M D R Evans
Biographic Data
| ID | 19132 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M D R Evans |
| GIVEN NAMES | M D R |
| FAMILY NAME | Evans |
| SIGNATURE | EVANS M D R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nevada, Reno |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8072-0854 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 670 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Geographic disadvantage and quality of employment
Many policymakers assume that children's neighbourhoods shape their career trajectories, but the facts are otherwise. Challenges: (1) Because many children in poor postcodes have disadvantaged families, modelling the causal influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) requires a comprehensive set of control variables measuring family background. (2) Adults can choose where to live, so dwelling in a high SES postcode is partially a conseq…
The Legitimation of Rewards to Education: A Survey Experiment
Everywhere, education is well rewarded, roughly 5% to 15% for each additional year of university, hence a major source of income inequality. Why do ordinary people see income rewards to education as legitimate? Two key theories: (1) their moral views might align with classical equity arguments asserting a moral entitlement to rewards in proportion to contributions. (2) Alternatively, they might see rewards to education as fair returns on investme…
Diversity in Religiosity Undermines Conventional Personal Morality Across the Globe: Evidence From 90 Nations, 300,000+ Individuals
In societies where the populace exhibits a wide range of religiosity, social conservatives (religiously devout or socially traditional) feel their beliefs and way of life threatened, even where others in their society (secular, or socially liberal) have no desire to threaten them, or to discriminate against them, or even to proselytize. Examples include devout English Pilgrims in liberal 16th century Holland and devout Muslims in liberal 21st cen…
Concise survey measures for the Big Five personality traits
Legitimate earnings inequality and national welfare commitment: Correspondence between economic institutions and the pay 80,000+ people in 30 nations think legitimate for ordinary jobs and for elite j…
Status Construction During Covid-19: Antibody Positive People's Rising Prestige
The protracted COVID-19 crisis provides a new social niche in which new inequalities can emerge. We provide predictions about one such new inequality using the logic of Status Construction Theory (SCT). SCT, rooted in Expectations State Theory and from there developed by Ridgeway and colleagues, proposes general hypotheses about how new inequalities arise through process of interaction at the individual level: an unordered categorical difference …
Prejudice Against Immigrants Symptomizes a Larger Syndrome, Is Strongly Diminished by Socioeconomic Development, and the UK Is Not an Outlier: Insights From the WVS, EVS, and EQLS Surveys
Public attitudes toward immigrants in the UK, especially prejudice against them, form a strong theme in retrospective media postmortems emphasizing the uniqueness of Brexit, yet similarly hostile public opinion on immigrants forms a recurrent theme in populist politics in many European Union nations. Indeed, if UK residents are not uniquely hostile, then the UK's exit from the EU may be only the first symptom of proliferating conflicts over immig…
Scholarly culture: How books in adolescence enhance adult literacy, numeracy and technology skills in 31 societies
Strong Welfare States Do Not Intensify Public Support for Income Redistribution, but Even Reduce It among the Prosperous: A Multilevel Analysis of Public Opinion in 30 Countries
How tightly linked are the strength of a country’s welfare state and its residents’ support for income redistribution? Multilevel model results (with appropriate controls) show that the publics of strong welfare states recognize their egalitarian income distributions, i.e., the stronger the welfare state, the less the actual and perceived inequality; but they do not differ from their peers in liberal welfare states/market-oriented societies in th…
Communism, Capitalism, and Images of Class: Effects of Reference Groups, Reality, and Regime in 43 Nations and 110,000 Individuals, 1987-2009
People differ vastly in perceptions of inequality, some seeing a small elite at the top of their society with a vast impoverished mass at the bottom, others a prosperous society with most people in the middle. This was found first for two nations, Australia and Communist-era Hungary. We extend these results to 43 nations and to the post-Communist era. The results support our original middle-range "reference group and reality blend" hypothesis. We…
The new income inequality and well-being paradigm: Inequality has no effect on happiness in rich nations and normal times, varied effects in extraordinary circumstances, increases happiness in poor na…
Societal Inequality and individual subjective well-being: Results from 68 societies and over 200,000 individuals, 1981-2008
Family Background and Education: China in Comparative Perspective
This paper investigates how the drastic educational reforms during the Communist period changed the effects of family background on education in China, in comparison to other nations. Data are from the Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China survey and the World Inequality Study; N=130,109 in 28 societies. Since World Warii, the mean number of years of education in China paralleled, at a lower level, the rises in Eastern European C…
Prejudice, Exclusion, and Economic Disadvantage: A Theory
A central hypothesis about discrimination is that prejudice forces the stigmatized into low-paying, undesirable jobs. Prejudice clearly leads to exclusion. But surprisingly, evidence linking exclusion to disadvantage is mixed. We address this issue theoretically, providing a formal rational choice model combining arguments from sociology (on prejudice) and economics (on competition). Our theory suggests that economic organization is crucial. In e…
Scholarly Culture and Occupational Success in 31 Societies
Prior research shows that coming from a book-oriented family is a great advantage for children's education, especially for the 'ordinary success' of children from disadvantaged families. Focusing on the next career stage, our multi-level analysis (58,944 respondents in 31 societies) shows that it furthers children's later occupational career even more than parents' education or occupation, especially in developing nations where there is a small a…
Scholarly Culture and Academic Performance in 42 Nations
Exposure to books and high culture provides important academic advantages. But the reasons for this are hotly disputed. Elite closure theory posits that culture merely signals children's elite status to gatekeepers who then grant them unjust advantages. But other theories suggest that scholarly culture provides cognitive skills that improve academic performance, which schools justly reward. We attempt to adjudicate between these theories using da…
A Clash of Civilizations? Preferences for Religious Political Leaders in 86 Nations
Huntington claimed that today's major conflicts are most likely to erupt between religiously defined “civilizations,” in particular between Christianity and Islam. Using World Values Surveys from 86 nations, we examine differences between Christians and Muslims in preferences for religious political leaders. The results suggest a marked difference between Muslims and Christians in their attitudes toward religious politicians, with Muslims more fa…
Family scholarly culture and educational success: Books and schooling in 27 nations
Justifications of Inequality: The Normative Basis of Pay Differentials in 31 Nations
Objectives. We investigate social consensus and dissensus within and between nations in three important justifications for pay differences: family needs, performance on the job, and education/authority. Methods. Data are from 31 nations and 66,777 individual respondents analyzed using structural equation and multilevel regression methods with multiple imputation of missing data. Results. In poor countries, but not in rich, most believe that famil…
Attitudes toward home‐based employment for mothers of young children: Australian evidence
Kelley CGE, Kelley SMC, Evans MDR, Kelley J. Attitudes toward home‐based employment for mothers of young children: Australian evidence Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 33–44 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. People have mixed feelings about paid employment for mothers with young children. This might reflect opposition to women's work per se or, instead, fear that …
Support for Mothers' Employment at Home: Conflict between Work and Family
The conflict between family life and paid work outside the home creates difficult trade-offs. In most developed nations, few men or women think that mothers with young children are best off working full-time. But another alternative reduces the conflict: paid work at home. Data from a large representative national sample of Australia (n=1324) show that public support for maternal employment is fully 30 percentage points greater if the work is don…
Trends in women's labor force participation in Australia: 1984-2002
Subjective Social Location: Data From 21 Nations
This paper investigates subjective social status using data from surveys collected from representative nationwide samples in 21 countries (N = 50,955). We nd that in all societies there is a pronounced tendency to see oneself as being in the middle of the social hierarchy; that this tendency holds among those at the top and at the bottom of the educational distribution, as well as among those actually in the middle; and that this tendency holds i…
Preventing Torture? The Development of the Optional Protocol to the Un Convention Against Torture
Malcolm D. Evans, Claudine Haenni-Dale; PREVENTING TORTURE? THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE, Human Rights Law
Do Ethnic Enclaves Benefit or Harm Linguistically Isolated Employees
Class and Class Conflict in Six Western Nations
People's subjective images of class and class conflict reflect a mixture of both materialist forces and the vivid subjective images of equality and consensus among family, friends, and coworkers. These reference group processes distort perceptions of class: They make most people think they are middle class, thereby weakening the link between objective class and subjective perceptions of class and class conflict, fostering consensual rather than c…
Family scholarly culture and educational success: Books and schooling in 27 nations
Images of Class: Public Perceptions in Hungary and Australia
Based on reference group and cognitive bias considerations, we advance a theory, explicated via a computer simulation, to explain (1) people's perceptions of how equalitarian the class system is, (2) where people place themselves in the class system, (3) where people place others' occupations, and (4) people's estimates of the pay of different occupations. Using a new set of diagrammatic and verbal questions on class, we test our hypotheses on la…
Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effects of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool
The Legitimation of Inequality: Occupational Earnings in Nine Nations
Comprehensive data on public beliefs about the legitimacy of income inequality gathered from large, representative national sample surveys in nine nations conducted by the International Social Survey Programme show: (1) broad agreement on the legitimate pay of low-status, ordinary jobs, (2) agreement that high-status, elite occupations should be paid more than the minimum, but (3) disagreement over how much more they should get. This disagreement…
Societal Inequality and individual subjective well-being: Results from 68 societies and over 200,000 individuals, 1981-2008
Effect of family structure on life satisfaction: Australian Evidence
Justifications of Inequality: The Normative Basis of Pay Differentials in 31 Nations
Objectives. We investigate social consensus and dissensus within and between nations in three important justifications for pay differences: family needs, performance on the job, and education/authority. Methods. Data are from 31 nations and 66,777 individual respondents analyzed using structural equation and multilevel regression methods with multiple imputation of missing data. Results. In poor countries, but not in rich, most believe that famil…
Prejudice, Discrimination, and the Labor Market: Attainments of Immigrants in Australia
This article develops hypotheses about how prejudice can be expected to affect discrimination and tests them in Australia, a nation with numerous and diverse immigrants. Census data, analyzed with a flexible regression model, are from the 1981 1% Public Use Sample (PUS), with detailed information on education, occupation, income, timing of immigration, and language fluency. Attitudinal data, analyzed with LISREL methods, are from a representative…
Strong Welfare States Do Not Intensify Public Support for Income Redistribution, but Even Reduce It among the Prosperous: A Multilevel Analysis of Public Opinion in 30 Countries
How tightly linked are the strength of a country’s welfare state and its residents’ support for income redistribution? Multilevel model results (with appropriate controls) show that the publics of strong welfare states recognize their egalitarian income distributions, i.e., the stronger the welfare state, the less the actual and perceived inequality; but they do not differ from their peers in liberal welfare states/market-oriented societies in th…
Choosing to be a Citizen: The Time-Path of Citizenship in Australia
This article uses census data to examine the process of becoming a citizen in Australia, and examines differences in the process among major immigrant groups. Some immigrant groups, Mediterranean and Third World immigrants, have a much more rapid transition to citizenship than others. Northwestern Europeans begin more slowly, but catch up several decades later. Anglophone immigrants are altogether less likely to become citizens. The analysis furt…
American Fertility Patterns: A Comparison of White and Nonwhite Cohorts Born 1903-56
In the United States, nonwhite women have long had higher fertility than white women (Farley, 1966, 1970, 1972; Ryder and Westoff, 1971; Westoff and Ryder, 1977), although in recent years nonwhite fertility has been converging toward the lower level characteristic of whites (Rindfuss and Sweet, 1977; Cutright and Shorter, 1979). Further, the pace of fertility tends to be faster for nonwhite women than for whites (Farley, 1970; Presser, 1971; St. …
A Clash of Civilizations? Preferences for Religious Political Leaders in 86 Nations
Huntington claimed that today's major conflicts are most likely to erupt between religiously defined “civilizations,” in particular between Christianity and Islam. Using World Values Surveys from 86 nations, we examine differences between Christians and Muslims in preferences for religious political leaders. The results suggest a marked difference between Muslims and Christians in their attitudes toward religious politicians, with Muslims more fa…
Moral Reasoning and Political Conflict: The Abortion Controversy
We argue that the abortion controversy has one major source--religion--and two less important ones--attitudes towards sexual permissiveness and women's employment. Traditional Christianity promotes opposition to abortion using three distinct modes of moral reasoning: through deductive moral reasoning, by the Christian world view's implication that abortion violates the sanctity of life and is a rebellion against God's design; through authoritativ…
The new income inequality and well-being paradigm: Inequality has no effect on happiness in rich nations and normal times, varied effects in extraordinary circumstances, increases happiness in poor na…
Scholarly culture: How books in adolescence enhance adult literacy, numeracy and technology skills in 31 societies
Immigrant Women in Australia: Resources, Family, and Work
Communism, Capitalism, and Images of Class: Effects of Reference Groups, Reality, and Regime in 43 Nations and 110,000 Individuals, 1987-2009
People differ vastly in perceptions of inequality, some seeing a small elite at the top of their society with a vast impoverished mass at the bottom, others a prosperous society with most people in the middle. This was found first for two nations, Australia and Communist-era Hungary. We extend these results to 43 nations and to the post-Communist era. The results support our original middle-range "reference group and reality blend" hypothesis. We…
Scholarly Culture and Occupational Success in 31 Societies
Prior research shows that coming from a book-oriented family is a great advantage for children's education, especially for the 'ordinary success' of children from disadvantaged families. Focusing on the next career stage, our multi-level analysis (58,944 respondents in 31 societies) shows that it furthers children's later occupational career even more than parents' education or occupation, especially in developing nations where there is a small a…
Immigrant Women in Australia: Resources, Family, and Work
This article explores the work lives of Australia's immigrant women using the 1 percent public use sample of individual records from the 1981 Census. Direct standardization for age and regression techniques illuminate differences among native born Australians, and immigrants from English speaking countries, Northwestern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean region, and the Third World in labor force participation, unemployment, of occupationa…
Language Skill, Language Usage and Opportunity: Immigrants in the Australian Labour Market
This paper examines how immigrants' proficiency in speaking English, and preference for retaining their native tongue as the language of the home, affect their occupational attainment in the Australian labour market. In particular, it investigates how well three approaches - an assimilationist approach, a Neo-Marxist approach, and an ethnic enclaves approach - account for differences among groups in how important language usage and skill are in o…
Do Ethnic Enclaves Benefit or Harm Linguistically Isolated Employees
Women's Labour Force Participation and Socioeconomic Development: Influences of Local Context and Individual Characteristics in Brazil
We address several key hypotheses about the effects of socioeconomic development on women's labour force participation during the transition from agriculture to industrialism. To this end, we explore differences in women's labour force participation in Brazil by education, marital status, age, and urban or rural residence. We also show how socioeconomic development affects the overall level of women's participation and the differentials by educat…
Choosing to be a Citizen: The Time-Path of Citizenship in Australia
Attitudes toward home‐based employment for mothers of young children: Australian evidence
Kelley CGE, Kelley SMC, Evans MDR, Kelley J. Attitudes toward home‐based employment for mothers of young children: Australian evidence Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 33–44 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. People have mixed feelings about paid employment for mothers with young children. This might reflect opposition to women's work per se or, instead, fear that …
Immigrant Women in Australia: Resources, Family, and Work
Immigrant Women in Australia: Resources, Family, and Work
This article explores the work lives of Australia's immigrant women using the 1 percent public use sample of individual records from the 1981 Census. Direct standardization for age and regression techniques illuminate differences among native born Australians, and immigrants from English speaking countries, Northwestern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean region, and the Third World in labor force participation, unemployment, of occupationa…
Age, Time, and Fertility: Applications of Exploratory Data Analysis. Mary B. Breckenridge
American Fertility Patterns: A Comparison of White and Nonwhite Cohorts Born 1903-56
In the United States, nonwhite women have long had higher fertility than white women (Farley, 1966, 1970, 1972; Ryder and Westoff, 1971; Westoff and Ryder, 1977), although in recent years nonwhite fertility has been converging toward the lower level characteristic of whites (Rindfuss and Sweet, 1977; Cutright and Shorter, 1979). Further, the pace of fertility tends to be faster for nonwhite women than for whites (Farley, 1970; Presser, 1971; St. …
Sources of immigrants' language proficiency: Australian results with comparisons to the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America
Recent research on immigrants in the Federal Republic of Germany and the US suggests that their amount of education, the country in which they attained it, and their labor force experience both before and after migrating all have important effects on their skills in the language of the host country. This paper explores those influences on the English language proficiency of 4 groups of immigrants to Australia: 1) those from Northwestern Europe, 2…
Objective research on immigrants in Australia: Why Jakubowicz and castles are wrong
Language Skill, Language Usage and Opportunity: Immigrants in the Australian Labour Market
This paper examines how immigrants' proficiency in speaking English, and preference for retaining their native tongue as the language of the home, affect their occupational attainment in the Australian labour market. In particular, it investigates how well three approaches - an assimilationist approach, a Neo-Marxist approach, and an ethnic enclaves approach - account for differences among groups in how important language usage and skill are in o…
Choosing to be a Citizen: The Time-Path of Citizenship in Australia
This article uses census data to examine the process of becoming a citizen in Australia, and examines differences in the process among major immigrant groups. Some immigrant groups, Mediterranean and Third World immigrants, have a much more rapid transition to citizenship than others. Northwestern Europeans begin more slowly, but catch up several decades later. Anglophone immigrants are altogether less likely to become citizens. The analysis furt…
Choosing to be a Citizen: The Time-Path of Citizenship in Australia
International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita James Simon , Caroline B. Brettell
Wrestling with Proteus: A second response to Jakubowicz and castles
Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effects of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool
Prejudice, Discrimination, and the Labor Market: Attainments of Immigrants in Australia
This article develops hypotheses about how prejudice can be expected to affect discrimination and tests them in Australia, a nation with numerous and diverse immigrants. Census data, analyzed with a flexible regression model, are from the 1981 1% Public Use Sample (PUS), with detailed information on education, occupation, income, timing of immigration, and language fluency. Attitudinal data, analyzed with LISREL methods, are from a representative…
Images of Class: Public Perceptions in Hungary and Australia
Based on reference group and cognitive bias considerations, we advance a theory, explicated via a computer simulation, to explain (1) people's perceptions of how equalitarian the class system is, (2) where people place themselves in the class system, (3) where people place others' occupations, and (4) people's estimates of the pay of different occupations. Using a new set of diagrammatic and verbal questions on class, we test our hypotheses on la…
Moral Reasoning and Political Conflict: The Abortion Controversy
We argue that the abortion controversy has one major source--religion--and two less important ones--attitudes towards sexual permissiveness and women's employment. Traditional Christianity promotes opposition to abortion using three distinct modes of moral reasoning: through deductive moral reasoning, by the Christian world view's implication that abortion violates the sanctity of life and is a rebellion against God's design; through authoritativ…
Women's Labour Force Participation and Socioeconomic Development: Influences of Local Context and Individual Characteristics in Brazil
We address several key hypotheses about the effects of socioeconomic development on women's labour force participation during the transition from agriculture to industrialism. To this end, we explore differences in women's labour force participation in Brazil by education, marital status, age, and urban or rural residence. We also show how socioeconomic development affects the overall level of women's participation and the differentials by educat…
The Legitimation of Inequality: Occupational Earnings in Nine Nations
Comprehensive data on public beliefs about the legitimacy of income inequality gathered from large, representative national sample surveys in nine nations conducted by the International Social Survey Programme show: (1) broad agreement on the legitimate pay of low-status, ordinary jobs, (2) agreement that high-status, elite occupations should be paid more than the minimum, but (3) disagreement over how much more they should get. This disagreement…
Class and Class Conflict in Six Western Nations
People's subjective images of class and class conflict reflect a mixture of both materialist forces and the vivid subjective images of equality and consensus among family, friends, and coworkers. These reference group processes distort perceptions of class: They make most people think they are middle class, thereby weakening the link between objective class and subjective perceptions of class and class conflict, fostering consensual rather than c…
The impact of resources and family-level cultural practices on immigrant women’s workforce participation
Family values and labor force participation: Ireland in international perspective
Educational attainment of the children of divorce: Australia, 1940-90
Much research suggests that the disruption of marriage through parental death or divorce imposes a small but significant educational disadvantage on American children, although the most recent and comprehensive analysis casts serious doubt on this claim. What is the situation in Australia? Using representative national samples (n= 29,443) and OLS and logistic regression with robust standard errors, we estimate models controlling many potentially …
National Pride in the Developed World: Survey Data from 24 Nations
What brings credit and prestige to a nation in the eyes of its citizens? Taking a multi‐dimensional approach, we investigate national pride in the country's science, economy, arts and literature, and sport. Data from the International Social Survey Programme's 24 nation ‘National Identity’ module (N = 30,894) show that people throughout the developed world feel national pride in all these things, contrary to most globalization hypotheses. Pride i…
Subjective Social Location: Data From 21 Nations
This paper investigates subjective social status using data from surveys collected from representative nationwide samples in 21 countries (N = 50,955). We nd that in all societies there is a pronounced tendency to see oneself as being in the middle of the social hierarchy; that this tendency holds among those at the top and at the bottom of the educational distribution, as well as among those actually in the middle; and that this tendency holds i…
Preventing Torture? The Development of the Optional Protocol to the Un Convention Against Torture
Malcolm D. Evans, Claudine Haenni-Dale; PREVENTING TORTURE? THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE UN CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE, Human Rights Law
Do Ethnic Enclaves Benefit or Harm Linguistically Isolated Employees
Sociology (44 works) · Political science (38 works) · Economics (30 works) · Demographic economics (25 works) · Law (23 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Demography (13 works) · Economic growth (13 works) · Politics (13 works)