Paul R Swank
Biographic Data
| ID | 191748 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul R Swank |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul R |
| FAMILY NAME | Swank |
| SIGNATURE | SWANK P R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Houston |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 420 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
A study of the developing relations between self-regulation and mathematical knowledge in the context of an early math intervention
General and Ethnic-Biased Bullying Among Latino Students
Pre- to post-immigration sexual risk behaviour and alcohol use among recent Latino immigrants in Miami
Retrospective pre-immigration data on sexual risk and alcohol use behaviours was collected from 527 recent Latino immigrants to the USA, aged 18-34. Two follow-up assessments (12 months apart) reported on post-immigration behaviours. Using a mixed model growth curve analysis, a six-level sexual risk change variable was constructed combining measures of sexual partners and condom use. The mixed model growth curve was also used to examine associati…
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder
Purpose: This study assessed the feasibility of virtual reality (VR) exposure as an assessment and treatment modality for youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: Forty-one adolescents, 20 of which were identified as having SAD, were recruited from a community sample. Youth with and without SAD were exposed to two social virtual environments—party and public speaking—and two neutral virtual environments. Results: All youth reported sign…
Does parental monitoring moderate the relation between parent–child communication and pre-coital sexual behaviours among urban, minority early adolescents
This study examined parental monitoring (PM) as a potential moderator of the relation between parent–child communication (PCC) and pre-coital sexual behaviours (PCSB) in an urban, minority, early adolescent population. Seventh-grade students (n = 1609) reported PCC, PM and PCSB. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess for moderation. PM moderated the association between PCC and PCSB. Specifically, young people reporting both hig…
Using Growth Curve Analysis to Examine Challenges in Instrumentation in Longitudinal Measurement in Home Visiting
Home visitation programs aim to decrease child maltreatment, yet limited longitudinal data exists concerning their screening and assessment instruments. "At risk" families (N = 2,054) were screened using the Family Stress Checklist and referred to Healthy Families Indiana. The Home Observation Measurement of the Environment Scale (HOME) and Community Life Skills Scale (CLS) were administered at multiple intervals. Growth curve analyses indicate f…
A Safety Awareness Program for Women With Diverse Disabilities
Women with diverse disabilities (N = 213), recruited through 10 centers for independent living (CILs), were randomly assigned to either a personal safety awareness program or usual care. The 8-week program, led by CIL staff, was designed to increase safety awareness, abuse and safety knowledge, safety skills, safety self-efficacy, social support, and safety promoting behaviors. All participants completed pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up questio…
Enhancing early child care quality and learning for toddlers at risk
Despite reports of positive effects of high-quality child care, few experimental studies have examined the process of improving low-quality center-based care for toddler-age children. In this article, we report intervention effects on child care teachers' behaviors and children's social, emotional, behavioral, early literacy, language, and math outcomes as well as the teacher-child relationship. The intervention targeted the use of a set of respo…
My Baby & Me”
This study examined the efficacy of a multimodule parenting intervention, "My Baby & Me," that began prenatally and continued until children reached 2.5 years of age. The intervention targeted specific parenting skills designed to alter trajectories of maternal and child development. Of 361 high-risk mothers (193 adolescents, 168 adults) enrolled across 4 states, half were randomly assigned to the high-intensity (HI) home visitation coaching prog…
Examining patterns of association with defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening
To reduce negative psychological affect from information or behavior that is inconsistent with one's positive self-concept, individuals use a variety of defensive strategies. It is unknown whether correlates differ across defenses. We examined correlates of four levels of defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening. Cross-sectional surveys were completed by a convenience sample of 287 adults aged 50-75 years. Defenses measu…
My Life
The effects of a responsive parenting intervention on parent–child interactions during shared book reading
This study examined mother-child shared book reading behaviors before and after participation in a random-assignment responsive parenting intervention called Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) that occurred during infancy (PALS I), the toddler-preschool (PALS II) period, or both as compared with a developmental assessment (DAS) intervention (DAS I and/or II). The efficacy of PALS was previously demonstrated for improving mother and child behavio…
Effectiveness of comprehensive professional development for teachers of at-risk preschoolers.
This study compared effectiveness of as usual to that of 4 professional development (PD) programs that targeted teachers of at-risk preschool children. A 2 X 2 design was used to cross mentoring and progress monitoring conditions among the 4 PD programs. Specifically, some teachers received both in-classroom mentoring and detailed, instructionally linked feedback concerning children's progress in language and literacy. Some teachers received no m…
New directions in evaluating social problem solving in childhood
A major objective of this chapter is to present a novel, ecologically sensitive social problem-solving task for school-aged children that captures the complexity of social and cognitive demands placed on children in naturalistic situations. Competence on this task correlates with a range of skills including executive functions, verbal reasoning, and attention. Children able to successfully carry out this task in middle school were more competent …
Interpersonal Violence and Women With Disabilities
Very little information exists related to the interpersonal violence safety promoting behaviors of women with disabilities. Information about women's use of safety promoting behaviors was gathered from 305 disabled and deaf women who completed an anonymous Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview. Exploratory factor analyses revealed factors related to seeking abuse-related safety information, building abuse-related safety promoting skills, using r…
Development of Measures of Abuse Among Women With Disabilities and the Characteristics of Their Perpetrators
Three hundred and five women with diverse disabilities completed an anonymous audio computer-assisted self-interview designed to increase women's awareness of abuse. Data were also collected regarding abuse experienced in the past year and the risk characteristics of their perpetrators. Overall, 68% reported some type of abuse. Preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of questions to assess abuse and perpetrator risk characteristics …
A responsive parenting intervention
This study examined the optimal timing (infancy, toddler-preschool, or both) for facilitating responsive parenting and the intervention effects on maternal behaviors and child social and communication skills for children who vary in biological risk. The intervention during infancy, Playing and Learning Strategies (PALS I), showed strong changes in maternal affective-emotional and cognitively responsive behaviors and infants' development. However,…
The Importance of Language, Social, and Behavioral Skills Across Early and Later Childhood as Predictors of Social Competence With Peers
(2006). The Importance of Language, Social, and Behavioral Skills Across Early and Later Childhood as Predictors of Social Competence With Peers. Applied Developmental Science: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 174-187
Responsive parenting
Mothers whose infants varied in early biological characteristics (born at term, n 120; born at very low birth weight [VLBW], n 144) were randomized to a target group (n 133) or developmental feedback comparison group (n 131) to determine whether learning responsive behaviors would facilitate infant development. The target condition included videotaped examples, problem-solving activities, and mothers’ critique of their own behaviors through video…
Adolescent Girls' Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for Relationship Violence
This research examined the relation between female adolescents' general alcohol use and their experience of relationship violence. This relation was examined both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for the proximal (i.e., situational) effects of alcohol use. One hundred and six female high school students reported on their experiences of physical violence and sexual coercion by boyfriends, general patterns of alcohol use, victimiza…
Precursors to Mathematical Skills
This study examined, via structural equation modeling, whether children's visual-spatial and executive process skills across 3 to 6 years of age were cognitive precursors to 8-year-old mathematical competence. The extent to which mothers directed their children's behavior at age 2 was examined in the model for its importance as an environmental influence. Full-term (n = 90) and preterm children (n = 160) were seen at 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 years of ag…
Self-esteem and women with disabilities
Conduct Problems Among Children at Battered Women's Shelters
Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children's development or is consistency across early childhood necessary
The role of early versus ongoing maternal responsiveness in predicting cognitive and social development was examined in home visits for mothers, full-term children (n = 103), and medically low-risk (n = 102) and high-risk (n = 77) preterm children at 5 ages. There were 4 maternal clusters based on warm and contingent responsiveness behaviors observed early (at 6, 12, and 24 months) and late (at 3 and 4 years): high early, high late; high early, l…
Patterns of adjustment among children of battered women.
Responsive parenting
Mothers whose infants varied in early biological characteristics (born at term, n 120; born at very low birth weight [VLBW], n 144) were randomized to a target group (n 133) or developmental feedback comparison group (n 131) to determine whether learning responsive behaviors would facilitate infant development. The target condition included videotaped examples, problem-solving activities, and mothers’ critique of their own behaviors through video…
Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children's development or is consistency across early childhood necessary
The role of early versus ongoing maternal responsiveness in predicting cognitive and social development was examined in home visits for mothers, full-term children (n = 103), and medically low-risk (n = 102) and high-risk (n = 77) preterm children at 5 ages. There were 4 maternal clusters based on warm and contingent responsiveness behaviors observed early (at 6, 12, and 24 months) and late (at 3 and 4 years): high early, high late; high early, l…
A responsive parenting intervention
This study examined the optimal timing (infancy, toddler-preschool, or both) for facilitating responsive parenting and the intervention effects on maternal behaviors and child social and communication skills for children who vary in biological risk. The intervention during infancy, Playing and Learning Strategies (PALS I), showed strong changes in maternal affective-emotional and cognitively responsive behaviors and infants' development. However,…
Predicting cognitive-language and social growth curves from early maternal behaviors in children at varying degrees of biological risk
Growth modeling was used to examine the relation of early parenting behaviors (averaged across 6 and 12 months) with rates of change in children's cognitive-language and social response and initiating skills assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 40 months. Groups of full-term (n = 112) and very low birth weight children, divided into medically low (n = 114) and high risk (HR; n = 73), were included to evaluate whether children who vary in their rate of deve…
My Life
The effects of a responsive parenting intervention on parent–child interactions during shared book reading
This study examined mother-child shared book reading behaviors before and after participation in a random-assignment responsive parenting intervention called Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) that occurred during infancy (PALS I), the toddler-preschool (PALS II) period, or both as compared with a developmental assessment (DAS) intervention (DAS I and/or II). The efficacy of PALS was previously demonstrated for improving mother and child behavio…
My Baby & Me”
This study examined the efficacy of a multimodule parenting intervention, "My Baby & Me," that began prenatally and continued until children reached 2.5 years of age. The intervention targeted specific parenting skills designed to alter trajectories of maternal and child development. Of 361 high-risk mothers (193 adolescents, 168 adults) enrolled across 4 states, half were randomly assigned to the high-intensity (HI) home visitation coaching prog…
Self-esteem and women with disabilities
Enhancing early child care quality and learning for toddlers at risk
Despite reports of positive effects of high-quality child care, few experimental studies have examined the process of improving low-quality center-based care for toddler-age children. In this article, we report intervention effects on child care teachers' behaviors and children's social, emotional, behavioral, early literacy, language, and math outcomes as well as the teacher-child relationship. The intervention targeted the use of a set of respo…
Adolescent Girls' Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for Relationship Violence
This research examined the relation between female adolescents' general alcohol use and their experience of relationship violence. This relation was examined both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for the proximal (i.e., situational) effects of alcohol use. One hundred and six female high school students reported on their experiences of physical violence and sexual coercion by boyfriends, general patterns of alcohol use, victimiza…
Interpersonal Violence and Women With Disabilities
Very little information exists related to the interpersonal violence safety promoting behaviors of women with disabilities. Information about women's use of safety promoting behaviors was gathered from 305 disabled and deaf women who completed an anonymous Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview. Exploratory factor analyses revealed factors related to seeking abuse-related safety information, building abuse-related safety promoting skills, using r…
Effects of social context and mothers' requesting strategies on Down's syndrome children's social responsiveness
Social context and maternal style of requesting and responsiveness were examined in teaching and social interactions in relation to 28 Down's syndrome (DS; 30 to 69 months old) and 28 mental-age matched normal children's cooperation and social initiative. Compliance for DS children was similar to normal children for child-initiated exchanges but decreased during mother-initiated exchanges, particularly in less structured situations. The DS childr…
Development of Measures of Abuse Among Women With Disabilities and the Characteristics of Their Perpetrators
Three hundred and five women with diverse disabilities completed an anonymous audio computer-assisted self-interview designed to increase women's awareness of abuse. Data were also collected regarding abuse experienced in the past year and the risk characteristics of their perpetrators. Overall, 68% reported some type of abuse. Preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of questions to assess abuse and perpetrator risk characteristics …
Conduct Problems Among Children at Battered Women's Shelters
Examining patterns of association with defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening
To reduce negative psychological affect from information or behavior that is inconsistent with one's positive self-concept, individuals use a variety of defensive strategies. It is unknown whether correlates differ across defenses. We examined correlates of four levels of defensive information processing about colorectal cancer screening. Cross-sectional surveys were completed by a convenience sample of 287 adults aged 50-75 years. Defenses measu…
Self-management of cystic fibrosis
A study of the developing relations between self-regulation and mathematical knowledge in the context of an early math intervention
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder
Purpose: This study assessed the feasibility of virtual reality (VR) exposure as an assessment and treatment modality for youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: Forty-one adolescents, 20 of which were identified as having SAD, were recruited from a community sample. Youth with and without SAD were exposed to two social virtual environments—party and public speaking—and two neutral virtual environments. Results: All youth reported sign…
Stimulus Considerations in Narrative Analysis of Normal Third Grade Children
The purpose of the present study was to examine stimulus variables when eliciting stories from normal school-age children. Subjects were 24 third grade students exhibiting at least average performance in the classroom. Results indicated that spontaneous stories yielded more clauses and more subordination whereas narratives elicited with a visual stimulus resulted in a higher level story developmentally. Results are discussed relative to establish…
A Safety Awareness Program for Women With Diverse Disabilities
Women with diverse disabilities (N = 213), recruited through 10 centers for independent living (CILs), were randomly assigned to either a personal safety awareness program or usual care. The 8-week program, led by CIL staff, was designed to increase safety awareness, abuse and safety knowledge, safety skills, safety self-efficacy, social support, and safety promoting behaviors. All participants completed pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up questio…
The Narrative Styles of Normal First and Third Grade Children
The present study assessed the oral narrative abilities of normal first and third grade children. Narratives were assessed using Applebee's (1978) system for the development of story organization. The narratives were also examined for the specific components used within the stories themselves. Findings revealed different developmental levels of narrative structure and a differentiation in the specific components within the story episodes between …
Positive and Negative Simultaneous and Successive Contrast Effects Following Shifts in Qualitative Reinforcement
In Phase 1, three groups of rats (total N = 32) received an equal number of trials in separate black and white alleys. One group received 10 sucrose pellets per trial, a second group received 10 alfalfa pellets, and a third group received 10 sucrose pellets in one alley and 10 alfalfa in the other. Start speeds produced simultaneous positive and negative contrast effects, while goal speeds showed only negative contrast. In Phase 2, half of the an…
The Narrative Styles of Normal First and Third Grade Children
The present study assessed the oral narrative abilities of normal first and third grade children. Narratives were assessed using Applebee's (1978) system for the development of story organization. The narratives were also examined for the specific components used within the stories themselves. Findings revealed different developmental levels of narrative structure and a differentiation in the specific components within the story episodes between …
Stimulus Considerations in Narrative Analysis of Normal Third Grade Children
The purpose of the present study was to examine stimulus variables when eliciting stories from normal school-age children. Subjects were 24 third grade students exhibiting at least average performance in the classroom. Results indicated that spontaneous stories yielded more clauses and more subordination whereas narratives elicited with a visual stimulus resulted in a higher level story developmentally. Results are discussed relative to establish…
The relationship between the Hardiness Test and the Personal Orientation Inventory
Japanese and American Children's Styles of Processing Figural Matrices
This investigation examined Japanese and American children's styles of processing computerized geometric matrices with a true/false and 1-3 elements and 0-2 transformations. Effectiveness of training in visual animation/construction or in verbal labeling was also considered. Prior to training, the 209 Japanese and American 7-, 10-, and 13-year-olds completed the Raven's Progressive Matrices and tests of perceptual reasoning and spatial relations.…
Crisis Intervention
10 months following a crisis-intervention training program which focused on interpretation of signal events, 17 participants more frequently reported increased belief in their ability to recognize the need for intervention and to intervene effectively than did 22 control subjects. Perceived frequency of intervention by trained participants, however, had decreased rather than increased. Implications of the findings and recommendations for research…
The Role of Hardiness in the Resolution of Grief
Little attention has been paid to personality and its role in resolving grief. This study investigated the relation of the personality factor, hardiness, to resolution of grief. In an anonymous sample of seventy widows, hardiness was a significant predictor of grief resolution in addition to general mental health, time since the death, and the widow's age. Surprisingly, whether the death was expected did not relate to the course of resolution
Effects of social context and mothers' requesting strategies on Down's syndrome children's social responsiveness
Social context and maternal style of requesting and responsiveness were examined in teaching and social interactions in relation to 28 Down's syndrome (DS; 30 to 69 months old) and 28 mental-age matched normal children's cooperation and social initiative. Compliance for DS children was similar to normal children for child-initiated exchanges but decreased during mother-initiated exchanges, particularly in less structured situations. The DS childr…
Self-management of cystic fibrosis
Breast Feeding and Children's Intelligence
Breast feeding was reported in 1992 by Lucas, et al. to provide advantages for the development of intelligence in children of low birth weight, possibly through nutrients or other biological factors found in human breast milk but not cow's milk. Research on breast feeding and intelligence in children of normal birth weight has yielded mixed results, probably because measurement of environmental influences has not been thorough and the range of in…
Predicting cognitive-language and social growth curves from early maternal behaviors in children at varying degrees of biological risk
Growth modeling was used to examine the relation of early parenting behaviors (averaged across 6 and 12 months) with rates of change in children's cognitive-language and social response and initiating skills assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 40 months. Groups of full-term (n = 112) and very low birth weight children, divided into medically low (n = 114) and high risk (HR; n = 73), were included to evaluate whether children who vary in their rate of deve…
Characteristics of social support networks of low socioeconomic status African American, Anglo American, and Mexican American mothers of full‐term and preterm infants
This study examined the relation of ethnicity to two aspects of mothers' social support: structure (friends vs. family) and quality (satisfaction vs. aggravation) for mothers from low socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds in three ethnic groups—Anglo American (n = 53), African American (n = 50), and Mexican American (n = 42). Mothers of both preterm (n = 81) and full-term infants (n = 64) were included. Mothers from Mexican American backgrounds had few…
Identification of vowel speech sounds by skilled and less skilled readers and the relation with vowel spelling
Adult Smoking in the Home Environment and Children's IQ
In a sample of 3- and 5-yr.-old children, smoking in the home was found to be significantly and inversely related to IQ. Children of normal birth weight and without neurological impairment had been enrolled in a longitudinal study of child development. Analyses were conducted with sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, educational stimulation in the home, day care, and mother's intelligence controlled. Significant results were obtained for scores …
Patterns of adjustment among children of battered women.
Early Maternal and Child Influences on Children's Later Independent Cognitive and Social Functioning
The present study examined whether parenting and child characteristics of 2- and 3H-year-old children had common paths of influence on their 4H-year independent cognitive and social functioning. Structural equation modeling was guided by hypotheses that assumed children's later independence is facilitated by specialized parental support in early social interactions. To address the importance of variability in early development for understanding c…
Maximizing the Impact of the Cystic Fibrosis Family Education Program
The impact of a health education program to help families manage chronic disease will be determined not only by the demonstrated effectiveness of the intervention but also by the quality and breadth of program implementation. A theory-based intervention is evaluated that diffuses the Cystic Fibrosis Family Education Program (CF FEP) to approximately 20,000 families nationwide. Surveys of 106 Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-certified CF centers are use…
Relation of mothers' affective developmental history and parenting behavior
Mothers of infants with varying degrees of medical risk were grouped according to their perception of acceptance or rejection in childhood. Those who recalled the highest degree of acceptance showed greater warmth and flexibility as parents, regardless of their infants' degree of medical risk. However, infant medical risk was an important moderator in relations between maternal perceptions of childhood rejection and parental behavior
Conduct Problems Among Children at Battered Women's Shelters
Does early responsive parenting have a special importance for children's development or is consistency across early childhood necessary
The role of early versus ongoing maternal responsiveness in predicting cognitive and social development was examined in home visits for mothers, full-term children (n = 103), and medically low-risk (n = 102) and high-risk (n = 77) preterm children at 5 ages. There were 4 maternal clusters based on warm and contingent responsiveness behaviors observed early (at 6, 12, and 24 months) and late (at 3 and 4 years): high early, high late; high early, l…
Precursors to Mathematical Skills
This study examined, via structural equation modeling, whether children's visual-spatial and executive process skills across 3 to 6 years of age were cognitive precursors to 8-year-old mathematical competence. The extent to which mothers directed their children's behavior at age 2 was examined in the model for its importance as an environmental influence. Full-term (n = 90) and preterm children (n = 160) were seen at 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 years of ag…
Self-esteem and women with disabilities
Adolescent Girls' Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for Relationship Violence
This research examined the relation between female adolescents' general alcohol use and their experience of relationship violence. This relation was examined both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, controlling for the proximal (i.e., situational) effects of alcohol use. One hundred and six female high school students reported on their experiences of physical violence and sexual coercion by boyfriends, general patterns of alcohol use, victimiza…
The Importance of Language, Social, and Behavioral Skills Across Early and Later Childhood as Predictors of Social Competence With Peers
(2006). The Importance of Language, Social, and Behavioral Skills Across Early and Later Childhood as Predictors of Social Competence With Peers. Applied Developmental Science: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 174-187
Responsive parenting
Mothers whose infants varied in early biological characteristics (born at term, n 120; born at very low birth weight [VLBW], n 144) were randomized to a target group (n 133) or developmental feedback comparison group (n 131) to determine whether learning responsive behaviors would facilitate infant development. The target condition included videotaped examples, problem-solving activities, and mothers’ critique of their own behaviors through video…
Psychology (42 works) · Developmental psychology (28 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (13 works) · Clinical Psychology (13 works) · Cognition (13 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Psychiatry (12 works)