Scott T Allison
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 191874 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Scott T Allison |
| NOMBRES | Scott T |
| APELLIDO | Allison |
| FIRMA | ALLISON S T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Richmond |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3459-8453 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 171 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies
This encyclopedia presents concepts, research, and events key to understanding heroism, heroic leadership, heroism development, and heroism science.
Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies
Ancient Greek Literature
Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies
Hazards of Great Leadership
The value of great leaders seems to be an unquestioned assumption. The goal of this Element is to explore the counterintuitive idea that great leaders can pose a hazard to themselves and their followers. Great leadership, which accomplishes morally commendable and difficult objectives by leaders and followers, requires competence, morality, and charisma. A hazard is a condition or event that leads to human loss, such as injury, death, or economic…
Lay Theories of Heroism and Leadership
Whereas leadership is generally perceived as a masculine enterprise, heroism research suggests that people view heroes as similarly masculine, but having more feminine traits. We predicted that heroes will be evaluated higher than leaders in communion but not differ in agency. In Study 1, heroes were perceived to have higher communion and similarly high agency as leaders. In Studies 2 and 3, we replicated these trait ratings focusing on perceptio…
Heroism Research
Heroism as an expression of self-actualization and a pinnacle social state is of fundamental interest to humanistic psychology and the field more broadly. This review places the growing discussion on heroic action in a humanistic perspective, as heroism aligns with ethical self-actualization in its highest form, personal meaning making, and social good, and can also involve profound existential costs. This review is organized in four major sectio…
Heroism Science
This article outlines the conceptual framework for a new science focused on heroism using multiple perspectives to generate a science that is explicitly in service to humanity. The role of heroism as a case study for deviant interdisciplinarity, heroism science as storytelling and story revising, and its impacts for research and communities are considered. The primary concern of the deviant agenda of heroism science is the unity of knowledge and …
Hero Worship
In this article, we review the psychology of hero development and hero worship. We propose that heroes and hero narratives fulfill important cognitive and emotional needs, including the need for wisdom, meaning, hope, inspiration, and growth. We propose a framework called the heroic leadership dynamic (HLD) to explain how need-based heroism shifts over time, from our initial attraction to heroes to later retention or repudiation of heroes. Centra…
Against the odds
Viva Viva ? Women's Meanings Associated with Male Nudity in a 1970s “For Women” Magazine
Little research has been conducted with regard to how women view male nudity. The purpose of this analysis was to present an historical case study of Viva, a 1970s women's magazine geared toward the presentation of male nudity. Implicit in Viva's editorial direction was the assumption that women's sexuality is socially constructed and, thus, modifiable but also homologous to men's sexuality. Using sexual scripting theory as a sensitizing concept,…
Tough Women in the Unlikeliest of Places
What Sort of Man Reads Playboy ?” the Self-Reported Influence of Playboy on the Construction of Masculinity
Virtually no research has explored men's phenomenological experiences with sexually explicit material. The present research examined men's self-reports regarding how they felt reading Playboy magazine had affected them and influenced their conceptualization of and interactions with women. Qualitative analysis of 22 Playboy readers' self-reports indicated that first exposure to Playboy is a very memorable event, that Playboy served as a source of …
Reflexivity in the Pornographic Films of Candida Royalle
Both conventional wisdom and prior scholarship indicate that women typically find pornography less appealing than men. Recently, researchers have suggested that the sexually explicit films of Candida Royalle represent a new form of pornography that is more attractive to women. We examined the films of Candida Royalle in terms of reflexivity, a film technique that draws attention to film conventions and the filmmaking process within the context of…
The Playboy Rabbit is Soft, Furry, and Cute
Images presented in the mass media often contain subtexts that perpetuate gender stereotypes. We suggest that in some instances, underlying messages in mass media can operate to oppose, rather than reinforce, gender stereotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we used the first ten years of Playboy magazine as our data source. We provide evidence that the magazine attempted to broaden the conceptualization of masculinity by defining as the ideal an i…
What Do Playboy Playmates Want? Implications of Expressed Preferences in the Construction of the “Unfinished” Masculine Identity
Although the literature on mate preferences indicates that women prefer men with both stereotypic masculine traits, such as strength and assertiveness, and stereotypic feminine traits, such as nurturance and sensitivity, men are encouraged to adopt identities that include only stereotypic masculine traits. This discrepancy produces gender-based role strain for men caught between the desires of women and the demands of social convention. We sugges…
Intended and unintended overconsumption of physical, spatial, and temporal resources
Two experiments investigated whether people overconsume nonpartitioned physical, spatial, and temporal resources; whether this overconsumption reflects intended or unintended processes; and whether these processes have adverse inferential and behavioral consequences. In Experiment 1, members of large groups overconsumed nonpartitioned resources of all types, especially nonpartitioned temporal resources. Moreover, these overconsumptions stemmed fr…
The quest for "similar instances" and "simultaneous possibilities
Since the time ofthe ancient Greeks, metaphors have been revered by scholars in all disciplines for their unsurpassed epistemological value. In this article, the authors review the role of the metaphor in the acquisition of knowledge and advancement of science, with specific emphasis on the ways in which metaphors have informed theory and research in social dilemmas. In highlighting the abundance and variety of social dilemma metaphors, the autho…
Group correspondence biases and the provision of public goods
Two experiments examined whether trait inferences and cooperative decisions in a social dilemma are influenced by biased perceptions of the group's past success or failure in resolving the dilemma. In each experiment, Ss joined a group that had previously either succeeded or failed to provide a step-level public good. Ss were informed of (a) the number of members who had contributed to the good, and (b) the investment quota, denned as the number …
Constructing Impressions in Demographically Diverse Organizational Settings
A Cluster-Analytic Approach Toward Identifying the Structure and Content of Human Decision Making
This article argues that theoretical and empirical progress in the field of human decision making is hampered by researchers' preoccupation with a narrow range of decision contexts. Four studies were conducted to highlight the categorical diversity of human choice behavior and to illustrate how an awareness of this diversity can promote more rigorous decision theory. In Study 1, college students were asked to list the most important decisions the…
Social decision making processes and the equal partitionment of shared resources
The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences
Social Decision Heuristics in the Use of Shared Resources
The goals of the present study were (1) to demonstrate again that subjects in social decision tasks involving shared resources cannot be modelled as strategic money maximizers, and (2) to investigate further factors that affect the use of what we have called social decision heuristics. Subjects were led to believe that they were the first of six group members to extract points from a common pool of points. Each point extracted could possibly be e…
Group decisions as social inference heuristics
Three experiments investigated whether people use group decision outcomes as heuristic cues to judge group members' attitudes
Social Decision Heuristics in the Use of Shared Resources
The goals of the present study were (1) to demonstrate again that subjects in social decision tasks involving shared resources cannot be modelled as strategic money maximizers, and (2) to investigate further factors that affect the use of what we have called social decision heuristics. Subjects were led to believe that they were the first of six group members to extract points from a common pool of points. Each point extracted could possibly be e…
Social decision making processes and the equal partitionment of shared resources
Hero Worship
In this article, we review the psychology of hero development and hero worship. We propose that heroes and hero narratives fulfill important cognitive and emotional needs, including the need for wisdom, meaning, hope, inspiration, and growth. We propose a framework called the heroic leadership dynamic (HLD) to explain how need-based heroism shifts over time, from our initial attraction to heroes to later retention or repudiation of heroes. Centra…
Social values and egocentric bias
The group attribution error
Reflexivity in the Pornographic Films of Candida Royalle
Both conventional wisdom and prior scholarship indicate that women typically find pornography less appealing than men. Recently, researchers have suggested that the sexually explicit films of Candida Royalle represent a new form of pornography that is more attractive to women. We examined the films of Candida Royalle in terms of reflexivity, a film technique that draws attention to film conventions and the filmmaking process within the context of…
What Sort of Man Reads Playboy ?” the Self-Reported Influence of Playboy on the Construction of Masculinity
Virtually no research has explored men's phenomenological experiences with sexually explicit material. The present research examined men's self-reports regarding how they felt reading Playboy magazine had affected them and influenced their conceptualization of and interactions with women. Qualitative analysis of 22 Playboy readers' self-reports indicated that first exposure to Playboy is a very memorable event, that Playboy served as a source of …
What Do Playboy Playmates Want? Implications of Expressed Preferences in the Construction of the “Unfinished” Masculine Identity
Although the literature on mate preferences indicates that women prefer men with both stereotypic masculine traits, such as strength and assertiveness, and stereotypic feminine traits, such as nurturance and sensitivity, men are encouraged to adopt identities that include only stereotypic masculine traits. This discrepancy produces gender-based role strain for men caught between the desires of women and the demands of social convention. We sugges…
Group decisions as social inference heuristics
Three experiments investigated whether people use group decision outcomes as heuristic cues to judge group members' attitudes
Group correspondence biases and the provision of public goods
Two experiments examined whether trait inferences and cooperative decisions in a social dilemma are influenced by biased perceptions of the group's past success or failure in resolving the dilemma. In each experiment, Ss joined a group that had previously either succeeded or failed to provide a step-level public good. Ss were informed of (a) the number of members who had contributed to the good, and (b) the investment quota, denned as the number …
The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences
Group attribution errors and the illusion of group attitude change
Viva Viva ? Women's Meanings Associated with Male Nudity in a 1970s “For Women” Magazine
Little research has been conducted with regard to how women view male nudity. The purpose of this analysis was to present an historical case study of Viva, a 1970s women's magazine geared toward the presentation of male nudity. Implicit in Viva's editorial direction was the assumption that women's sexuality is socially constructed and, thus, modifiable but also homologous to men's sexuality. Using sexual scripting theory as a sensitizing concept,…
The Playboy Rabbit is Soft, Furry, and Cute
Images presented in the mass media often contain subtexts that perpetuate gender stereotypes. We suggest that in some instances, underlying messages in mass media can operate to oppose, rather than reinforce, gender stereotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we used the first ten years of Playboy magazine as our data source. We provide evidence that the magazine attempted to broaden the conceptualization of masculinity by defining as the ideal an i…
Heroism Science
This article outlines the conceptual framework for a new science focused on heroism using multiple perspectives to generate a science that is explicitly in service to humanity. The role of heroism as a case study for deviant interdisciplinarity, heroism science as storytelling and story revising, and its impacts for research and communities are considered. The primary concern of the deviant agenda of heroism science is the unity of knowledge and …
Intended and unintended overconsumption of physical, spatial, and temporal resources
Two experiments investigated whether people overconsume nonpartitioned physical, spatial, and temporal resources; whether this overconsumption reflects intended or unintended processes; and whether these processes have adverse inferential and behavioral consequences. In Experiment 1, members of large groups overconsumed nonpartitioned resources of all types, especially nonpartitioned temporal resources. Moreover, these overconsumptions stemmed fr…
The quest for "similar instances" and "simultaneous possibilities
Since the time ofthe ancient Greeks, metaphors have been revered by scholars in all disciplines for their unsurpassed epistemological value. In this article, the authors review the role of the metaphor in the acquisition of knowledge and advancement of science, with specific emphasis on the ways in which metaphors have informed theory and research in social dilemmas. In highlighting the abundance and variety of social dilemma metaphors, the autho…
Impact of a group decision on perception of one's own and others' attitudes
Constructing Impressions in Demographically Diverse Organizational Settings
Effects of experience on performance in a replenishable resource trap
Against the odds
A Cluster-Analytic Approach Toward Identifying the Structure and Content of Human Decision Making
This article argues that theoretical and empirical progress in the field of human decision making is hampered by researchers' preoccupation with a narrow range of decision contexts. Four studies were conducted to highlight the categorical diversity of human choice behavior and to illustrate how an awareness of this diversity can promote more rigorous decision theory. In Study 1, college students were asked to list the most important decisions the…
The group attribution error
Effects of experience on performance in a replenishable resource trap
Utopia or myopia? A reply to Fox
Utopia or myopia? A reply to Fox
Impact of a group decision on perception of one's own and others' attitudes
Group attribution errors and the illusion of group attitude change
Social values and egocentric bias
Social Value Orientation and Helping Behavior 1
The present study investigated the relationship between people's social value orientations and helping behavior. Subjects dassified a priori as either cooperators, individualists, or competitors were mailed a request to volunteer from zero to ten hours of their time to a worthy cause. Subjects were asked to indicate on their response forms the number of hours, if any, that they wished to contribute and to retum these forms using an enclosed self‐…
On Being Better but not Smarter than Others
Past research suggests that people believe that they perform socially desirable behaviors more frequently and socially undesirable behaviors less frequently than others (Goethals, 1986; Messick, Bloom, Boldizar, & Samuelson, 1985). The present research examined whether this perception also characterizes people's thinking about intelligent and unintelligent behaviors. In Study 1, subjects wrote lists of behaviors that they or others did. Subjects …
Social Decision Heuristics in the Use of Shared Resources
The goals of the present study were (1) to demonstrate again that subjects in social decision tasks involving shared resources cannot be modelled as strategic money maximizers, and (2) to investigate further factors that affect the use of what we have called social decision heuristics. Subjects were led to believe that they were the first of six group members to extract points from a common pool of points. Each point extracted could possibly be e…
Group decisions as social inference heuristics
Three experiments investigated whether people use group decision outcomes as heuristic cues to judge group members' attitudes
A Cluster-Analytic Approach Toward Identifying the Structure and Content of Human Decision Making
This article argues that theoretical and empirical progress in the field of human decision making is hampered by researchers' preoccupation with a narrow range of decision contexts. Four studies were conducted to highlight the categorical diversity of human choice behavior and to illustrate how an awareness of this diversity can promote more rigorous decision theory. In Study 1, college students were asked to list the most important decisions the…
Social decision making processes and the equal partitionment of shared resources
The generalization of outcome-biased counter-stereotypic inferences
Group correspondence biases and the provision of public goods
Two experiments examined whether trait inferences and cooperative decisions in a social dilemma are influenced by biased perceptions of the group's past success or failure in resolving the dilemma. In each experiment, Ss joined a group that had previously either succeeded or failed to provide a step-level public good. Ss were informed of (a) the number of members who had contributed to the good, and (b) the investment quota, denned as the number …
Constructing Impressions in Demographically Diverse Organizational Settings
The quest for "similar instances" and "simultaneous possibilities
Since the time ofthe ancient Greeks, metaphors have been revered by scholars in all disciplines for their unsurpassed epistemological value. In this article, the authors review the role of the metaphor in the acquisition of knowledge and advancement of science, with specific emphasis on the ways in which metaphors have informed theory and research in social dilemmas. In highlighting the abundance and variety of social dilemma metaphors, the autho…
Intended and unintended overconsumption of physical, spatial, and temporal resources
Two experiments investigated whether people overconsume nonpartitioned physical, spatial, and temporal resources; whether this overconsumption reflects intended or unintended processes; and whether these processes have adverse inferential and behavioral consequences. In Experiment 1, members of large groups overconsumed nonpartitioned resources of all types, especially nonpartitioned temporal resources. Moreover, these overconsumptions stemmed fr…
The Playboy Rabbit is Soft, Furry, and Cute
Images presented in the mass media often contain subtexts that perpetuate gender stereotypes. We suggest that in some instances, underlying messages in mass media can operate to oppose, rather than reinforce, gender stereotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we used the first ten years of Playboy magazine as our data source. We provide evidence that the magazine attempted to broaden the conceptualization of masculinity by defining as the ideal an i…
What Do Playboy Playmates Want? Implications of Expressed Preferences in the Construction of the “Unfinished” Masculine Identity
Although the literature on mate preferences indicates that women prefer men with both stereotypic masculine traits, such as strength and assertiveness, and stereotypic feminine traits, such as nurturance and sensitivity, men are encouraged to adopt identities that include only stereotypic masculine traits. This discrepancy produces gender-based role strain for men caught between the desires of women and the demands of social convention. We sugges…
What Sort of Man Reads Playboy ?” the Self-Reported Influence of Playboy on the Construction of Masculinity
Virtually no research has explored men's phenomenological experiences with sexually explicit material. The present research examined men's self-reports regarding how they felt reading Playboy magazine had affected them and influenced their conceptualization of and interactions with women. Qualitative analysis of 22 Playboy readers' self-reports indicated that first exposure to Playboy is a very memorable event, that Playboy served as a source of …
Reflexivity in the Pornographic Films of Candida Royalle
Both conventional wisdom and prior scholarship indicate that women typically find pornography less appealing than men. Recently, researchers have suggested that the sexually explicit films of Candida Royalle represent a new form of pornography that is more attractive to women. We examined the films of Candida Royalle in terms of reflexivity, a film technique that draws attention to film conventions and the filmmaking process within the context of…
Tough Women in the Unlikeliest of Places
Viva Viva ? Women's Meanings Associated with Male Nudity in a 1970s “For Women” Magazine
Little research has been conducted with regard to how women view male nudity. The purpose of this analysis was to present an historical case study of Viva, a 1970s women's magazine geared toward the presentation of male nudity. Implicit in Viva's editorial direction was the assumption that women's sexuality is socially constructed and, thus, modifiable but also homologous to men's sexuality. Using sexual scripting theory as a sensitizing concept,…
Against the odds
Psychology (26 obras) · Social Psychology (21 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Sociology (10 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (9 obras) · Epistemology (8 obras) · Perception (8 obras) · Cognitive psychology (7 obras) · Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies (7 obras)