M J Shanahan
Biographic Data
| ID | 19546 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M J Shanahan |
| GIVEN NAMES | M J |
| FAMILY NAME | Shanahan |
| SIGNATURE | SHANAHAN M J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2139-3459 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 980 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 44 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Socioeconomic status across the early life course predicts gene expression signatures of disease and senescence
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many chronic diseases, indicators of senescence and mortality. However, the changing salience of SES in the prediction of adult health is not well understood. Using mRNA-seq abundance data from wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examine the extent to which SES across the early life course is related to gene expression-based signatures f…
Explaining the Occupational Structure of Depressive Symptoms: Precarious Work and Social Marginality across European Countries
The idea that socioeconomic differences are a “fundamental cause” of health and well-being is the basis for large volumes of research. However, one of the challenges in this area is that of linking socioeconomic positions to etiological mechanisms in theoretically informative ways. The situation is doubly challenging because the expression and meaning of socioeconomic positions and the mechanisms they activate change over time. Focusing on depres…
Why Precarious Work Is Bad for Health: Social Marginality as Key Mechanisms in a Multi-National Context
The expansion of precarious work in recent decades has motivated a large body of research on its implications for health. While considerable work has focused on whether precarious work undermines health, much less is known about why it matters. To fill this gap, this paper offers and tests a conceptual model whereby the effects of precarious work on health are mediated by social marginality, specifically reduced self-efficacy, weaker social integ…
Personality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment: Evidence from Germany
Sex Differences in Associations Between Subjective Social Status and C-Reactive Protein in Young Adults
OBJECTIVE: In middle-aged and older samples, perceived subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) is a marker of social rank that is associated with elevated inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk independent of objective indicators of SES (oSES). Whether SSS is uniquely associated with elevated inflammation during young adulthood and whether these linkages differ by sex have not been studied using a nationally representative sample of young adu…
Parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood
Can personality traits and intelligence compensate for background disadvantage? Predicting status attainment in adulthood
This study investigated the interplay of family background and individual differences, such as personality traits and intelligence (measured in a large U.S. representative sample of high school students; N = 81,000) in predicting educational attainment, annual income, and occupational prestige 11 years later. Specifically, we tested whether individual differences followed 1 of 3 patterns in relation to parental socioeconomic status (SES) when pre…
The Sequencing of a College Degree during the Transition to Adulthood: Implications for Obesity
In this study we consider the health implications of the sequencing of a college degree vis-à-vis familial roles during the transition to adulthood. We hypothesize that people who earned a college degree before assuming familial roles will have better health than people who earned a college degree afterwards. To test this hypothesis, we focus on obesity and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that marr…
Personality and the Reproduction of Social Class
A burgeoning literature in psychology and economics examines how personality characteristics predict indicators of attained status. We build on this research by suggesting that connections between personality and attained status are also socially contingent: Valued personality characteristics are stronger predictors of attainments at lower levels of parent education (the resource substitution hypothesis), but such characteristics are less likely …
Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model
The Conscientiousness (C) of the self and significant others influences health by way of mediational chains involving socioeconomic attainment, the avoidance and neutralization of stressors, the promotion of health behaviors and the minimization of risk behaviors, and the management of symptoms and diseases. Yet, meta-analyses reveal that these associations are moderated by factors that are not well understood. We propose the Life Course of Perso…
Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Linkages from Adolescence Into Adulthood
The influence of genetic factors on health and behavior is conditioned by social, cultural, institutional, and physical environments in which individuals live, work, and play. We encourage studies supporting multilevel integrative approaches to understanding these contributions to health, and describe the Add Health study as an exemplar. Add Health is a large sample of US adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994–1995 followed into adulthood with 4 i…
Genetic Sensitivity to Peer Behaviors: 5HTTLPR, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption
We investigate whether the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region ( 5HTTLPR), a gene associated with environmental sensitivity, moderates the association between smoking and drinking patterns at adolescents' schools and their corresponding risk for smoking and drinking themselves. Drawing on the school-based design of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in conjunction with molecular genetic data for roughly 15,000 respon…
Introduction of Jeylan T. Mortimer: 2011 Recipient of the Cooley-Mead Award
A life course model of self-rated health through adolescence and young adulthood
The association between parent's health and the educational attainment of their children
Transitions from School to Work: Globalization, Individualization, and Patterns of Diversity
This volume made an important contribution to the growing literature on the transition from school to work. It provides a different perspective on the global changes that have transformed school-to-work transitions since the 1970s; offers an integrative conceptual framework for analysis; and promotes a comparative, cross-national understanding of school-to-work transitions in a changing social context. The articles assembled in this volume compar…
Environmental Contingencies and Genetic Propensities: Social Capital, Educational Continuation, and Dopamine Receptor Gene DRD2
Studies of gene-environment interplay typically focus on one environmental factor at a time, resulting in a constrained view of social context. The concept of environmental contingency is introduced as a corrective. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and qualitative comparative analysis, the authors focus on an example involving social capital, a gene associated with a dopamine receptor (DRD2), and educational continu…
Adolescent Work Intensity and Substance Use: The Mediational and Moderational Roles of Parenting
The dialectic between the adolescent quest for autonomy and parents' desire to regulate this quest are explored by examining the extent to which the association between adolescent work intensity and substance use is mediated and moderated by parenting practices. Results using data from the National Survey of Youth and Religion (N = 3,290) show that the association between work intensity and alcohol use is mediated by parenting practices. There is…
Subjective Age Identity and the Transition to Adulthood
For many decades, scholars held that five transition markers delineated entry into adulthood: completing school, leaving home, beginning one's career, marrying, and becoming a parent. Based on these five criteria, however, the percentage of youth in their twenties and thirties who would qualify as adult has decreased significantly in recent decades. Drawing on data from the Youth Development Study, this chapter assesses the importance of the trad…
Social Context in Gene–Environment Interactions: Retrospect and Prospect
While many behavioral scientists believe that gene–environment (GE) interactions play an important and perhaps pervasive role in human development and aging, little attention has been devoted to a fundamental conceptual issue: What is it about social context that could alter gene expression? We draw on existing examples of GE interactions to formulate a typology that identifies a set of generic mechanisms by which E moderates G. Empirical studies…
One Hundred Years of Knowing: The Changing Science of Adolescence, 1904 and 2004
The practice of science as a mode of discovery is subject to change. This paper examines the “sciences” practiced by G. Stanley Hall in his Adolescence of 1904 and by contemporary researchers who study youth in 2004. After briefly reviewing the nature of Hall's empiricism, we draw on a representative sample of articles ( n =182) published between 1999 and 2004 in specialty journals to analyze the interdisciplinary science of adolescence today. Re…
Human Development Across Lives and Generations: The Potential for Change
Adolescence and Adult Work in the Twenty‐First Century
The transition from school to work is a story that meshes the life histories of youth and the economic and social development of societies. Drawing on reports from diverse regions of the world, this article describes the range of adolescent experiences as they encompass the completion of school and the commencement of adult work. As the 21st century begins, major threats to the preparation of youth for adult work include deficiencies in schools, …
Helping Others: The Effects of Childhood Poverty and Family Instability on Prosocial Behavior
This article examines the relationship between poverty and family instability during childhood on prosocial behavior-volunteerism-during late adolescence. The 1996 Young Adult supplements of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) are linked to mother and family records from the 1979-1996 main NLSY sample to create life history records spanning childhood and adolescence. Adolescents-especially males-from single-parent families are less l…
Children of the Land: Adversity and Success in Rural America
A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming and little more than a fourth live in rural communities. Though not new, this exodus from the land represents one of the great social movements of our age and is also symptomatic of an unparalleled transformation of our society. In Children of the Land, the authors ask whether traditional observations about farm families - strong intergenerational ties…
Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective
The transition to adulthood has become a thriving area of research in life course studies. This review is organized around two of the field's emerging themes. The first theme is the increasing variability in pathways to adult roles through historical time. The second theme is a heightened sensitivity to transition behaviors as developmental processes. Accounts of such processes typically examine the active efforts of young people to shape their b…
Poverty, Parenting, and Children's Mental Health
Poor children experience greater psychological distress than do nonpoor children. However, evidence for the relationship between poverty and children's distress is limited by the use of measures of poverty at a single point in time, by a failure to examine race or ethnic differences, and by a lack of concern with explanations for poverty's effects. Using data from the 1986 Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data set, we …
Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health
Using data from three waves of the Children of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data set (1986, 1988, 1990), we examine the dynamic relationship between children's family histories of poverty and their developmental trajectories of mental health. Children who were poor in 1986 or who had prior histories of poverty had higher levels of depression and antisocial behavior in that year. Furthermore, subsequent poverty histories were also re…
Socioeconomic Status and Depression over the Life Course
Numerous studies document lower levels of depression among adults with higher education, but little is known about the way in which the association varies over the life course. Do depression levels diverge or converge across educational strata with age? This study investigates how the association between education and depression changes with age and tests the extent to which these changes are accountedfor by physical health problems, widowed stat…
Mutual influences in parent and adolescent psychological distress
Using a cross-lagged effect model with 3 waves of panel data, this study exmined mutual influences in parent and adolescent psychological distress reported independently by respondents in each of 4 parent-child dyads: mothers-sons, mothers-daughters, fathers-sons, and fathers-daughters. Results showed that parent and adolescent distress were reciporcally related across time, even after earlier emotional status was statistically controlled. These …
Work Experience and Control Orientation in Adolescence
Adolescent orientations toward and expectancies about competent action are important predictors of adult attainment. Using panel data, this study shows that part-time work experiences and mastery orientation are reciprocally related among adolescents. Prior control orientation, measured by Pearlin's mastery scale, significantly influenced the character of boys' and girls' subsequent work experiences. Furthermore, extrinsic conditions and stressor…
A life course model of self-rated health through adolescence and young adulthood
Can personality traits and intelligence compensate for background disadvantage? Predicting status attainment in adulthood
This study investigated the interplay of family background and individual differences, such as personality traits and intelligence (measured in a large U.S. representative sample of high school students; N = 81,000) in predicting educational attainment, annual income, and occupational prestige 11 years later. Specifically, we tested whether individual differences followed 1 of 3 patterns in relation to parental socioeconomic status (SES) when pre…
History and Agency in Men's Lives: Pathways to Achievement in Cohort Perspective
Michael J. Shanahan, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Richard A. Miech, History and Agency in Men's Lives: Pathways to Achievement in Cohort Perspective, Sociology of Education, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Jan., 1997), pp. 54-67
Genetic Sensitivity to Peer Behaviors: 5HTTLPR, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption
We investigate whether the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region ( 5HTTLPR), a gene associated with environmental sensitivity, moderates the association between smoking and drinking patterns at adolescents' schools and their corresponding risk for smoking and drinking themselves. Drawing on the school-based design of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in conjunction with molecular genetic data for roughly 15,000 respon…
Environmental Contingencies and Genetic Propensities: Social Capital, Educational Continuation, and Dopamine Receptor Gene DRD2
Studies of gene-environment interplay typically focus on one environmental factor at a time, resulting in a constrained view of social context. The concept of environmental contingency is introduced as a corrective. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and qualitative comparative analysis, the authors focus on an example involving social capital, a gene associated with a dopamine receptor (DRD2), and educational continu…
Adolescent Work Experience and Depressive Affect
Using longitudinal data from a panel of youth followed from the 9th to the 10th grade, we examine how facets of adolescents work influence depressive affects. The results support the hypothesis that work experiences contribute to depressed mood among adolescents. The findings also indicate that workers are more emotionally independent of their parents than non-working adolescents
Helping Others: The Effects of Childhood Poverty and Family Instability on Prosocial Behavior
This article examines the relationship between poverty and family instability during childhood on prosocial behavior-volunteerism-during late adolescence. The 1996 Young Adult supplements of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) are linked to mother and family records from the 1979-1996 main NLSY sample to create life history records spanning childhood and adolescence. Adolescents-especially males-from single-parent families are less l…
Work Experience, Mental Health, and Behavioral Adjustment in Adolescence
This study examines the relationship between early work experience and adolescent mental health and behavioral adjustment. Using data obtained from 1,001 ninth graders about current jobs, attributes of work are examined in relation to dimensions of mental health (self-esteem and self-derogation, depressive affect and well-being, and internal and external control orientations) and indicators of behavioral adjustment (smoking, alcohol use, and prob…
Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The Life Course of Personality Model
The Conscientiousness (C) of the self and significant others influences health by way of mediational chains involving socioeconomic attainment, the avoidance and neutralization of stressors, the promotion of health behaviors and the minimization of risk behaviors, and the management of symptoms and diseases. Yet, meta-analyses reveal that these associations are moderated by factors that are not well understood. We propose the Life Course of Perso…
Adolescent Work Experience and Family Relationships
According to Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1986), each individual simultaneously participates in several 'microsystems' that influence development, for example, the family, school, peer group, and workplace. Of central concern here is how the increasing prevalence of 'youth work' may affect parent-adolescent relationships. The findings of a 3-year study of adolescents (n = 1,000) and their parents (925 mothers, 650 fathers) indicate that youth work has s…
Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Linkages from Adolescence Into Adulthood
The influence of genetic factors on health and behavior is conditioned by social, cultural, institutional, and physical environments in which individuals live, work, and play. We encourage studies supporting multilevel integrative approaches to understanding these contributions to health, and describe the Add Health study as an exemplar. Add Health is a large sample of US adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994–1995 followed into adulthood with 4 i…
The association between parent's health and the educational attainment of their children
Adolescence and Adult Work in the Twenty‐First Century
The transition from school to work is a story that meshes the life histories of youth and the economic and social development of societies. Drawing on reports from diverse regions of the world, this article describes the range of adolescent experiences as they encompass the completion of school and the commencement of adult work. As the 21st century begins, major threats to the preparation of youth for adult work include deficiencies in schools, …
Adolescent Work Intensity and Substance Use: The Mediational and Moderational Roles of Parenting
The dialectic between the adolescent quest for autonomy and parents' desire to regulate this quest are explored by examining the extent to which the association between adolescent work intensity and substance use is mediated and moderated by parenting practices. Results using data from the National Survey of Youth and Religion (N = 3,290) show that the association between work intensity and alcohol use is mediated by parenting practices. There is…
Gender and Work in Adolescence
Parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood
The Sequencing of a College Degree during the Transition to Adulthood: Implications for Obesity
In this study we consider the health implications of the sequencing of a college degree vis-à-vis familial roles during the transition to adulthood. We hypothesize that people who earned a college degree before assuming familial roles will have better health than people who earned a college degree afterwards. To test this hypothesis, we focus on obesity and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that marr…
Human Development Across Lives and Generations: The Potential for Change
Adolescent Work History and Behavioral Adjustment
This article examines the features of the child-adolescent work career in relation to key dimensions of mental health and behavioral adjustment. The data, including retrospective work histories, were obtained from a representative sample of urban ninth graders. Whereas the total duration of work, measured in months, had no adverse outcomes, the intensity of girls' formal work was found to be lied to school problem behavior, alcohol use, and smoki…
Gender and Work in Adolescence
Adolescent Work Experience and Depressive Affect
Using longitudinal data from a panel of youth followed from the 9th to the 10th grade, we examine how facets of adolescents work influence depressive affects. The results support the hypothesis that work experiences contribute to depressed mood among adolescents. The findings also indicate that workers are more emotionally independent of their parents than non-working adolescents
Work Experience and Control Orientation in Adolescence
Adolescent orientations toward and expectancies about competent action are important predictors of adult attainment. Using panel data, this study shows that part-time work experiences and mastery orientation are reciprocally related among adolescents. Prior control orientation, measured by Pearlin's mastery scale, significantly influenced the character of boys' and girls' subsequent work experiences. Furthermore, extrinsic conditions and stressor…
Adolescent Work History and Behavioral Adjustment
This article examines the features of the child-adolescent work career in relation to key dimensions of mental health and behavioral adjustment. The data, including retrospective work histories, were obtained from a representative sample of urban ninth graders. Whereas the total duration of work, measured in months, had no adverse outcomes, the intensity of girls' formal work was found to be lied to school problem behavior, alcohol use, and smoki…
Work Experience, Mental Health, and Behavioral Adjustment in Adolescence
This study examines the relationship between early work experience and adolescent mental health and behavioral adjustment. Using data obtained from 1,001 ninth graders about current jobs, attributes of work are examined in relation to dimensions of mental health (self-esteem and self-derogation, depressive affect and well-being, and internal and external control orientations) and indicators of behavioral adjustment (smoking, alcohol use, and prob…
Poverty, Parenting, and Children's Mental Health
Poor children experience greater psychological distress than do nonpoor children. However, evidence for the relationship between poverty and children's distress is limited by the use of measures of poverty at a single point in time, by a failure to examine race or ethnic differences, and by a lack of concern with explanations for poverty's effects. Using data from the 1986 Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data set, we …
Adolescent Work Experience and Family Relationships
According to Bronfenbrenner (1979, 1986), each individual simultaneously participates in several 'microsystems' that influence development, for example, the family, school, peer group, and workplace. Of central concern here is how the increasing prevalence of 'youth work' may affect parent-adolescent relationships. The findings of a 3-year study of adolescents (n = 1,000) and their parents (925 mothers, 650 fathers) indicate that youth work has s…
Mutual influences in parent and adolescent psychological distress
Using a cross-lagged effect model with 3 waves of panel data, this study exmined mutual influences in parent and adolescent psychological distress reported independently by respondents in each of 4 parent-child dyads: mothers-sons, mothers-daughters, fathers-sons, and fathers-daughters. Results showed that parent and adolescent distress were reciporcally related across time, even after earlier emotional status was statistically controlled. These …
Developmental Concepts across Disciplines
Psychobiologists, psychologists, and sociologists often differ markedly in the method and substance of their developmental research. Yet fundamental similarities bridge these orientations in the form of concepts applicable to multiple levels of analysis. Many of these concepts were identified by Gottlieb (1991a), generalizing from research on the interplay between genes and experience in the canalization of behavior: “The principal ideas concern …
Nested Comparisons in the Study of Historical Change and Individual Adaptation
Sociological studies of human development take a variety of forms, including sequences of comparisons that establish links between the changing social environment and individual adaptation. This chapter focuses on mechanisms linking broader societal patterns to individuals, by beginning with groups defined by social change and proceeding with fully contained subgroups. We specify the conceptual basis for nested comparisons; such an approach is be…
Comparisons in Human Development: To Begin a Conversation
Studying Comparisons and Development Comparisons are perhaps the fundamental heuristic tool with which developmentalists generate knowledge. Since the sine qua non of developmental phenomena is the passing of time, developmental knowledge will always involve comparisons across time points. However, given the multiple time frames that often characterize this change, temporal comparisons can be complex. How do patterns of change over ontogenetic ti…
Trajectories of Poverty and Children's Mental Health
Using data from three waves of the Children of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data set (1986, 1988, 1990), we examine the dynamic relationship between children's family histories of poverty and their developmental trajectories of mental health. Children who were poor in 1986 or who had prior histories of poverty had higher levels of depression and antisocial behavior in that year. Furthermore, subsequent poverty histories were also re…
History and Agency in Men's Lives: Pathways to Achievement in Cohort Perspective
Michael J. Shanahan, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Richard A. Miech, History and Agency in Men's Lives: Pathways to Achievement in Cohort Perspective, Sociology of Education, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Jan., 1997), pp. 54-67
Die Modernisierung des Agrarsektors: Berufliche Kontinuität und Wandel in Familienbetrieben
Changing Pathways to Attainment in Men's Lives: Historical Patterns of School, Work, and Social Class
Michael J. Shanahan, Richard A. Miech, Glen H. Elder Jr., Changing Pathways to Attainment in Men's Lives: Historical Patterns of School, Work, and Social Class, Social Forces, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Sep., 1998), pp. 231-256
Negotiating Adolescence in Times of Social Change
The decline of the socialist governments in Eastern and Central Europe and the resulting political and economic reorganizations of the 1990s provided a dramatic illustration of the far-reaching effects of social change. For those interested in the health and well-being of youth, such instances of social upheaval raise the question of how young people are affected socially and psychologically by societal changes, and whether their development is c…
Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective
The transition to adulthood has become a thriving area of research in life course studies. This review is organized around two of the field's emerging themes. The first theme is the increasing variability in pathways to adult roles through historical time. The second theme is a heightened sensitivity to transition behaviors as developmental processes. Accounts of such processes typically examine the active efforts of young people to shape their b…
Socioeconomic Status and Depression over the Life Course
Numerous studies document lower levels of depression among adults with higher education, but little is known about the way in which the association varies over the life course. Do depression levels diverge or converge across educational strata with age? This study investigates how the association between education and depression changes with age and tests the extent to which these changes are accountedfor by physical health problems, widowed stat…
Children of the Land: Adversity and Success in Rural America
A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming and little more than a fourth live in rural communities. Though not new, this exodus from the land represents one of the great social movements of our age and is also symptomatic of an unparalleled transformation of our society. In Children of the Land, the authors ask whether traditional observations about farm families - strong intergenerational ties…
Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future
Preface How Have Alterations in the Structure of Opportunity Affected Transitions to Adulthood? How Has the Changing Structure of Opportunities Affected Transitions to Adulthood? by Martha S. Hill and W. Jean Yeung Twenty-something: Down and Out in the Other America? by J. Lawrence Aber Alterations in the Opportunity Structure: A Criminological Perspective by John H. Laub Sure, I'd Like to Get Married...Some Day by Lynn White How Do Prior Experie…
Adolescence and Adult Work in the Twenty‐First Century
The transition from school to work is a story that meshes the life histories of youth and the economic and social development of societies. Drawing on reports from diverse regions of the world, this article describes the range of adolescent experiences as they encompass the completion of school and the commencement of adult work. As the 21st century begins, major threats to the preparation of youth for adult work include deficiencies in schools, …
Helping Others: The Effects of Childhood Poverty and Family Instability on Prosocial Behavior
This article examines the relationship between poverty and family instability during childhood on prosocial behavior-volunteerism-during late adolescence. The 1996 Young Adult supplements of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) are linked to mother and family records from the 1979-1996 main NLSY sample to create life history records spanning childhood and adolescence. Adolescents-especially males-from single-parent families are less l…
Subjective Age Identity and the Transition to Adulthood
For many decades, scholars held that five transition markers delineated entry into adulthood: completing school, leaving home, beginning one's career, marrying, and becoming a parent. Based on these five criteria, however, the percentage of youth in their twenties and thirties who would qualify as adult has decreased significantly in recent decades. Drawing on data from the Youth Development Study, this chapter assesses the importance of the trad…
Social Context in Gene–Environment Interactions: Retrospect and Prospect
While many behavioral scientists believe that gene–environment (GE) interactions play an important and perhaps pervasive role in human development and aging, little attention has been devoted to a fundamental conceptual issue: What is it about social context that could alter gene expression? We draw on existing examples of GE interactions to formulate a typology that identifies a set of generic mechanisms by which E moderates G. Empirical studies…
One Hundred Years of Knowing: The Changing Science of Adolescence, 1904 and 2004
The practice of science as a mode of discovery is subject to change. This paper examines the “sciences” practiced by G. Stanley Hall in his Adolescence of 1904 and by contemporary researchers who study youth in 2004. After briefly reviewing the nature of Hall's empiricism, we draw on a representative sample of articles ( n =182) published between 1999 and 2004 in specialty journals to analyze the interdisciplinary science of adolescence today. Re…
Psychology (41 works) · Developmental psychology (29 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Demography (10 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (10 works) · Youth Education and Societal Dynamics (10 works) · Social science (9 works)