Marina Krcmar
Biographic Data
| ID | 195591 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marina Krcmar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marina |
| FAMILY NAME | Krcmar |
| SIGNATURE | KRCMAR M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Wake Forest University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8646-4727 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 55 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Growth and Gratitude: A Note From Our Outgoing Editors
Exploring the effects of similarity in basic needs on moral judgment of characters
While affective disposition theory (ADT) claims that moral judgment of a character is the key mechanism underlying enjoyment, we often enjoy stories where characters violate our moral standards (morally ambiguous characters, or MACs). Initial research suggests that similarity between MACs and viewers (e.g. sharing ethnicity) may increase moral approval. However, the effect of internal similarity (similarity in higher-order human qualities) on mor…
The Effects of Fantastical Characters and Prosocial Message Duration on Children’s Narrative, Emotional, and Moral Lesson Comprehension of a Cartoon
Overcoming challenges and leveraging opportunities
It is our great pleasure and honor to begin this year as the new co-editors of Media Psychology. For the four of us, Media Psychology has been an intellectual home throughout our academic lives—a c
Take a deep breath: The effects of television exposure and family communication on family shopping-related stress
Parents of children (age 2–12) participated in this study examining the influence of children’s television exposure on parent-reported child-initiated purchase requests and coercive behaviors and their subsequent effect on overall parental stress, a factor associated with reduced well-being. Using a general family systems framework, and Family Communication Patterns (FCP), we also examined how these consumer oriented communication patterns could …
Considering Moral Foundations Theory and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars in the context of child and adolescent development
Theorizing posits that moral judgment and reasoning stem from intuitions from at least one of six cognitive moral modules. Research has examined how media exposure influences aspects of moral development among children and adolescents. These lines of research remain largely unintegrated, however, and extant theories lack an explicit developmental perspective. We argue that Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is a useful tool for contextualizing past f…
Observing parent-child purchase related interactions in US-based retail environments: Replication and extension
This study replicates and extends work by Buijzen and Valkenburg. We observed and coded purchase-related interactions of parent-child dyads in stores in the US, collected questionnaire data from them and collected questionnaire data from parents visiting stores without their children in order to assess external validity. The current study found key differences between families who bring their child to the store and those who do not. Observation a…
It takes two: The effect of child characteristics on U.S. parents’ motivations for allowing electronic media use
Extant research on parents’ choices for child media consumption focuses exclusively on parental beliefs and motives along with demographic variables. However, given parental choices are made within the context of the parent–child relationship, this study investigates how perceived child characteristics influence parents’ motives for allowing their children to consume screen media. One hundred and fifty-one parents of children between 6 months and…
Communication Science Theory and Research: An Advanced Introduction
This volume provides a graduate-level introduction to communication science, including theory and scholarship for masters and PhD students as well as practicing scholars. The work defines communication, reviews its history, and provides a broad look at how communication research is conducted. It also includes chapters reviewing the most frequently addressed topics in communication science. This book presents an overview of theory in general and o…
Examining Two Theoretical Models Predicting American and Dutch Parents’ Mediation of Adolescent Social Media Use
The goal of the present study was to utilize two theoretical models, one based on a mediation approach and the other on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to understand parents’ mediation of their adolescents’ social media use. Data were collected from parents of adolescents ages 10–18 in two countries, the United States (US) and the Netherlands. Results indicated significant differences between the two samples. Specifically, American parents …
Development as an Explanation for and Predictor of Online Self-Disclosure Among Dutch Adolescents
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether adolescent online self-disclosure is primarily related to the developmental variable of egocentrism or related to the personality trait, narcissism. Egocentrism was measured as Imaginary Audience ideation and Personal Fable ideation, two distinct concepts of adolescent egocentrism. We also examined whether age moderates the aforementioned relationship. A total of 381 participants completed …
The Perception of Human Appearance in Video Games: Toward an Understanding of the Effects of Player Perceptions of Game Features
In this posttest-only experimental design, participants played one of two versions of the video game Quake with either a human-looking target or a nonhuman-looking target. Dependent measures included perceived human appearance of the target, perceived violence in the game, immersive presence, physically and verbally aggressive intentions, and aggressive cognitions. Of specific interest was the relative effect of the manipulation compared to the e…
Selective Exposure to Violent Media: A Synthesis Of The Research And Theoretical Overview
This chapter reviews the research that has examined individuals' interest in media violence. It reviews definitions of media violence, as well as affect‐based approaches to attraction to media violence (i.e., mood management and mood adjustment) and reviews the research findings that use this approach. Next, it reviews disposition‐based theories that focus on how individuals evaluate media characters, form affiliations with them, and affectively …
Can Past Experience with Television Help US Infants Learn From It
This study tested whether experience with television helped very young children in the US learn from it. Using a post-test only design, we attempted to teach children (6–24 months) novel words and a simple action either from a parent live, a parent on video, or a stranger on video. Children's past exposure to television was also measured. Babies who had a favorite television program imitated actions demonstrated by their mothers on television mor…
The Influences of Video Gaming on US Children's Moral Reasoning About Violence
Using the General Aggression Model as a framework, we surveyed children aged 7–15 to examine the effect of violent game play on their moral reasoning about violence. Variables examined were age, gender, perspective-taking ability, and ability to sympathize. Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, we found that violent video gaming was negatively related to perspective taking and ability to sympathize. Perspective taki…
Word Learning in Very Young Children From Infant-Directed DVDs
This study examined if babies (6–24 months; n = 60) learn words from a DVD modeled on Baby EinsteinTM. The study was novel in that it utilized an infant-directed DVD, but was edited to include low-frequency words (e.g., medallion) and it utilized the preferential looking method in the posttest so that very young babies could be tested. Results suggested that babies could learn the novel words in the live condition; however, they did not appear to…
Assessing the Research on Media, Cognitive Development, and Infants: Can infants really learn from television and videos
With the rise of television targeting very young children, it is important to ask if babies younger than two can learn from it. In this essay I review the literature on babies' attention to, imitation of, and language learning from television and I discuss the research that has found a video deficit in young children. The literature suggests that infants between the ages of approximately twelve and twenty-four months have a difficult time imitati…
Male Body Image: The Role of Muscle Magazine Exposure, Body Mass Index, and Social Comparison in Men's Body Satisfaction
Unrealistic images of male beauty are on the rise (e.g., Baghurst, Hollander, Nardella, & Haff, 2006). However, research on male body image tends to assume that the same theoretical models used to account for body satisfaction in women are appropriate for men (e.g., McCabe & Ricciardelli, 2004). Few have tested the assumption that female-typical models can be applied to men. Three variables have proven instrumental in accounting for body satisfac…
Contextual Features of Violent Video Games, Mental Models, and Aggression
This experiment employed a 2 (third vs. first person) × 2 (blood on/off) × 2 (sex) design in order to examine the effects of two internal video game manipulations: the presence of blood and point of view on participants’ perceptions of the game. Overall, when the blood manipulation was on, participants perceived greater gore. Players were significantly more focused when they played in the third-person point of view than when they played in first …
Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research
Journal Article Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research Get access Robin L. Nabi, Robin L. Nabi 1Robin L. Nabi (PhD, University of Pennsylvania) is an assistant professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 3Robin Nabi, Department of Communication, 5838 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar …
Mental Models: Understanding the Impact of Fantasy Violence on Children's Moral Reasoning
This study utilized a reinterpretation of the priming hypothesis to understand the effect of fantasy violence on children's moral reasoning. A posttest-only control group experimental design was used. A total of 121 children were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions. Children saw 1 of 2 nearly identical versions of a fantasy violence program with the ending manipulated. In the clip, the main character either used physical violence to solve a co…
Elaboration in Processing Adolescent Health Messages: The Impact of Egocentrism and Sensation Seeking on Message Processing
The present studies explored how adolescents process information in making decisions about risk behavior. We studied two developmental aspects of adolescent egocentrism: personal fable (a sense of invulnerability) and imaginary audience (focus on others), along with individual difference variables (sensation seeking, self-esteem, and peer pressure). The studies investigated the effects of a message variable, elaboration demand, which is driven by…
Children's Moral Reasoning and Their Perceptions of Television Violence
This experiment examined the effect of a child's age on his or her interpretation of an act of interpersonal violence on television. One hundred eighty-four children in 2 age groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 viewing conditions in which they watched a violent video clip. The clips depicted identical violent acts; however, punishment (yes/no) of the violent act and provocation (yes/no) for the violent act were manipulated to create the 4 con…
Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: The contributions of egocentrism and sensation-seeking
Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation: “Instructive mediation,” “restrictive mediation,” and “social coviewing”
Telephone interviews from a random sample of Dutch parents (N = 123 for the pilot study, N = 519 for the main study), provided an opportunity to explore television mediation activities in which parents could engage. From principal components analysis, three reliable styles of television mediation emerged: restrictive mediation, instructive mediation, and social coviewing. In addition to a number of demographic variables, parental concerns about t…
Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research
Journal Article Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research Get access Robin L. Nabi, Robin L. Nabi 1Robin L. Nabi (PhD, University of Pennsylvania) is an assistant professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 3Robin Nabi, Department of Communication, 5838 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar …
Family Communication Patterns, Discourse Behavior, and Child Television Viewing
Journal Article Family Communication Patterns, Discourse Behavior, and Child Television Viewing Get access Marina Krcmar Marina Krcmar 1Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1995) is an assistant professor of communication at East Carolina University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Communication Research, Volume 23, Issue 2, December 1996, Pages 251–277, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.146…
Examining Two Theoretical Models Predicting American and Dutch Parents’ Mediation of Adolescent Social Media Use
The goal of the present study was to utilize two theoretical models, one based on a mediation approach and the other on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to understand parents’ mediation of their adolescents’ social media use. Data were collected from parents of adolescents ages 10–18 in two countries, the United States (US) and the Netherlands. Results indicated significant differences between the two samples. Specifically, American parents …
The Perception of Human Appearance in Video Games: Toward an Understanding of the Effects of Player Perceptions of Game Features
In this posttest-only experimental design, participants played one of two versions of the video game Quake with either a human-looking target or a nonhuman-looking target. Dependent measures included perceived human appearance of the target, perceived violence in the game, immersive presence, physically and verbally aggressive intentions, and aggressive cognitions. Of specific interest was the relative effect of the manipulation compared to the e…
Family Communication Patterns, Discourse Behavior, and Child Television Viewing
Journal Article Family Communication Patterns, Discourse Behavior, and Child Television Viewing Get access Marina Krcmar Marina Krcmar 1Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1995) is an assistant professor of communication at East Carolina University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Human Communication Research, Volume 23, Issue 2, December 1996, Pages 251–277, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.146…
Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation: “Instructive mediation,” “restrictive mediation,” and “social coviewing”
Telephone interviews from a random sample of Dutch parents (N = 123 for the pilot study, N = 519 for the main study), provided an opportunity to explore television mediation activities in which parents could engage. From principal components analysis, three reliable styles of television mediation emerged: restrictive mediation, instructive mediation, and social coviewing. In addition to a number of demographic variables, parental concerns about t…
Predicting Exposure to and Uses of Television Violence
The uses-and-gratifications tradition posits that individual needs for stimulation and for information vary systematically. These needs may affect what media sources and other stimuli are accessed by individuals. In this study we sampled adolescents and college students to examine (a) the relation between sensation seeking and exposure to violent and nonviolent television, and (b) the subsequent role that violent television may play among high se…
Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: The contributions of egocentrism and sensation-seeking
Children's Moral Reasoning and Their Perceptions of Television Violence
This experiment examined the effect of a child's age on his or her interpretation of an act of interpersonal violence on television. One hundred eighty-four children in 2 age groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 viewing conditions in which they watched a violent video clip. The clips depicted identical violent acts; however, punishment (yes/no) of the violent act and provocation (yes/no) for the violent act were manipulated to create the 4 con…
Elaboration in Processing Adolescent Health Messages: The Impact of Egocentrism and Sensation Seeking on Message Processing
The present studies explored how adolescents process information in making decisions about risk behavior. We studied two developmental aspects of adolescent egocentrism: personal fable (a sense of invulnerability) and imaginary audience (focus on others), along with individual difference variables (sensation seeking, self-esteem, and peer pressure). The studies investigated the effects of a message variable, elaboration demand, which is driven by…
Mental Models: Understanding the Impact of Fantasy Violence on Children's Moral Reasoning
This study utilized a reinterpretation of the priming hypothesis to understand the effect of fantasy violence on children's moral reasoning. A posttest-only control group experimental design was used. A total of 121 children were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions. Children saw 1 of 2 nearly identical versions of a fantasy violence program with the ending manipulated. In the clip, the main character either used physical violence to solve a co…
Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research
Journal Article Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research Get access Robin L. Nabi, Robin L. Nabi 1Robin L. Nabi (PhD, University of Pennsylvania) is an assistant professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 3Robin Nabi, Department of Communication, 5838 Ellison Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar …
Contextual Features of Violent Video Games, Mental Models, and Aggression
This experiment employed a 2 (third vs. first person) × 2 (blood on/off) × 2 (sex) design in order to examine the effects of two internal video game manipulations: the presence of blood and point of view on participants’ perceptions of the game. Overall, when the blood manipulation was on, participants perceived greater gore. Players were significantly more focused when they played in the third-person point of view than when they played in first …
Male Body Image: The Role of Muscle Magazine Exposure, Body Mass Index, and Social Comparison in Men's Body Satisfaction
Unrealistic images of male beauty are on the rise (e.g., Baghurst, Hollander, Nardella, & Haff, 2006). However, research on male body image tends to assume that the same theoretical models used to account for body satisfaction in women are appropriate for men (e.g., McCabe & Ricciardelli, 2004). Few have tested the assumption that female-typical models can be applied to men. Three variables have proven instrumental in accounting for body satisfac…
Assessing the Research on Media, Cognitive Development, and Infants: Can infants really learn from television and videos
With the rise of television targeting very young children, it is important to ask if babies younger than two can learn from it. In this essay I review the literature on babies' attention to, imitation of, and language learning from television and I discuss the research that has found a video deficit in young children. The literature suggests that infants between the ages of approximately twelve and twenty-four months have a difficult time imitati…
Can Past Experience with Television Help US Infants Learn From It
This study tested whether experience with television helped very young children in the US learn from it. Using a post-test only design, we attempted to teach children (6–24 months) novel words and a simple action either from a parent live, a parent on video, or a stranger on video. Children's past exposure to television was also measured. Babies who had a favorite television program imitated actions demonstrated by their mothers on television mor…
The Influences of Video Gaming on US Children's Moral Reasoning About Violence
Using the General Aggression Model as a framework, we surveyed children aged 7–15 to examine the effect of violent game play on their moral reasoning about violence. Variables examined were age, gender, perspective-taking ability, and ability to sympathize. Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, we found that violent video gaming was negatively related to perspective taking and ability to sympathize. Perspective taki…
Word Learning in Very Young Children From Infant-Directed DVDs
This study examined if babies (6–24 months; n = 60) learn words from a DVD modeled on Baby EinsteinTM. The study was novel in that it utilized an infant-directed DVD, but was edited to include low-frequency words (e.g., medallion) and it utilized the preferential looking method in the posttest so that very young babies could be tested. Results suggested that babies could learn the novel words in the live condition; however, they did not appear to…
Selective Exposure to Violent Media: A Synthesis Of The Research And Theoretical Overview
This chapter reviews the research that has examined individuals' interest in media violence. It reviews definitions of media violence, as well as affect‐based approaches to attraction to media violence (i.e., mood management and mood adjustment) and reviews the research findings that use this approach. Next, it reviews disposition‐based theories that focus on how individuals evaluate media characters, form affiliations with them, and affectively …
The Perception of Human Appearance in Video Games: Toward an Understanding of the Effects of Player Perceptions of Game Features
In this posttest-only experimental design, participants played one of two versions of the video game Quake with either a human-looking target or a nonhuman-looking target. Dependent measures included perceived human appearance of the target, perceived violence in the game, immersive presence, physically and verbally aggressive intentions, and aggressive cognitions. Of specific interest was the relative effect of the manipulation compared to the e…
Development as an Explanation for and Predictor of Online Self-Disclosure Among Dutch Adolescents
The goal of the present study was to investigate whether adolescent online self-disclosure is primarily related to the developmental variable of egocentrism or related to the personality trait, narcissism. Egocentrism was measured as Imaginary Audience ideation and Personal Fable ideation, two distinct concepts of adolescent egocentrism. We also examined whether age moderates the aforementioned relationship. A total of 381 participants completed …
It takes two: The effect of child characteristics on U.S. parents’ motivations for allowing electronic media use
Extant research on parents’ choices for child media consumption focuses exclusively on parental beliefs and motives along with demographic variables. However, given parental choices are made within the context of the parent–child relationship, this study investigates how perceived child characteristics influence parents’ motives for allowing their children to consume screen media. One hundred and fifty-one parents of children between 6 months and…
Communication Science Theory and Research: An Advanced Introduction
This volume provides a graduate-level introduction to communication science, including theory and scholarship for masters and PhD students as well as practicing scholars. The work defines communication, reviews its history, and provides a broad look at how communication research is conducted. It also includes chapters reviewing the most frequently addressed topics in communication science. This book presents an overview of theory in general and o…
Examining Two Theoretical Models Predicting American and Dutch Parents’ Mediation of Adolescent Social Media Use
The goal of the present study was to utilize two theoretical models, one based on a mediation approach and the other on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), to understand parents’ mediation of their adolescents’ social media use. Data were collected from parents of adolescents ages 10–18 in two countries, the United States (US) and the Netherlands. Results indicated significant differences between the two samples. Specifically, American parents …
Observing parent-child purchase related interactions in US-based retail environments: Replication and extension
This study replicates and extends work by Buijzen and Valkenburg. We observed and coded purchase-related interactions of parent-child dyads in stores in the US, collected questionnaire data from them and collected questionnaire data from parents visiting stores without their children in order to assess external validity. The current study found key differences between families who bring their child to the store and those who do not. Observation a…
Considering Moral Foundations Theory and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars in the context of child and adolescent development
Theorizing posits that moral judgment and reasoning stem from intuitions from at least one of six cognitive moral modules. Research has examined how media exposure influences aspects of moral development among children and adolescents. These lines of research remain largely unintegrated, however, and extant theories lack an explicit developmental perspective. We argue that Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is a useful tool for contextualizing past f…
Overcoming challenges and leveraging opportunities
It is our great pleasure and honor to begin this year as the new co-editors of Media Psychology. For the four of us, Media Psychology has been an intellectual home throughout our academic lives—a c
Take a deep breath: The effects of television exposure and family communication on family shopping-related stress
Parents of children (age 2–12) participated in this study examining the influence of children’s television exposure on parent-reported child-initiated purchase requests and coercive behaviors and their subsequent effect on overall parental stress, a factor associated with reduced well-being. Using a general family systems framework, and Family Communication Patterns (FCP), we also examined how these consumer oriented communication patterns could …
Growth and Gratitude: A Note From Our Outgoing Editors
Psychology (26 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Media Influence and Health (17 works) · Child Development and Digital Technology (10 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (6 works) · Perception (6 works)