Antonio Pierro
Biographic Data
| ID | 194279 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Antonio Pierro |
| GIVEN NAMES | Antonio |
| FAMILY NAME | Pierro |
| SIGNATURE | PIERRO A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Sapienza University of Rome |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3847-2241 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 90 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 395 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 90 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
“Think follower, think female”: Need for cognitive closure, followership, and the mediation of congruity between follower prototype and gender stereotypes
The effect of past experiences on affective reactions to outcome uncertainty
From conspiracies to insurgence: Understanding the path from conspiracy beliefs to political engagement through the 3N model of radicalization
Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: A comparison of 24 countries during the Covid-19 pandemic
The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function o…
Antimafia action: A test for a motivational hypothesis
Facing the unknown with hope or fear: On the affective reactions to outcome uncertainty
In both lay discourse and scientific analyses, uncertainty has been often portrayed as threatening, and “fear of the unknown” has been typically proclaimed as people’s natural reaction to unpredictability. Diverse research programs in psychology emphasised the human tendency to avoid uncertainty, seek cognitive closure, crave security, and compensate for self-uncertainty by self-affirmation. Yet there is also evidence that people may feel comfort…
Deepening the Relationship Between the Need for Epistemic Certainty and People’s Compliance with Social Power: The Moderating Role of Work Unit Tightness
The present paper builds on previous research exploring the relationship between the need for cognitive closure (NCC) and employees’ compliance with harsh social power to propose a moderating role of perceived tightness within a work unit in organizational settings. Specifically, the study aimed to test the cross-level interaction between NCC and the perceived work unit tightness in fostering employee compliance with harsh power. Using a convenie…
Romantic Relationships as a Source of Significance
Drawing on significance quest theory and its derived model of romantic relationships, we demonstrated that perceiving romantic partners as having socially valued qualities (partners’ merit) and as admiring and caring (partners’ appreciation) enhanced actors’ significance gained through the romantic relationship which, in turn, increased the likelihood to enter (Studies 1A and 1B) and maintain (Study 2) romantic relationships. Further, Study 3 dem…
When the Political Right “Feels Right”, or How the Need for Cognitive Closure and Threat‐Related Uncertainty Leads Liberals to the Conservative Shift
Liberals and conservatives typically differ in their support for immigration even if there has been a recent trend of left‐wing voters supporting right‐wing immigration policies. We examined if and when liberals with a need for cognitive closure (NCC), or the desire for stable and certain knowledge, can be similar to the right‐wing in their attitudes towards immigration. In three studies (Total N = 858) in which the NCC was either measured or exp…
Think‐Leader—Think‐Who?’ The Role of Motivated Closed‐Mindedness and Positive Intergroup Contact on Secondary Transfer Effect
Prejudicial access to leadership positions for members of groups that are perceived as counterstereotypical or unfit (i.e., women, Black people, homosexuals) for leadership positions in organisations is still a matter of concern. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in Italy (a context wherein these three groups are underrepresented in leadership roles) on a sample of workers and addressed whether the outcomes of positive contact with women a…
A threat-complexity hypothesis of conspiracy thinking during the Covid-19 pandemic: Cross-national and longitudinal evidence of a three-way interaction effect of financial strain, disempowerment and p…
One way to cope with crises is by attributing their ultimate causes to malevolent conspiracies. As crises are rarely simple, and may involve an interplay between multiple, co-occurring threats, we suggest that conspiracy thinking mainly occurs among individuals who experience conditions of threat complexity - such as socioeconomic vulnerability paired with a sense of helplessness in society, and who are also sufficiently paranoid to infer a consp…
Need for cognitive closure and desire for cultural tightness mediate the effect of concern about ecological threats on the need for strong leadership
The present research utilizes an evolutionary framework to investigate the process underlying the recent rise of several populist, “strongmen” leaders. Specifically, we propose that when people experience contingent (i.e., impending) ecological threats, their need for cognitive closure is activated, making them desire strong rules (i.e., a tight society) and to be guided by a strong leader. Further, we hypothesize that desire for cultural tightne…
Natives with a need for cognitive closure can approve of immigrants’ economic effect when they trust pro-immigrant epistemic authorities
Previous research on the need for cognitive closure (NFC), or the desire for epistemic certainty, has consistently found that it is associated with negative attitudes toward immigrants, among other outgroups, potentially because they represent agents of change and/or due to a general preference for perceived stability and certainty associated with right-wing politics. However, as individuals with this need theoretically prefer stable and certain …
The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift toward a more traditional division of labor–one where women took greater responsibility for household tasks and childcare than men. We tested whether this regressive shift was more acutely perceived and experienced by women in countries with greater gender equality. Cross-cultural longitudinal survey data for women and men ( N = 10,238) was collected weekly during the first few months of the pandemic…
Epistemic Uncertainty, Social Dominance Orientation, and Prejudices toward Women in Leadership Roles: Mediation and Moderation Analyses
This research investigated the relation between the need for cognitive closure, social dominance orientation, and attitudes toward women as managers within a sample of Italian workers (N = 391) enrolled in a cross-sectional study. More specifically, we hypothesized and found that the association between need for cognitive closure and prejudice toward women managers was mediated by social dominance orientation. Notably, these results remained sign…
The mediating role of narcissism in the effects of regulatory mode on positivity
Positivity (i.e., the individual tendency to positively approach life experiences) has proven to be an effective construct applied in positive psychology. However, individuals’ self-regulation may have contrasting effects on positivity. We specifically examined whether positivity could be partially explained through two aspects of motivation concerned with self-regulation: locomotion (i.e., a motivational orientation concerned with movement) and …
When diversity leads to closed-mindedness: Cognitive factors explain the effects of perceived diversity
This paper makes a case for explaining diversity effects through cognitive factors as compared to demographic or other differences in backgrounds. We argue that studying perceived diversity in conjunction with diversity beliefs can explain positive and negative effects through a motivated opening or closing of the mind (Need for Cognitive Closure, NFCC). NFCC is the motivation to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity. In Study 1, we experimentally demo…
Intentions to be Vaccinated Against Covid-19: The Role of Prosociality and Conspiracy Beliefs across 20 Countries
Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 responden…
How and when need for cognitive closure impacts attitudes towards women managers ( Cómo y cuándo la necesidad de cierre influye en las actitudes hacia las mujeres directivas )
In recent decades, a new line of research has found associations between specific individual differences with prejudice against female leaders. In three studies collected in Italy with heterogeneous samples (Total N = 391), we investigated the relationship between self-reported need for cognitive closure (NCC) and attitudes towards women as managers. In Study 1a we used a sample of Italian students and hypothesized that higher NCC is associated w…
People act extremely toward their amorous partner when they feel insignificant
Drawing on significance quest theory, we hypothesized that when people in romantic relationships experience a general feeling of significance loss, they should develop an obsessive passion toward their partner, which in turn should enhance their willingness to act in an extreme manner to maintain their relationship (i.e., their remaining source of significance). To test this hypothesis, we ran two cross‐sectional studies and a longitudinal one. T…
Pandemic boredom: Little evidence that lockdown-related boredom affects risky public health behaviors across 116 countries
Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sampl…
Take Back the Land’: Analysis of the influence of environmental concern, cultural tightness and moral disengagement on pro‐environmental behaviour intentions
Our study found that individuals' environmental concerns are positively associated with their pro‐environmental behavioural intentions through increased desired cultural tightness and reduced moral disengagement. Based on past research on (a) the positive association between personal concerns for ecological threats and desire for strong rules and punishment for violation (i.e., cultural tightness) and (b) the negative impact of moral disengagemen…
At the roots of Allport’s “prejudice-prone personality”: The impact of need for cognitive closure on prejudice towards different outgroups and the mediating role of binding moral foundations
In line with the seminal ideas on the “prejudice-prone personality” provided by Allport (1954) in the book The Nature of Prejudice, various studies have highlighted the association between individuals’ high need for cognitive closure (NCC) and prejudice towards various outgroups. Nonetheless, evidence on the invariance of individuals’ prejudice towards different outgroups is still missing. Study 1 and Study 2 aimed to provide evidence that indivi…
Addressing the effect of concern with Covid-19 threat on prejudice towards immigrants: The sequential mediating role of need for cognitive closure and desire for cultural tightness
The link between threat and anti-immigrant prejudice is well-established. Relatedly, recent research has also shown that situational threats (such as concern with COVID-19 threat) increase anti-immigrant prejudice through the mediating role of desire for cultural tightness. This study aims to further our understanding of the psychological processes underlying the relation between concern with COVID-19 threat and increased negative attitudes towar…
Frustration–aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest
One of the oldest scientific theories of human aggression is the frustration–aggression hypothesis, advanced in 1939. Although this theory has received considerable empirical support and is alive and well today, its underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial …
The statistical analysis of data from small groups
The authors elaborate the complications and the opportunities inherent in the statistical analysis of small-group data. They begin by discussing nonindependence of group members' scores and then consider standard methods for the analysis of small-group data and determine that these methods do not take into account this nonindependence. A new method is proposed that uses multilevel modeling and allows for negative nonindependence and mutual influe…
To "do the right thing" or to "just do it: Locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives
Significance-Quest Theory
Even though the motivation to feel worthy, to be respected, and to matter to others has been identified for centuries by scholars, the antecedents, consequences, and conditions of its activation have not been systematically analyzed or integrated. The purpose of this article is to offer such an integration. We feature a motivational construct, the quest for significance, defined as the need to have social worth. This need is typically fulfilled b…
The Social Cognition of Immigrants' Acculturation: Effects of the Need for Closure and the Reference Group at Entry
Three studies found support for the notion that immigrants' acculturation to the host culture is interactively determined by their need for cognitive closure (A. W. Kruglanski & D. M. Webster, 1996) and the reference group they forge on their arrival. If such reference group is fashioned by close social relations with coethnics, the higher the immigrants' need for closure, the weaker their tendency to assimilate to the new culture and the stronge…
When similarity breeds content: Need for closure and the allure of homogeneous and self-resembling groups
Four studies explored the relation between members' need for cognitive closure and their feelings toward groups. It was found that high (vs. low) need for closure individuals liked in-groups and out-groups more as function of the degree to which their membership was perceived as homogeneous (Studies 1-4), provided it was also self-similar (Studies 3 and 4). These results are discussed in terms of the relation between need for closure and homogene…
Motivated Cognition and Group Interaction: Need for Closure Affects the Contents and Processes of Collective Negotiations
Two studies investigated need for cognitive closure effects on group interaction. In both, participants in four-person groups role-played the members of a corporate committee dividing a monetary reward among meritorious employees. The entire interaction sequence was videotaped and content-analyzed by independent observers. Study 1 investigated need for closure as both a dispositional and a situational variable (induced via time pressure). Bales' …
Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay-saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) critique of the Need for Closure Scale
Informational length and order of presentation as determinants of persuasion
Regulatory mode effects on counterfactual thinking and regret
The present studies examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns—a locomotion concern with movement from state to state and an assessment concern with making comparisons [see Higgins, E. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Pierro, A. (2003). Regulatory mode: Locomotion and assessment as distinct orientations. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 293–344). New York: Academic Press]—on engaging in counterfac…
Motivated prejudice: The effect of need for closure on anti-immigrant attitudes in the United States and Italy and the mediating role of binding moral foundations
The Trials of Women Leaders in the Workforce: How a Need for Cognitive Closure can Influence Acceptance of Harmful Gender Stereotypes
How many roads lead to Rome? Equifinality set-size and commitment to goals and means
Four studies examined the relation between the number of equifinal means to a goal, actors' commitment to that goal, and their commitment to the means. In Study 1, participants freely generated varying number of means to two of their work goals. In Study 2, they generated social means to their goals (people they viewed as helpful to goal attainment). In Studies 3 and 4, the number of means to participants' goals was experimentally manipulated. Al…
On the psychology of time in action: Regulatory mode orientations and procrastination
Six studies explored the relations of the regulatory modes of locomotion and assessment to individuals' tendency toward procrastination. Across academic and organizational contexts, and a variety of ways of assessing procrastination, the authors found assessment to be positively related to procrastination and locomotion to be negatively related to procrastination. Discussion considered implications of these findings to task environments that may …
Frustration–aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest
One of the oldest scientific theories of human aggression is the frustration–aggression hypothesis, advanced in 1939. Although this theory has received considerable empirical support and is alive and well today, its underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial …
Locomoting toward well-being or getting entangled in a material world: Regulatory modes and affective well-being
Parenting, Peer Orientation, Drug Use, and Antisocial Behavior in Late Adolescence: A Cross-National Study
Addressing the effect of concern with Covid-19 threat on prejudice towards immigrants: The sequential mediating role of need for cognitive closure and desire for cultural tightness
The link between threat and anti-immigrant prejudice is well-established. Relatedly, recent research has also shown that situational threats (such as concern with COVID-19 threat) increase anti-immigrant prejudice through the mediating role of desire for cultural tightness. This study aims to further our understanding of the psychological processes underlying the relation between concern with COVID-19 threat and increased negative attitudes towar…
Relevance Override: On the Reduced Impact of "Cues" Under High-Motivation Conditions of Persuasion Studies
This research addressed the reduced impact of cues under high processing motivation of persuasion experiments. The results of 3 studies suggested that such reduced impact is due to a relevance override whereby any more subjectively relevant information swamps the effects of any less subjectively relevant information, given the recipient's sufficient motivation to process both. Because, in much persuasion research, cues may have been perceived as …
Need for Closure, Torture, and Punishment Motivations: The Mediating Role of Moral Foundations
When considering how criminals should be punished, most individuals prefer retributive (i.e., punishment compensating for the harm caused by the perpetrator) over utilitarian justice (i.e., punishment with the intent to deter future crime). However, past research has found that individuals with a high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure (NCC) are more likely to endorse utilitarian punishment. In three studies, we replicated past research on the …
Who regrets more after choosing a non-status-quo option? Post decisional regret under need for cognitive closure
Arguing and laughing: The use of humor to negotiate in group discussions
The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift toward a more traditional division of labor–one where women took greater responsibility for household tasks and childcare than men. We tested whether this regressive shift was more acutely perceived and experienced by women in countries with greater gender equality. Cross-cultural longitudinal survey data for women and men ( N = 10,238) was collected weekly during the first few months of the pandemic…
Identifying important individual‐ and country‐level predictors of conspiracy theorizing: A machine learning analysis
Psychological research on the predictors of conspiracy theorizing—explaining important social and political events or circumstances as secret plots by malevolent groups—has flourished in recent years. However, research has typically examined only a small number of predictors in one, or a small number of, national contexts. Such approaches make it difficult to examine the relative importance of predictors, and risk overlooking some potentially rel…
Individual Differences Underlying Punishment Motivation: The Role of Need for Cognitive Closure
Two motivations underlying punishment can be distinguished. On the one hand, the retributive motivation prescribes that punishment should be proportional to the moral offense caused. On the other hand, according the utilitarian perspective, punishment should be aimed at protecting society by reducing the likelihood of similar infractions. Previous research did not examine whether individual differences could lead to a preference for one of the tw…
Tailoring visual images to fit: Value creation in persuasive messages
The present studies aimed to extend Regulatory Fit Theory in the domain of persuasive communication by (a) using printed advertisement images without any verbal claim, instead of purely or mostly verbal messages; (b) selecting the images to fit the distinct orientations of regulatory mode rather than regulatory focus; and (c) priming regulatory mode orientation instead of relying on chronic prevalence of either locomotion or assessment orientatio…
Health care workers' reactions to Aids victims: Perception of risk and attribution of responsibility
Reactions of health care workers to AIDS and its patients were investigated in a survey conducted in state health care institutions in different areas of Italy. Results show that health care workers (differently from the general population) do not see themselves as less vulnerable to AIDS risk than the typical citizen. Furthermore, nurses perceive themselves to be exposed to higher risk than doctors. AIDS patients are judged as personally respons…
Determinants of intentions to practise safe sex among 16–25 year-olds
This study aimed at predicting intentions to avoid casual sex and to use condoms, through self-efficacy, attitudes, optimistic bias in perceived risk, knowledge and past sexual risk behaviour. To this end, a mixed-sex sample of high school and university students between 16 and 25 years completed questionnaires at two points in time. Intentions to avoid casual sex were predicted positively by the attitude towards avoiding casual sex and assertive…
Psychological theory testing versus psychometric nay-saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) critique of the Need for Closure Scale
Motivated Cognition and Group Interaction: Need for Closure Affects the Contents and Processes of Collective Negotiations
Two studies investigated need for cognitive closure effects on group interaction. In both, participants in four-person groups role-played the members of a corporate committee dividing a monetary reward among meritorious employees. The entire interaction sequence was videotaped and content-analyzed by independent observers. Study 1 investigated need for closure as both a dispositional and a situational variable (induced via time pressure). Bales' …
To "do the right thing" or to "just do it: Locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives
When similarity breeds content: Need for closure and the allure of homogeneous and self-resembling groups
Four studies explored the relation between members' need for cognitive closure and their feelings toward groups. It was found that high (vs. low) need for closure individuals liked in-groups and out-groups more as function of the degree to which their membership was perceived as homogeneous (Studies 1-4), provided it was also self-similar (Studies 3 and 4). These results are discussed in terms of the relation between need for closure and homogene…
The statistical analysis of data from small groups
The authors elaborate the complications and the opportunities inherent in the statistical analysis of small-group data. They begin by discussing nonindependence of group members' scores and then consider standard methods for the analysis of small-group data and determine that these methods do not take into account this nonindependence. A new method is proposed that uses multilevel modeling and allows for negative nonindependence and mutual influe…
Regulatory Mode: Locomotion and Assessment as Distinct Orientations
Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Prediction of Health Behavior and Leisure Activity
To compare the predictive power of an expanded model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with that of the original TPB, two studies were conducted in which, in addition to the classical variables of the TPB model (such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), variables concerning self-identity were also taken into account. Two independent samples of Italian subjects (N 1 =288, N 2 =188) were recruited to study behavi…
Searching for commonalities in human judgement: The parametric unimodel and its dual mode alternatives
We outline a uniform model of human judgement wherein individuals combine situational information with relevant background knowledge to form conclusions. Several judgemental parameters are identified whose specific intersections determine whether given situational information would affect judgements. Abstraction of features from surface manifestations and focus on underlying commonalities afford theoretical integration across judgemental domains …
Arguing and laughing: The use of humor to negotiate in group discussions
Recycling: Planned and self-expressive behaviour
The Social Cognition of Immigrants' Acculturation: Effects of the Need for Closure and the Reference Group at Entry
Three studies found support for the notion that immigrants' acculturation to the host culture is interactively determined by their need for cognitive closure (A. W. Kruglanski & D. M. Webster, 1996) and the reference group they forge on their arrival. If such reference group is fashioned by close social relations with coethnics, the higher the immigrants' need for closure, the weaker their tendency to assimilate to the new culture and the stronge…
Informational length and order of presentation as determinants of persuasion
Relevance Override: On the Reduced Impact of "Cues" Under High-Motivation Conditions of Persuasion Studies
This research addressed the reduced impact of cues under high processing motivation of persuasion experiments. The results of 3 studies suggested that such reduced impact is due to a relevance override whereby any more subjectively relevant information swamps the effects of any less subjectively relevant information, given the recipient's sufficient motivation to process both. Because, in much persuasion research, cues may have been perceived as …
Parenting, Peer Orientation, Drug Use, and Antisocial Behavior in Late Adolescence: A Cross-National Study
Groups as epistemic providers: Need for closure and the unfolding of group-centrism.
Theory and research are presented relating the need for cognitive closure to major facets of group behavior. It is suggested that a high need for closure, whether it is based on members' disposition or the situation, contributes to the emergence of a behavioral syndrome describable as group-centrism--a pattern that includes pressures to opinion uniformity, encouragement of autocratic leadership, in-group favoritism, rejection of deviates, resista…
Persuasion According to the Unimodel: Implications for Cancer Communication
This study describes a unimodel of persuasion offered as an alternative to the dual-process models (the elaboration likelihood model and the heuristic-systematic model) in which the term persuasion has been understood over the past two decades. The unimodel asserts that information previously referred to as (peripheral or heuristic) cues and that referred to as message or issue arguments are functionally equivalent in the persuasion process: Both…
Who regrets more after choosing a non-status-quo option? Post decisional regret under need for cognitive closure
Biassed processing of persuasive information: On the functional equivalence of cues and message arguments
Research on persuasion has shown that inferences based on heuristic or peripheral cues can bias the subsequent processing of persuasive messages. Two studies (total N = 296) examined the additional possibilities that a message argument can serve as a biassing factor and cue‐related information can serve as the target of processing bias. It was demonstrated that a message argument can bias (a) the processing of subsequent other message arguments (…
Regulatory mode effects on counterfactual thinking and regret
The present studies examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns—a locomotion concern with movement from state to state and an assessment concern with making comparisons [see Higgins, E. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Pierro, A. (2003). Regulatory mode: Locomotion and assessment as distinct orientations. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 293–344). New York: Academic Press]—on engaging in counterfac…
Three decades of lay epistemics: The why, how, and who of knowledge formation
A conceptual integration and review are presented of three separate research programmes informed by the theory of lay epistemics (Kruglanski, 1989 Kruglanski, A. W. 1989. Lay epistemics and human knowledge: Cognitive and motivational bases, New York: Plenum. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). They respectively address the “why”, “how”, and “who” questions about human knowledge formation. The “why” question is treated in work on the need for cognitiv…
Priming the ant or the grasshopper in people's mind: How regulatory mode affects inter‐temporal choices
The present study examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns—a locomotion concern with movement from state to state and an assessment concern with making comparisons—on choices between immediate and delayed (from 2 to 6 weeks) money rewards. Regulatory mode orientation was induced by means of a priming procedure. We predicted that the choices in the assessment condition would be less impulsive and more far‐sighted than those in the lo…
Followers’ satisfaction from working with group-prototypic leaders: Promotion focus as moderator
Let there be no mistake! On assessment mode and the transference effect in social perception
Psychology (86 works) · Social Psychology (82 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (48 works) · Social Psychology (37 works) · Political science (31 works) · Cognition (27 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (25 works) · Cognitive psychology (21 works) · Computer Science (20 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (20 works)