M B Brickley
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 19485 |
|---|---|
| NOME | M B Brickley |
| PRENOMES | M B |
| SOBRENOME | Brickley |
| ASSINATURA | BRICKLEY M B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | McMaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8934-1527 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 75 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 505 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 75 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Porous skeletal lesions in perspective
OBJECTIVE: Porous skeletal lesion (PSL) is a descriptive term for bone altered by macroscopic perforations or pits. This paper seeks to assist researchers in meaningfully interpreting PSLs by offering perspectives on the currently available imaging modalities and approaches to better evaluate these important lesions. As a macro-morphological category, PSL is diagnostically non-specific; such lesions can result from formative defects, resorptive a…
Ecology of Malaria Mortality
Social Determinants of Spinal Pathology in Adolescents From Urban Centers in the Post‐Medieval Netherlands (1650–1850 CE )
The study of trauma in individuals undergoing growth and development remains an understudied area of research but can provide unique insights into the lived experiences and social identities of young people in the past. This study examines vertebral compression fractures and Schmorl's nodes in children and adolescents (1–20 years at death) from four post‐medieval Dutch urban centers (1650–1850 CE ) to explore how age, socioeconomic status (SES), …
Ecologies of Risk
Malaria's persistence in 19th-century Ontario reflected a structural embedding of disease risk within settler-transformed landscapes. Deforestation, altered hydrology, and agricultural intensification created ecologies conducive to mosquito breeding. Vulnerability was not evenly distributed but shaped by age, labor, and proximity to altered environments. These findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental and historical data to …
Physical Impairment or Disability? Three Cases of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip from Grote Kerk, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (A.D. 1716–1830)
Disability is part of the human experience, yet until recently, the lived experiences of individuals affected by physical impairment have been overlooked in bioarchaeological studies. Disability is a social construct; how we define disability is culturally specific, which makes identifying disability in archaeological contexts difficult. However, by defining disability as the inability to function within expected lifeways, it is possible to exami…
Heterogeneity in experiences of vitamin D deficiency in an early to mid-19th century population from Montreal, Quebec
OBJECTIVE: To use the prevalence of prenatal/infancy interglobular dentine (IGD) as a proxy for suboptimal vitamin D status and explore its link to mortality, biological sex, cultural behaviours and environmental factors during the end of the pre-industrial/ beginning of the industrial period. MATERIALS: 50 skeletons from the St. Antoine cemetery (1799-1854), Montreal, Quebec with a well-preserved first mandibular molar. METHODS: Thin sections we…
Skeletal manifestations of anemia in the sternum in a modern clinical sample
Anemia is a globally significant condition, both today and throughout history. Studying how it affected past communities contributes to understanding its impact on vulnerable groups. However, anemia diagnosis in skeletal remains is challenging, and improving methods for diagnosis is necessary for moving forward. In current clinical practice, sternal bone marrow undergoes anemia-related changes, which could affect underlying bone structure, but th…
Precarious adolescence
Dietary calcium versus vitamin D in rickets
Is dietary deficiency of calcium a factor in rickets? Use of current evidence for our understanding of the disease in the past
OBJECTIVE: Rickets is considered an indicator of vitamin D deficiency in palaeopathology, but a strand of biomedical thought maintains that dietary calcium deficiency may sometimes play a part in its causation. Our aim is to evaluate the extent to which low calcium intake should be considered as a factor in biocultural interpretations of rickets. METHODS: We assess published modern epidemiological studies that provide primary data to support clai…
Bioarchaeological Approaches to the Study of Adolescence
Adolescence is a key phase of the life course in modern western society, yet the study of adolescence in past populations has only recently developed. In this paper, we explore patterns of biological and social changes during adolescence, some of the challenges associated with this type of research, and how bioarchaeologists can explore this transitional period of life using macroscopic and biochemical approaches. We also examine why investigatio…
Twenty-first century bioarchaeology
This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled "Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward," which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6-8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both g…
A joint medico-historical and paleopathological perspective on vitamin D deficiency prevalence in post-Medieval Netherlands
Commentary
Data sharing not applicable - no new datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study
Quantifying cortical bone in fragmentary archeological second metacarpals
Objectives Skeletal variation in cortical bone thickness is an indicator of bone quality and health in archeological populations. Second metacarpal radiogrammetry, which measures cortical thickness at the shaft midpoint, is traditionally used to evaluate bone loss in bioarcheological and some clinical contexts. However fragmentary elements are regularly omitted because the midpoint cannot be determined. This methodological limitation reduces samp…
Intersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology
Intersectionality, the theory named by Kimberlé Crenshaw, outlines how multiple elements of an individual's social identity overlap to create and preserve societal inequalities and discrimination. Recently bioarchaeology's engagement with intersectionality has become increasingly explicit, as the field recognizes the lived experience of multiple axes of an individual's identity. Evidence of trauma can remain observable in an individual's skeleton…
Child and adolescent diet in Late Roman Gaul
Incremental analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in tooth dentine is used to explore child and adolescent diet among individuals in the Late Roman Michelet Necropolis (Lisieux, France; fourth to fifth centuries CE). We analyzed 292 incremental sections from 46 second and third molars to explore dietary patterns between the ages of 4.5 and 23.5 years. Results indicate that individuals consumed more, or higher trophic level, terrestrial-…
Dental Health and Dietary Difference at Late Roman Winchester
Gendered experiences are not static but are influenced by other aspects of identity. This study investigates the influence of interrelated aspects of identity on diet through an analysis of dental health at Late Roman Winchester (fourth and fifth centuries A.D.), England. Specifically, we investigate the influence of age and social status on gendered dietary experiences. Antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), carious lesions, and tooth wear were recorded …
An Investigation of Micro-CT Analysis of Bone as a New Diagnostic Method for Paleopathological Cases of Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and hip fracture
Using teeth as tools
OBJECTIVES: With a growing interest in the mother-infant dyad and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis among biological and medical anthropologists, this study set out to provide all the information required to evaluate if mineralization defects in dentine might be caused by vitamin D deficiency in the critical first 1000 days of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information was compiled on dentine formation in utero to approxima…
Maintaining mobility after fracture
Perimortem fracture manifestations and mortality after hip fracture in a documented skeletal series
Micro‐CT assessment of dental mineralization defects indicative of vitamin D deficiency in two 17th–19th century Dutch communities
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates vitamin D deficiency patterns in individuals from birth to the beginning of adolescence. Microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluation of interglobular dentine (IGD) in teeth provides information on the age of disease onset and the number of deficient periods per individual, which will increase our understanding of factors influencing vitamin D deficiency prevalence, including sociocultural practices an…
Mobility and rickets
The aims of this study are twofold: first, to consider Vitamin D deficiency during two periods of growth and, second, consider Vitamin D deficiency with respect to evidence for migration and mobility in a skeletal assemblage (n = 169) from Aventicum, Roman Switzerland (first to third century CE). Vitamin D deficiency was evaluated macroscopically, and individuals with evidence of Vitamin D deficiency (n = 3) were assessed histologically for inter…
Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis
OBJECTIVES: Porotic lesions of the skull (cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis) are one of the most common types of lesion identified in archaeological human bone and have also been found in hominins and non-human primates. Because of the frequency with which such lesions are found there has been extensive debate on the possible causes and whether they are linked, with much of the debate centering on anemia. The biological approach to diagno…
Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy
Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner …
Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in a historic population from England
Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry‐bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and…
The effects of socioeconomic status on endochondral and appositional bone growth, and acquisition of cortical bone in children from 19th century Birmingham, England
Endochondral growth, appositional growth, and acquisition of cortical bone thickness in the femur are investigated in subadult skeletons ( N = 43, dental age range birth to 12 years) from the 19 th ‐century AD burial site of St. Martin's churchyard, Birmingham, England. Endochondral growth is monitored using diaphyseal femoral length. Appositional growth is monitored using radiographic midshaft mediolateral width and acquisition of cortical bone …
Experimental evidence for lithic projectile injuries
You are not what you eat during physiological stress
Variation in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values can be assessed to understand not only diet, but also the influence of physiological factors on an individual. The metabolic balance of an individual can impact isotopic signals in tissues that are forming during the periods of metabolic stress. Fluctuating δ 15 N values are associated with physiological stressors that alter an individual's metabolism such as infection, injury, or pregnancy. This study examin…
Twenty-first century bioarchaeology
This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled "Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward," which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6-8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both g…
Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence
Patterns of violence and the type and distribution of resulting injuries are highly culturally specific. In this study, skeletal data from a historic cemetery (St. Martin's, England) are combined with contemporary sources and modern clinical data to enable the patterning of violence-related injuries to be interpreted. Particular consideration was given to the possibility of a relationship between commonly occurring types of violence and those tha…
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expr…
The rachitic tooth
Skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia in documented historical collections
The frequency with which changes related to vitamin D deficiency are recorded in juvenile bone from archaeological contexts makes it clear that conditions conducive to such deficiency were fairly widespread at a number of points in the past. Although changes will take longer to be manifest in the adult skeleton than in juveniles, and may not be as obvious, the scarcity of reported cases suggests that it is likely that cases of osteomalacia are be…
Evaluation and interpretation of residual rickets deformities in adults
Recent research has considerably improved the recognition and recording of rickets and osteomalacia in archaeological human bone, but the recognition and recording of residual deformities of rickets present in adults is still limited. The aim of this study was to assist with differential diagnosis of residual rickets deformities and determine which of the deformities that are characteristic of rickets could be identified in the adult skeleton. Lo…
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birming…
Rib fractures in the archaeological record
Investigation of palaeopathological fractures has been shown to provide important information on past societies. However, despite the fact that rib fractures are amongst the most commonly recorded types of fractures in archaeological bone, little attention has been paid to them. Although there will be sites with badly preserved ribs, making their study difficult, this will not always be the case. Recent clinical investigations have highlighted th…
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
The West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working-class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D defi…
A procedural guide to metacarpal radiogrammetry in archaeology
The technique of metacarpal radiogrammetry was devised in 1960 as a clinical method to aid in the identification of thinned cortical bone, which may help in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Through taking measurements from radiographs, calculations of the amount of cortical bone can be made. The technique is relatively simple and is not destructive. This paper examines the value of the application of this technique to archaeological remains. A standard…
An investigation of historical and archaeological evidence for age-related bone loss and osteoporosis
A growing awareness of the problems caused by osteoporosis-related fractures has led to increased investigation of the condition in past populations. The present study seeks to examine the ways in which osteoporosis-related fractures may be explored through different approaches; modern clinical information, historical records of fractures and analysis of archaeological bone may provide fuller information on the condition. The three types of fract…
Measurement of Changes in Trabecular Bone Structure with Age in an Archaeological Population
Metacarpal radiogrammetry
Intersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology
Intersectionality, the theory named by Kimberlé Crenshaw, outlines how multiple elements of an individual's social identity overlap to create and preserve societal inequalities and discrimination. Recently bioarchaeology's engagement with intersectionality has become increasingly explicit, as the field recognizes the lived experience of multiple axes of an individual's identity. Evidence of trauma can remain observable in an individual's skeleton…
Analysis and interpretation of flint toolmarks found on bones from West Tump long barrow, Gloucestershire
West Tump is a Neolithic chambered tomb originally excavated in 1880. The mound was found to contain a mixed skeletal assemblage, the majority of which was disarticulated. Between 2000 and 2001 material from the site including human bone was re-examined with a portion of this project focused on taphonomic evidence observed on the human skeletal material. Amongst the factors selected for investigation were deliberate toolmarks. Three specimens wer…
Using teeth as tools
OBJECTIVES: With a growing interest in the mother-infant dyad and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis among biological and medical anthropologists, this study set out to provide all the information required to evaluate if mineralization defects in dentine might be caused by vitamin D deficiency in the critical first 1000 days of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information was compiled on dentine formation in utero to approxima…
Latitude, urbanization, age, and sex as risk factors for vitamin D deficiency disease in the Roman Empire
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are to investigate the effects of latitude, settlement type, age, and sex on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency disease in the Roman Empire using human skeletal remains from cemetery sites (1st to 6th cent. AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 2,787 individuals (1,143 subadults, 1,644 adults) from 18 cemeteries associated with 15 different settlements in the Mediterranean and north-western Europe were analyz…
Exploring Dietary Variability in a War of 1812 Skeletal Collection from Stoney Creek, Ontario, Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
The skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5-3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological spe…
The third meeting of the Osteoarchaeological Research Group, University of Leicester School of Archaeological Studies, 18 November 1995
Determination of Mineral Composition of Archaeological Bone using Energy-dispersive Low-angle X-ray Scattering
Measuring Bone Mineral Density in Archaeological Bone using Energy Dispersive Low Angle X-Ray Scattering Techniques
Measurement of Changes in Trabecular Bone Structure with Age in an Archaeological Population
An investigation of historical and archaeological evidence for age-related bone loss and osteoporosis
A growing awareness of the problems caused by osteoporosis-related fractures has led to increased investigation of the condition in past populations. The present study seeks to examine the ways in which osteoporosis-related fractures may be explored through different approaches; modern clinical information, historical records of fractures and analysis of archaeological bone may provide fuller information on the condition. The three types of fract…
The Young Woman and her Baby or the Juvenile and their Dog
The results of the re-analysis of the bone from West Tump long barrow, Gloucestershire, which was originally excavated in the late nineteenth century, are presented in this paper. The study revealed that the young woman and her baby mentioned by the excavator are in fact a juvenile of indeterminate sex and a dog. It is possible that this represents one of the youngest dogs to have been placed in association with a human burial from England. The f…
A procedural guide to metacarpal radiogrammetry in archaeology
The technique of metacarpal radiogrammetry was devised in 1960 as a clinical method to aid in the identification of thinned cortical bone, which may help in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Through taking measurements from radiographs, calculations of the amount of cortical bone can be made. The technique is relatively simple and is not destructive. This paper examines the value of the application of this technique to archaeological remains. A standard…
Analysis and interpretation of flint toolmarks found on bones from West Tump long barrow, Gloucestershire
West Tump is a Neolithic chambered tomb originally excavated in 1880. The mound was found to contain a mixed skeletal assemblage, the majority of which was disarticulated. Between 2000 and 2001 material from the site including human bone was re-examined with a portion of this project focused on taphonomic evidence observed on the human skeletal material. Amongst the factors selected for investigation were deliberate toolmarks. Three specimens wer…
Metacarpal radiogrammetry
Skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia in documented historical collections
The frequency with which changes related to vitamin D deficiency are recorded in juvenile bone from archaeological contexts makes it clear that conditions conducive to such deficiency were fairly widespread at a number of points in the past. Although changes will take longer to be manifest in the adult skeleton than in juveniles, and may not be as obvious, the scarcity of reported cases suggests that it is likely that cases of osteomalacia are be…
Experimental evidence for lithic projectile injuries
The Date and Sequence of Use of Neolithic Funerary Monuments
In this paper we discuss 26 new Neolithic AMS dates obtained from human and animal bone from four previously undated funerary monuments in the Cotswold‐Severn region. By strategically targeting particular portions of these skeletal assemblages, a number of valuable inferences are made concerning the extent of variation in apparently co‐existing burial practices both within and between monuments. Of particular interest is the observation that vari…
Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy
Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner …
Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in a historic population from England
Gross and radiographic changes characteristic of inadequate bone mineralization due to rickets are described in 21 immature skeletons from a 19th century urban population from Birmingham, England. The aims of the study are as follows: to evaluate and if possible augment existing dry‐bone criteria for the recognition of rickets in immature skeletal remains; to investigate the value of radiography for the paleopathological diagnosis of rickets; and…
Rib fractures in the archaeological record
Investigation of palaeopathological fractures has been shown to provide important information on past societies. However, despite the fact that rib fractures are amongst the most commonly recorded types of fractures in archaeological bone, little attention has been paid to them. Although there will be sites with badly preserved ribs, making their study difficult, this will not always be the case. Recent clinical investigations have highlighted th…
Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence
Patterns of violence and the type and distribution of resulting injuries are highly culturally specific. In this study, skeletal data from a historic cemetery (St. Martin's, England) are combined with contemporary sources and modern clinical data to enable the patterning of violence-related injuries to be interpreted. Particular consideration was given to the possibility of a relationship between commonly occurring types of violence and those tha…
An investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin D deficiency in adults
Vitamin D deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. Therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. This study aimed to understand the expr…
Skeletal evidence for hyperparathyroidism in a 19th century child with rickets
The skeletal remains of a child aged 2.5-3.5 years, recovered during archaeological excavations at the churchyard of St Martin's Church, Birmingham, UK, were examined using gross observation, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. Lesions suggestive of the presence of rickets and of secondary hyperparathyroidism were found. This appears to be a first report of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to rickets in a palaeopathological spe…
The Study of Metabolic Bone Disease in Bioarchaeology
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birming…
The effects of socioeconomic status on endochondral and appositional bone growth, and acquisition of cortical bone in children from 19th century Birmingham, England
Endochondral growth, appositional growth, and acquisition of cortical bone thickness in the femur are investigated in subadult skeletons ( N = 43, dental age range birth to 12 years) from the 19 th ‐century AD burial site of St. Martin's churchyard, Birmingham, England. Endochondral growth is monitored using diaphyseal femoral length. Appositional growth is monitored using radiographic midshaft mediolateral width and acquisition of cortical bone …
Growth and vitamin D deficiency in a population from 19th century Birmingham, England
The West Midlands of England were the cradle of the Industrial Revolution. The 19th century AD skeletal remains from St Martin's Church, Birmingham, West Midlands, provided an important opportunity to assess the health of an urban, working-class population at this key point in British history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rickets on growth in this population. Modern clinical data suggest that those with vitamin D defi…
Identification of urate crystals in gouty individuals
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the investigation of gout in palaeopathology
Gout is a disease caused by the abnormal accumulation of uric acid in the body, which can result in sodium urate crystals forming tophi at joints, with associated erosion of bone and cartilage. Only two examples of tophi have been reported from archaeological individuals, and the diagnosis of gout based on dry bone manifestations can be difficult. This paper presents preliminary results of a new technique to aid the diagnosis of gout in palaeopat…
Evaluation and interpretation of residual rickets deformities in adults
Recent research has considerably improved the recognition and recording of rickets and osteomalacia in archaeological human bone, but the recognition and recording of residual deformities of rickets present in adults is still limited. The aim of this study was to assist with differential diagnosis of residual rickets deformities and determine which of the deformities that are characteristic of rickets could be identified in the adult skeleton. Lo…
Medicine (55 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (50 obras) · Internal Medicine (28 obras) · Paleopathology and ancient diseases (25 obras) · Pathology (24 obras) · Archaeology (23 obras) · Vitamin D and neurology (23 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Osteoporosis (19 obras) · Rickets (18 obras)