Christopher R Madan
Biographic Data
| ID | 1905234 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christopher R Madan |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christopher R |
| FAMILY NAME | Madan |
| SIGNATURE | MADAN C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nottingham |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3228-6501 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 30 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 23 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Evaluative conditioning using virtual reality events
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is observed when a neutral stimulus is paired with an emotionally charged unconditioned stimulus (US), resulting in a change in the pleasantness or liking of the CS. Few studies have focused on this effect within an episodic memory context (unique single-trial learning of US-CS pairings). Moreover, most studies involve US-CS pairings presented on a computer screen, but few studies have examined EC under more naturalis…
Untangling the threads of motivated memory
Motivational and emotional influences on memory have been studied extensively; however, despite the link between these constructs, they have been studied in separate lines of research, with very little work examining their effects concurrently. The current study takes a novel approach to manipulate motivational and emotional influences orthogonally, and within the same task, to test their interplay on intentional memory formation. If emotion and …
Distinct signatures of social and emotional cues in memory and eye movements
Negative emotional stimuli are associated with increased recognition accuracy but decreased memory for the associative context, an effect coined as "tunnel memory" (Steinmetz & Kensinger, 2013). Recently, Stewardson et al. (2023) found that social cues enhance both recognition and associative memory and weaken the effects of negative emotion on memory, suggesting potentially distinct mechanisms underlying how adaptively relevant information is pr…
The retrograde effects of negative emotion on memory for conceptually related events
Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest that emotion can retroactively enhance memory for preceding neutral events that are considered high-priority while impairing memory for events deemed low-priority. However, the impact of conceptual relationships (i.e., semantic connections) between prec…
A Re-Exploration of our Unconscious
In this manuscript, concepts, issues and resolutions that call for conscious awareness in research into the unconscious are revisited and reviewed. Historical episodes and episodes of controversial experimentation that are formative rallying points for understanding contemporary attitudes to the unconscious in psychological science, and the impact of historical controversy to contemporary polarisation, are meticulously discussed. The theoretical …
Memory Can Define Individual Beliefs and Identity—and Shape Society
Memory profoundly define individual beliefs and identity, shaping how societies make decisions. Five key memory phenomena include—first impressions and the primacy effect, risky decision-making and memory availability, information reliability and source memory, music preferences and the reminiscence bump, and long-term planning and episodic future thinking. Each phenomenon is explored for its impact on policy, revealing the profound ways that mem…
Rare and extreme outcomes in risky choice
Many real-world decisions involving rare events also involve extreme outcomes. Despite this confluence, decisions-from-experience research has only examined the impact of rarity and extremity in isolation. With rare events, people typically choose as if they underestimate the probability of a rare outcome happening. Separately, people typically overestimate the probability of an extreme outcome happening. Here, for the first time, we examine the …
“The many faces of sorrow”
Sadness has typically been associated with failure, defeat and loss, but it has also been suggested that sadness facilitates positive and restructuring emotional changes. This suggests that sadness is a multi-faceted emotion. This supports the idea that there might in fact be different facets of sadness that can be distinguished psychologically and physiologically. In the current set of studies, we explored this hypothesis. In a first stage, part…
The effects of emotion on retrospective duration memory using virtual reality
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
Academia and the World Beyond
“Speak of the Devil… and he Shall Appear”
Biased confabulation in risky choice
When people make risky decisions based on past experience, they must rely on memory. The nature of the memory representations that support these decisions is not yet well understood. A key question concerns the extent to which people recall specific past episodes or whether they have learned a more abstract rule from their past experience. To address this question, we examined the precision of the memories used in risky decisions-from-experience.…
Exploring word memorability
What makes some words more memorable than others? Words can vary in many dimensions, and a variety of lexical, semantic, and affective properties have previously been associated with variability in recall performance. Free recall data were used from 147 participants across 20 experimental sessions from the Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS) data set, across 1,638 words. Here, I consider how well 20 different word prope…
Transfer of negative valence in an episodic memory task
Individual conscious and unconscious perception of emotion
Academia and the World Beyond
Affect enhances object-background associations
In recognition memory paradigms, emotional details are often recognised better than neutral ones, but at the cost of memory for peripheral details. We previously provided evidence that, when peripheral details must be recalled using central details as cues, peripheral details from emotional scenes are at least as likely to be recalled as those from neutral scenes. Here we replicated and explicated this result by implementing a mathematical modell…
Special issue for cognition on social, motivational, and emotional influences on memory
Many Analysts, One Data Set
Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 ( Mdn = 1.31) in odds-ratio units. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect, and 9 teams (31%…
Positive emotion enhances association-memory
The influence of emotion on association-memory is often attributed to arousal, but negative stimuli are typically used to test for these effects. While prior studies of negative emotion on association-memory have found impairments, theories suggest that positive emotion may have a distinct effect on memory, and may lead to enhanced association-memory. Here we tested participants' memory for pairs of positive and neutral words using cued recall, s…
Justify your alpha
Extreme Outcomes Sway Risky Decisions from Experience
Whether buying stocks or playing the slots, people making real‐world risky decisions often rely on their experiences with the risks and rewards. These decisions, however, do not occur in isolation but are embedded in a rich context of other decisions, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we systematically evaluate how the local context of other rewarding outcomes alters risk preferences. Through a series of four experiments on decisions from…
Encoding the world around us
Justify your alpha
Extreme Outcomes Sway Risky Decisions from Experience
Whether buying stocks or playing the slots, people making real‐world risky decisions often rely on their experiences with the risks and rewards. These decisions, however, do not occur in isolation but are embedded in a rich context of other decisions, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we systematically evaluate how the local context of other rewarding outcomes alters risk preferences. Through a series of four experiments on decisions from…
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
The retrograde effects of negative emotion on memory for conceptually related events
Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest that emotion can retroactively enhance memory for preceding neutral events that are considered high-priority while impairing memory for events deemed low-priority. However, the impact of conceptual relationships (i.e., semantic connections) between prec…
A Re-Exploration of our Unconscious
In this manuscript, concepts, issues and resolutions that call for conscious awareness in research into the unconscious are revisited and reviewed. Historical episodes and episodes of controversial experimentation that are formative rallying points for understanding contemporary attitudes to the unconscious in psychological science, and the impact of historical controversy to contemporary polarisation, are meticulously discussed. The theoretical …
Encoding the world around us
Extreme Outcomes Sway Risky Decisions from Experience
Whether buying stocks or playing the slots, people making real‐world risky decisions often rely on their experiences with the risks and rewards. These decisions, however, do not occur in isolation but are embedded in a rich context of other decisions, outcomes, and experiences. In this paper, we systematically evaluate how the local context of other rewarding outcomes alters risk preferences. Through a series of four experiments on decisions from…
Many Analysts, One Data Set
Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 ( Mdn = 1.31) in odds-ratio units. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect, and 9 teams (31%…
Positive emotion enhances association-memory
The influence of emotion on association-memory is often attributed to arousal, but negative stimuli are typically used to test for these effects. While prior studies of negative emotion on association-memory have found impairments, theories suggest that positive emotion may have a distinct effect on memory, and may lead to enhanced association-memory. Here we tested participants' memory for pairs of positive and neutral words using cued recall, s…
Justify your alpha
Affect enhances object-background associations
In recognition memory paradigms, emotional details are often recognised better than neutral ones, but at the cost of memory for peripheral details. We previously provided evidence that, when peripheral details must be recalled using central details as cues, peripheral details from emotional scenes are at least as likely to be recalled as those from neutral scenes. Here we replicated and explicated this result by implementing a mathematical modell…
Special issue for cognition on social, motivational, and emotional influences on memory
Exploring word memorability
What makes some words more memorable than others? Words can vary in many dimensions, and a variety of lexical, semantic, and affective properties have previously been associated with variability in recall performance. Free recall data were used from 147 participants across 20 experimental sessions from the Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS) data set, across 1,638 words. Here, I consider how well 20 different word prope…
Transfer of negative valence in an episodic memory task
Individual conscious and unconscious perception of emotion
Academia and the World Beyond
Academia and the World Beyond
“Speak of the Devil… and he Shall Appear”
Biased confabulation in risky choice
When people make risky decisions based on past experience, they must rely on memory. The nature of the memory representations that support these decisions is not yet well understood. A key question concerns the extent to which people recall specific past episodes or whether they have learned a more abstract rule from their past experience. To address this question, we examined the precision of the memories used in risky decisions-from-experience.…
Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
Memory Can Define Individual Beliefs and Identity—and Shape Society
Memory profoundly define individual beliefs and identity, shaping how societies make decisions. Five key memory phenomena include—first impressions and the primacy effect, risky decision-making and memory availability, information reliability and source memory, music preferences and the reminiscence bump, and long-term planning and episodic future thinking. Each phenomenon is explored for its impact on policy, revealing the profound ways that mem…
Rare and extreme outcomes in risky choice
Many real-world decisions involving rare events also involve extreme outcomes. Despite this confluence, decisions-from-experience research has only examined the impact of rarity and extremity in isolation. With rare events, people typically choose as if they underestimate the probability of a rare outcome happening. Separately, people typically overestimate the probability of an extreme outcome happening. Here, for the first time, we examine the …
“The many faces of sorrow”
Sadness has typically been associated with failure, defeat and loss, but it has also been suggested that sadness facilitates positive and restructuring emotional changes. This suggests that sadness is a multi-faceted emotion. This supports the idea that there might in fact be different facets of sadness that can be distinguished psychologically and physiologically. In the current set of studies, we explored this hypothesis. In a first stage, part…
The effects of emotion on retrospective duration memory using virtual reality
Untangling the threads of motivated memory
Motivational and emotional influences on memory have been studied extensively; however, despite the link between these constructs, they have been studied in separate lines of research, with very little work examining their effects concurrently. The current study takes a novel approach to manipulate motivational and emotional influences orthogonally, and within the same task, to test their interplay on intentional memory formation. If emotion and …
Distinct signatures of social and emotional cues in memory and eye movements
Negative emotional stimuli are associated with increased recognition accuracy but decreased memory for the associative context, an effect coined as "tunnel memory" (Steinmetz & Kensinger, 2013). Recently, Stewardson et al. (2023) found that social cues enhance both recognition and associative memory and weaken the effects of negative emotion on memory, suggesting potentially distinct mechanisms underlying how adaptively relevant information is pr…
The retrograde effects of negative emotion on memory for conceptually related events
Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest that emotion can retroactively enhance memory for preceding neutral events that are considered high-priority while impairing memory for events deemed low-priority. However, the impact of conceptual relationships (i.e., semantic connections) between prec…
A Re-Exploration of our Unconscious
In this manuscript, concepts, issues and resolutions that call for conscious awareness in research into the unconscious are revisited and reviewed. Historical episodes and episodes of controversial experimentation that are formative rallying points for understanding contemporary attitudes to the unconscious in psychological science, and the impact of historical controversy to contemporary polarisation, are meticulously discussed. The theoretical …
Evaluative conditioning using virtual reality events
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is observed when a neutral stimulus is paired with an emotionally charged unconditioned stimulus (US), resulting in a change in the pleasantness or liking of the CS. Few studies have focused on this effect within an episodic memory context (unique single-trial learning of US-CS pairings). Moreover, most studies involve US-CS pairings presented on a computer screen, but few studies have examined EC under more naturalis…
Psychology (21 works) · Cognitive psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Cognition (9 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Memory Processes and Influences (9 works) · Memory and Neural Mechanisms (7 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Neuroscience (4 works)