white) in twelve large metropolitan…
New Immigrant Geographies of United States Metropolitan Areas
Immigration and urbanization in the United States have always been deeply intertwined. It is impossible to understand the evolution of American cities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries without reference to immigration, which fundamentally shaped the economic, social, political, and spatial structure of metropolitan regions. At the same time, the nature of these cities and their surrounding areas had a deep impact on the experiences of imm…
Contingent Urban Geographies of Violent Crime: Racial Segregation and the Impact of Public Housing in Atlanta
Neighborhood variations in crime incidence rates are most commonly interpreted through the lens of social disorganization theory, or a "communities and crime" perspective. This approach typically articulates explanation for crime by focusing on the characteristics of communities—a unitary scale most commonly equated with neighborhoods. We argue that this perspective fails to recognize the importance of broader urban geographic contexts, and offer…
The Disappearance of Race in Mortgage Lending
In the past 25 years, housing researchers, governmental regulators, industry advocates, and community activists have all relied on a unified analytical infrastructure that was developed in the 1970s to monitor racial and geographic inequalities in U.S. housing markets. Since the mid‐1990s, however, several developments in the housing finance sector have undermined a key element of this system: data collected under the auspices of the Home Mortgag…
Organizing Diversity: Scales of Demographic Change and Neighborhood Organizing in St Paul, MN
Neighborhood involvement in urban governance remains a pressing goal in an era of globalization. Cities have instituted a variety of structures to facilitate this involvement, including quasi-formal neighborhood or district councils. At the same time, urban populations are changing rapidly because of multiple dynamics operating at multiple scales. Immigration, for example, continues to transform inner-city neighborhoods despite the emergence of s…
Invisible cities: Geography and the disappearance of 'race' from mortgage-lending data in the USA
Recent scholarship on race and ethnicity has unpacked taken-for-granted categories of difference and the processes of social construction of racialized identities. In the USA, however, legal and policy frameworks established during the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s and 1970s are based on problematic, reified categories of race and ethnicity. Yet these frameworks have opened limited opportunities for activist challenges, and among the most s…
Mixed measures: Different definitions of racially diverse neighborhoods compared
Focusing on neighborhoods that researchers consider particularly diverse, this paper assesses the ways scholars have characterized neighborhood racial diversity in the United States. Social scientists use a variety of methods to define and measure highly racially diverse places, resulting in a single label being used to capture very different aspects of a census tract's racial demography. We examine the criteria used to classify neighborhood raci…
Transnational Tense: Immigration and Inequality in American Housing Markets
Spatial assimilation theory, the traditional framework for analysing urban immigration and housing, was deeply shaped by the historical–geographic contingencies of American urbanism in the 1950s and 1960s. Yet the most recent and forceful challenge to assimilationist research—transnational urbanism—is also influenced by distinctive contemporary circumstances and epistemological priorities, creating a tense and unproductive dichotomy. We contend t…
Race, Scale, and the Concentration of Poverty in Columbus, Ohio, 1980 to 1990
Changes in the geographic concentration of poverty emerge from forces that redistribute population across neighborhoods within urban areas and forces that alter the aggregate composition of metropolitan populations. We examined the relative importance of these two groups of forces with 1980 and 1990 Census data for the central county of the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. We decomposed changes in isolation and exposure indices into redistributi…
Underestimating Racism? Decoupling Race and Redlining
A rapidly expanding body of research has sought to connect the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation’s (HOLC) so-called redlining maps to a wide array of present-day social injustices. The assertion is that these maps helped entrench emerging cogeographies of racial segregation and devaluation that have continued to reproduce racial-spatial inequities through time. We argue that such arguments likely underestimate the ongoing power of racism by narrowly …
Urban Economic Structure and the Urban Underclass: An Examination of Two Problematic Social Phenomena
William Julius Wilson argued in his recent book The T'3) Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Un&cla, and Public Policy that recent changes in urban economic structure at least partially explain the recent social deterioration experienced by inner-city blacks. He specifically identified male joblessness in relation to the demand for marriageable men as an important link between the urban economic structure and social outcome. This paper applies Wil…
Corporate Headquarters Relocation and Changes in Metropolitan Corporate Dominance, 1980-1987
During the last 30 years, U.S. metropolitan economies have experienced tremendous restructuring, and the locations of corporate headquarters have increasingly exhibited spatial shifts, both deconcentrating and dispersing. Theoretical explanations have suggested that the United States is entering the third of four stages, in which we are now witnessing the drive to regional maturity with no dominant regional center. Changes in the distribution of …
Labor Demand, Metropolitan Context, and Male Youths' Activity Strategies
Intermetropolitan variations in youth labor demand impose important contextual effects on youths' activities-youths tend to choose work over, or in combination with, schooling in metropolitan areas marked by strong demand for youth labor. I argue that youth labor demand is strongest in metropolitan areas (1) with a healthy economy and strong overall labor demand, (2) where the labor supply is not disproportionately composed of adult women or rece…
Exploring the Effect of Public Housing on the Concentration of Poverty in Columbus, Ohio
Using boundary-matched 1980 and 1990 census tract data for the central county of the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area, the authors explore the effect that public housing has on changes in neighborhood poverty rates to evaluate the impact of governmental and institutional actions on recent increases in poverty concentration within urban areas. Three important findings emerge: Public housing concentrated poverty in Columbus during the 1980s, the e…
Male Youth Activities and Metropolitan Context
The research reported here examines the impact of metropolitan location on the activity choices of a sample of black and white male youths living in large metropolitan areas in the United States in 1980. The results of the analysis confirm that similar youths living in different metropolitan areas will make different activity choices. Furthermore, black male youths are found to be substantially more sensitive to metropolitan context than white ma…
Race, Scale, and the Concentration of Poverty in Columbus, Ohio, 1980 to 1990
Changes in the geographic concentration of poverty emerge from forces that redistribute population across neighborhoods within urban areas and forces that alter the aggregate composition of metropolitan populations. We examined the relative importance of these two groups of forces with 1980 and 1990 Census data for the central county of the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area. We decomposed changes in isolation and exposure indices into redistributi…
Identity, contingency and the urban geography of 'race
Traditional research in urban geography concerned with issues of 'race' has focused on a series of substantively important issues, yet with conceptual foundation inadequate to the task. Specifically, this body of work has employed outdated and theoretically limited conceptions of identity without sufficient consideration to the importance of historical and geographic contingency. I argue in this essay that topics of traditional concern to urban g…
Race, Crime, and Public Housing in Atlanta: Testing a Conditional Effect Hypothesis
This article tests a conditional effect hypothesis which predicts that the strength and magnitude of the association between racial composition and crime rates will dissipate with increasing distance of neighborhoods from public housing projects. We examine this hypothesis with 1990–92 geo-coded crime incident data matched with 1990 block-group-level census data for Atlanta. The hypothesis is supported in models predicting murder, rape, assault, …
Scaling ethnic segregation: Causal processes and contingent outcomes in Chinese residential patterns
Empirical Destabilization of Racial Categories: Implications for Civil Rights Enforcement in Mortgage Lending
Invisible cities: Geography and the disappearance of 'race' from mortgage-lending data in the USA
Recent scholarship on race and ethnicity has unpacked taken-for-granted categories of difference and the processes of social construction of racialized identities. In the USA, however, legal and policy frameworks established during the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s and 1970s are based on problematic, reified categories of race and ethnicity. Yet these frameworks have opened limited opportunities for activist challenges, and among the most s…
The Disappearance of Race in Mortgage Lending
In the past 25 years, housing researchers, governmental regulators, industry advocates, and community activists have all relied on a unified analytical infrastructure that was developed in the 1970s to monitor racial and geographic inequalities in U.S. housing markets. Since the mid‐1990s, however, several developments in the housing finance sector have undermined a key element of this system: data collected under the auspices of the Home Mortgag…
Crossing racial lines: Geographies of mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the United States
This review highlights geographical perspectives on mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the United States, explicitly calling for increased analysis at the scale of the mixed-race household. We begin with a discussion of mixed-race rhetoric and then sketch contemporary trends in mixed-race partnering and multiraciality in the US. We also weave in considerations of the public and the private and the genealogical and social constructions of…
Contingent Urban Geographies of Violent Crime: Racial Segregation and the Impact of Public Housing in Atlanta
Neighborhood variations in crime incidence rates are most commonly interpreted through the lens of social disorganization theory, or a "communities and crime" perspective. This approach typically articulates explanation for crime by focusing on the characteristics of communities—a unitary scale most commonly equated with neighborhoods. We argue that this perspective fails to recognize the importance of broader urban geographic contexts, and offer…
The Effect of Adolescent Neighborhood Poverty on Adult Employment
Neighborhood environments affect the long-term labor market success of America’s urban youth. Urban poverty grew more spatially concentrated during the 1970s and 1980s as industrial economies dramatically restructured. Some policies attempted to address the problems of impoverished neighborhoods by stimulating in-situ economic development, while others sought to geographically disperse the poor. Poverty grew less concentrated during the 1990s bec…
Partnering ‘out’ and fitting in: Residential segregation and the neighbourhood contexts of mixed‐race households
This analysis considers how racial segregation affects the residential geographies of households headed by mixed‐race couples. We also become interested in assessing whether diverse households live in diverse places. To measure neighbourhood diversity, we develop a new index of diversity based on the exposure index. The analysis of 12 large US metropolitan areas finds that race (in tandem with status markers like income) and nativity provide some…
Places of possibility: Where mixed-race partners meet
Although mixed-race partnering in the United States is on the rise, scholars have paid scant attention to where people of `differently racialized parentage' (Ifekwunigwe, 2001: 46) actually meet. In an effort to help fill this gap, this paper (1) offers an overview of current scholarship on places of encounter and (2) aims to provide a blueprint for future research that will explicitly interrogate where mixed-race partners meet. We organize our s…
New Immigrant Geographies of United States Metropolitan Areas
Immigration and urbanization in the United States have always been deeply intertwined. It is impossible to understand the evolution of American cities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries without reference to immigration, which fundamentally shaped the economic, social, political, and spatial structure of metropolitan regions. At the same time, the nature of these cities and their surrounding areas had a deep impact on the experiences of imm…
Organizing Diversity: Scales of Demographic Change and Neighborhood Organizing in St Paul, MN
Neighborhood involvement in urban governance remains a pressing goal in an era of globalization. Cities have instituted a variety of structures to facilitate this involvement, including quasi-formal neighborhood or district councils. At the same time, urban populations are changing rapidly because of multiple dynamics operating at multiple scales. Immigration, for example, continues to transform inner-city neighborhoods despite the emergence of s…
The Effects of Mixed-Race Households on Residential Segregation
This paper investigates how household-scale racial mixing affects measurements of neighborhood-scale racial segregation. This topic is increasingly important as mixed-race households are becoming more common across the United States. Specifically, our research asks two questions: What is the sensitivity of neighborhood racial segregation measures to levels of household-scale racial mixing? And what is the relationship between neighborhood racial …
Place, scale and the racial claims made for multiracial children in the 1990 US Census
Multiracial children embody ambiguities inherent in racial categorization and expose fictions of discrete races. Nevertheless, parents of multiracial children were asked for the 1990 US Census to report a single race for their offspring. Using confidential 1990 Census micro-data, we investigate the choices parents made for the three most common racially mixed household types (Asian-white, black-white and Latino-white) in twelve large metropolitan…
Where Black-White Couples Live
This study analyzes where households headed by Black-White, mixed-race couples live in cities. Using 2000 confidential U.S. Census data, we investigate whether Black-White households in 12 large U.S. metropolitan areas are more likely to be found in racially diverse neighborhoods than households headed by White or Black couples. Map analysis shows that concentrations of Black-White headed households are most often found in moderately diverse Whit…
Transnational Tense: Immigration and Inequality in American Housing Markets
Spatial assimilation theory, the traditional framework for analysing urban immigration and housing, was deeply shaped by the historical–geographic contingencies of American urbanism in the 1950s and 1960s. Yet the most recent and forceful challenge to assimilationist research—transnational urbanism—is also influenced by distinctive contemporary circumstances and epistemological priorities, creating a tense and unproductive dichotomy. We contend t…
Reconsidering both Diversity and Segregation: A Reply to Poulsen, Johnston and Forrest, and to Peach
The recent debate in JEMS between Ceri Peach on the one hand, and Mike Poulsen, Ron Johnston and James Forrest (henceforth PJF) on the other, has two main foci, one narrow and the other broad. The
The Racially Fragmented City? Neighborhood Racial Segregation and Diversity Jointly Considered
This article reflects on the racial configuration of urban space. Previous research tends to posit racial segregation and diversity as either endpoints on a continuum of racial dominance or mirror images of one another. We argue that segregation and diversity must be jointly understood; they are necessarily related, although not inevitably as binary opposites. Our view is that the neighborhood geographies of U.S. metropolitan areas are simultaneo…
Sociology (34 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (32 works) · Geography (28 works) · Demography (19 works) · Economics (19 works) · Metropolitan area (19 works) · Gender Studies (18 works) · Political science (17 works) · Population (17 works) · Census (15 works)