A Filindra
Biographic Data
| ID | 19599 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A Filindra |
| GIVEN NAMES | A |
| FAMILY NAME | Filindra |
| SIGNATURE | FILINDRA A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4539-240X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 405 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Who belongs to the demos? Undemocratic penalties to immigrant minority representation
Opposition to political candidates who represent ethnic minority interests in Western societies has included calls for undemocratic penalties. Majority groups in democratic societies value democracy in principle, but such support is malleable. We argue that diverse societies lack consensus on who constitutes the “demos”, the imagined political community. When there is a mismatch between a citizen’s understanding of the demos and an officeholder’s…
Judicial Independence on Trial
Public support for judicial independence appears robust on principlein the abstract, but is it resilient? I argue that judicial rulings on identity-salient issues can weaken democratic forbearance by activating racial worldviews that motivate citizens to perceive judges as biased, rationalizing undemocratic penalties. I test this theory using two survey experiments (White and Latino samples) that randomly assign conditions varying the decision di…
Democracy and the Commemorated Other
Contests over the presentation of history in public commemorations or “public memory” have become flashpoints in American culture wars, as minority groups and their allies push for inclusive representations while racial conservatives resist these changes as threats to national identity. This study examines whether symbolic disputes can erode democratic commitments by fostering political intolerance and whether they do so by shifting the boundarie…
Racial populism, partisan spillover, and Americans’ quest for citizen education policy control
Are immigrants allowed to criticize the government? Ingroup identity, economic threat, and majority group support for immigrant civil liberties in the US, Switzerland, and Turkey
Assaults on immigrants' civil liberties have been on the rise across Western countries. This study asks whether majority-group natives exhibit less political tolerance (i.e., support for restrictions on civil rights and liberties) toward immigrants who criticize the government compared to citizens, adding thereby a neglected element to the discussion on the conflicted nexus between migration and citizenship. Drawing on social identity theory and …
The Ideology and Politics of the National Rifle Association
Vote Gun: How Gun Rights Became Politicized in the United States by Patrick J. Charles offers a revisionist history of the National Rifle Association (NRA), challenging the conventional narrative that the organization only became politicized after the 1960s. Drawing on archival sources, NRA publications, and political history, Charles argues that the NRA has long been a politically active entity, expertly navigating insider status within governme…
The Emergence of the Second Amendment Sanctuary Movement
One-third of all US counties have enacted Second Amendment Sanctuary (2AS) ordinances, preventing the enforcement of state and federal gun control laws. We test two theories to explain 2AS enactment. First, 2AS may be a manifestation of partisan federalism. This perspective predicts that the nationalization of policy issues has led partisan groups to support “sanctuary” policies in friendly jurisdictions to frustrate the opposition. Second, given…
The breadwinner and “the other”
The Unfulfilled Promise of Brown v. Board
Seven decades after Brown v. Board , Black students continue to lag White students. This article analyzes six experiments conducted over three decades to study whether, consistent with social identity theory, White Americans are more supportive of funding increases for nonracially targeted educational programs that benefit their racial ingroup compared to race-targeted programs. We also ask whether racial prejudice is a factor, if implicit or exp…
Who Buys the "Big Lie"? White Racial Grievance and Confidence in the Fairness of American Elections
Election skepticism has become a persistent feature of American politics since the Obama era. Such beliefs are most prevalent among White Americans and especially Republicans, and they are resistant to change. Conspiracy theory studies have shown that such beliefs are linked to feelings of ingroup victimization, at times associated with election loss. We draw on theories of White ingroup processes to argue that White grievance-the belief that Whi…
America's new racial battle lines and the politics of pain
Do Perceptions of Ingroup Discrimination Fuel White Mistrust in Government? Insights from the 2012–2020 Anes and a Framing Experiment
Since the 1960s, political elites have used implicit and overt claims that the government discriminates against whites to mobilize white voters. As a result, many white Americans perceive government policies that address racial inequalities as a form of anti-white bias and politicians who criticize racial inequities as hostile to white interests. We hypothesize that white Americans who believe their group faces discrimination are more likely to m…
Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020
Objective In 2020, for the first time, a VP candidate was a black woman of immigrant parentage. This article asks whether Kamala Harris’ vice presidential candidacy may have motivated some white voters and especially those scoring high on racial resentment, anti‐immigrant attitudes, or sexism to vote for Trump instead of Biden. Methods We conducted an online priming experiment with non‐Hispanic white voters in August 2020, shortly after Harris wa…
Validating and testing a measure of anti‐semitism on support for QAnon and vote intention for Trump in 2020
Objective Knowledge on anti‐semitism and its effects as an attitude is limited. We seek to assess its relationship with other out‐group measures and its predictive ability on political judgments. We seek to (a) study the properties of a measure of anti‐semitism; (b) explore the relationship between anti‐semitism and other frequently used measures of out‐group attitudes; (c) assess the key demographic predictors of endorsement of anti‐semitic beli…
The conditional relationship between cultural and economic threats in white Americans’ support for refugee relocation programs
Objective Scholars have reached conflicting results as to the relative importance of cultural and economic threats to majority group receptivity to immigrants and refugees. This study seeks to test whether cultural or economic threat has a stronger influence on white Americans’ receptivity to Syrian refugees. Method We designed a 2 × 2 priming experiment fielded among white Americans in 2015 that varies both the religion of Syrian refugees to be …
Latinx identification with whiteness
Objective We seek to determine the antecedents of self‐categorization as white and white identity salience among Latinx people. We also investigate the effects of both on Latinx's political preferences. Methods We perform multivariate regression analyses using the 2012 American National Election Survey (ANES). The survey included 1005 Latinx U.S. citizens. Results We find that Latinx citizens with a strong Latino consciousness and more educated L…
How Source Cues Shape Evaluations of Group-Based Derogatory Political Messages
Theories of social norms suggest that, except for prejudiced people, individuals should reject racially derogatory speech. The increase of derogation in politics, including by in-group members, suggests more complexity. We argue that source cues shape the application of norms. Specifically, group membership of the observer and that of the speaker are critical to understanding how norms manifest in politics. We test this theory in four experimenta…
Beyond Performance
How Do Partisans Navigate Intra-Group Conflict? A Theory of Leadership-Driven Motivated Reasoning
A critical examination of democracy
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Who are we? How did we get here? And where are we going? New questions, new concepts, new ideas and the role of ascriptive categories in political life
Who are we? How did we get here? And where are we going? New questions, new concepts, new ideas and the role of ascriptive categories in political life: a special edited collection of essays - Volume 6 Issue 1
Race politics research and the American presidency
Heeding the call of the special issue, we look at the past decade's advances in public opinion studies of our understanding of the relationship between white racial identities, attitudes, and presidential voting preferences. Following a short review of developments in the literature during the Obama years, we critically evaluated four theories explaining whites' support for Trump: racial resentment, xenophobia, sexism, and white identity. Using d…
Racial Resentment or Sexism? White Americans' Outgroup Attitudes as Predictors of Gun Ownership and NRA Membership
Gun ownership is a key predictor of gun policy preferences, political advocacy on behalf of gun rights, and political engagement. Theories have linked both racial and gender ideologies to gun ownership among white Americans, but the evidence is spotty. Statistical analyses provide some limited confirmation that racial resentment is a key predictor of gun ownership, but the role of sexism has not been tested quantitatively especially in conjunctio…
Anxious About Social Violence
Objective We theorize that anxiety (fear) related to mass shootings and social violence increases support for gun control among the American public. Methods We support our theory with a regression discontinuity analysis based on an actual mass shooting, observational analyses from the same data set testing the relationship between fear and support for gun control, and two survey experiments that prime anxiety in the context of mass shootings and …
The Toughest Gun Control Law in the Nation
Racial Resentment and Whites’ Gun Policy Preferences in Contemporary America
Testing Theories of Gun Policy Preferences Among Blacks, Latinos, and Whites in America
Objective Research examining the factors shaping gun policy attitudes has focused on the general population or whites. Little is known about how self‐interest, political values, or racial prejudice shape the gun policy preferences of minorities. We seek to assess the effect of self‐interest, political values, and racial prejudice on the gun policy attitudes of whites, Latinos, and blacks. We also introduce a measure of prejudice difference in gro…
Immigrant Social Policy in the American States
This article examines differences in the drivers of state Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Medicaid immigrant eligibility policies, determined in the wake of the 1996 Welfare Reform. The findings show that differences in the incentive structures of the two programs may affect the way race politics influence each. Specifically, race is a strong negative correlate for TANF inclusion of immigrants as states with large African Ameri…
Is “Threat” in the Eye of the Researcher? Theory and Measurement in the Study of State‐Level Immigration Policymaking
This study initiates a methodological critique of the state‐level immigration policy literature through the lens of the racial threat and group power perspectives. First, I highlight the conceptual problems related to the application of such theories to legislature‐level data analysis. Next, I demonstrate the methodological and analytical problems that raise concerns about ad hoc theorizing in this field. Using counts of hostile and welcoming imm…
Coping with a changing integration policy context
Over the past two decades, US states differentially increased their involvement in immigration policy-making, producing both welcoming and restrictive legislation. This uptick allows for a systematic comparative analysis on how state-level policies affect immigrants’ political attitudes and behaviour. This paper scrutinizes this question by drawing on the policy feedback literature and using a new immigration policy database and individual-level …
Studying Public Policy through Immigration Policy
This essay provides a critical review of the field of immigration policy studies from the perspective of measurement and modeling. It serves to contextualize and broaden the views presented in the special issue. As such, we combine insights from American and comparative politics, pinpoint key limitations and challenges in the field, and identify areas of strength within each subfield which could inform theory and measurement development for the o…
Immigrant Inclusion in the Safety Net
Across states, there is substantial variation in the degree to which immigrants and their children are offered public assistance. We present a theoretical framework for analyzing the effects of policy decisions about immigrant inclusion. We apply the framework to investigate the effect of the state safety net on educational attainment. We focus on the years following welfare reform in 1996, when states gained considerable autonomy over welfare po…
Together in Good Times and Bad? How Economic Triggers Condition the Effects of Intergroup Threat
Objectives Research has suggested that geosocial exposure to out‐groups is associated with heightened threat perceptions on the part of the dominant white majority. However, findings are not consistent. Methods Drawing on realistic group conflict theory and research in political science that privileges the role of the economic context, we test if the effects of geosocial exposure are conditioned on individual expectations about the health of the …
Analysing US State Legislative Resolutions on Immigrants and Immigration
Immigration in the United States is traditionally thought of as a federal‐level policy, but in recent years, states have been exceedingly active in this domain. We analyse the context and discourse of immigration‐related legislative resolutions from Southern border‐states, recipients of the heaviest immigration flows, and find that states do not respond in the same way to immigration challenges, and these differences occur over time and space. So…
Racial Resentment or Sexism? White Americans' Outgroup Attitudes as Predictors of Gun Ownership and NRA Membership
Gun ownership is a key predictor of gun policy preferences, political advocacy on behalf of gun rights, and political engagement. Theories have linked both racial and gender ideologies to gun ownership among white Americans, but the evidence is spotty. Statistical analyses provide some limited confirmation that racial resentment is a key predictor of gun ownership, but the role of sexism has not been tested quantitatively especially in conjunctio…
When Partisans and Minorities Interact
Objective Many studies investigating contact theory have suggested that contact effects are not universal but rather conditional. In this article, we test one form of conditional contact effects. Our approach posits that contact with out‐groups produces support for pro‐minority public policies only when in‐group members are not subject to contrary messages from co‐partisans. Methods We use data from an original survey to test this theory in the i…
Latinx identification with whiteness
Objective We seek to determine the antecedents of self‐categorization as white and white identity salience among Latinx people. We also investigate the effects of both on Latinx's political preferences. Methods We perform multivariate regression analyses using the 2012 American National Election Survey (ANES). The survey included 1005 Latinx U.S. citizens. Results We find that Latinx citizens with a strong Latino consciousness and more educated L…
Research Note
Studies of descriptive representation have focused on the ability of minority and female legislators to push through legislation that is beneficial to these constituencies. However, little is known concerning the role of such legislators in preventing the enactment of bills noxious to their constituencies' interests. This research note investigates the role of L atino legislators in deterring the introduction and blocking the enactment of restric…
How Source Cues Shape Evaluations of Group-Based Derogatory Political Messages
Theories of social norms suggest that, except for prejudiced people, individuals should reject racially derogatory speech. The increase of derogation in politics, including by in-group members, suggests more complexity. We argue that source cues shape the application of norms. Specifically, group membership of the observer and that of the speaker are critical to understanding how norms manifest in politics. We test this theory in four experimenta…
Do Perceptions of Ingroup Discrimination Fuel White Mistrust in Government? Insights from the 2012–2020 Anes and a Framing Experiment
Since the 1960s, political elites have used implicit and overt claims that the government discriminates against whites to mobilize white voters. As a result, many white Americans perceive government policies that address racial inequalities as a form of anti-white bias and politicians who criticize racial inequities as hostile to white interests. We hypothesize that white Americans who believe their group faces discrimination are more likely to m…
Beyond Performance
Who Buys the "Big Lie"? White Racial Grievance and Confidence in the Fairness of American Elections
Election skepticism has become a persistent feature of American politics since the Obama era. Such beliefs are most prevalent among White Americans and especially Republicans, and they are resistant to change. Conspiracy theory studies have shown that such beliefs are linked to feelings of ingroup victimization, at times associated with election loss. We draw on theories of White ingroup processes to argue that White grievance-the belief that Whi…
How Do Partisans Navigate Intra-Group Conflict? A Theory of Leadership-Driven Motivated Reasoning
Citizenship in Question
aCknowl EdgmEntSThis volume reflects impor tant collaborations beyond those of the coeditors, Benjamin Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, who first conceived of the project at a dinner party in Berkeley, California, in 2009.Comparing experiences outside academia, Lawrance as an expert witness and Stevens as an investigative journalist, they noted similarities in their encounters with people struggling to prove their identity and citizenship.Convers…
Anxious About Social Violence
Objective We theorize that anxiety (fear) related to mass shootings and social violence increases support for gun control among the American public. Methods We support our theory with a regression discontinuity analysis based on an actual mass shooting, observational analyses from the same data set testing the relationship between fear and support for gun control, and two survey experiments that prime anxiety in the context of mass shootings and …
The Return of Prejudice in Europe's Regions
Using data from 16 countries and employing multilevel analysis that encompasses the national, regional, and individual levels, we find that both economic and social factors trigger anti-immigrant attitudes among Europeans. Regional per capita GDP is positively correlated with tolerant attitudes while the regional unemployment rate drives prejudice. We find a moderating relationship between immigrant population size and per capita GDP, which sugge…
The case against removal
The United States removes from its territory almost 400,000 noncitizens annually—Germany removes about 50,000 people each year, France 26,000, and Canada 12,000. In this article, we focus on the impact of removal, and we argue that many individuals—often those who are best integrated in their countries of long-term residence—will suffer significant physical, psychological, economic, and social harm upon their return. Democratic states have normat…
Anxieties of an Ethnic Transition
This study shows that both race and perceptions about one’s personal economic situation can play a role in how voters assess the likely future of the city under a racially other mayor. Using the historic transition of the Providence mayoralty to a Latino mayor as the context, and new survey data collected in September 2010, our research show that Latinos –the ethnic “winners” of the contest, are more likely to express positive expectations about …
The conditional relationship between cultural and economic threats in white Americans’ support for refugee relocation programs
Objective Scholars have reached conflicting results as to the relative importance of cultural and economic threats to majority group receptivity to immigrants and refugees. This study seeks to test whether cultural or economic threat has a stronger influence on white Americans’ receptivity to Syrian refugees. Method We designed a 2 × 2 priming experiment fielded among white Americans in 2015 that varies both the religion of Syrian refugees to be …
Racial populism, partisan spillover, and Americans’ quest for citizen education policy control
Analysing US State Legislative Resolutions on Immigrants and Immigration
Immigration in the United States is traditionally thought of as a federal‐level policy, but in recent years, states have been exceedingly active in this domain. We analyse the context and discourse of immigration‐related legislative resolutions from Southern border‐states, recipients of the heaviest immigration flows, and find that states do not respond in the same way to immigration challenges, and these differences occur over time and space. So…
Research Note
Studies of descriptive representation have focused on the ability of minority and female legislators to push through legislation that is beneficial to these constituencies. However, little is known concerning the role of such legislators in preventing the enactment of bills noxious to their constituencies' interests. This research note investigates the role of L atino legislators in deterring the introduction and blocking the enactment of restric…
Together in Good Times and Bad? How Economic Triggers Condition the Effects of Intergroup Threat
Objectives Research has suggested that geosocial exposure to out‐groups is associated with heightened threat perceptions on the part of the dominant white majority. However, findings are not consistent. Methods Drawing on realistic group conflict theory and research in political science that privileges the role of the economic context, we test if the effects of geosocial exposure are conditioned on individual expectations about the health of the …
Anxieties of an Ethnic Transition
This study shows that both race and perceptions about one’s personal economic situation can play a role in how voters assess the likely future of the city under a racially other mayor. Using the historic transition of the Providence mayoralty to a Latino mayor as the context, and new survey data collected in September 2010, our research show that Latinos –the ethnic “winners” of the contest, are more likely to express positive expectations about …
Immigrant Social Policy in the American States
This article examines differences in the drivers of state Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Medicaid immigrant eligibility policies, determined in the wake of the 1996 Welfare Reform. The findings show that differences in the incentive structures of the two programs may affect the way race politics influence each. Specifically, race is a strong negative correlate for TANF inclusion of immigrants as states with large African Ameri…
The Emergence of the “Temporary Mexican”
Drawing on the literature on the social construction of public policy, this article pinpoints the emergence of the trope of the “temporary Mexican,” that is, the migrant farm laborer, to the 1920 congressional hearings on the “admission of illiterate Mexican laborers.” I argue that this construction was the brainchild of southwestern agriculture and its congressional supporters who sought to conceive of the Mexican laborer in terms consistent wit…
The case against removal
The United States removes from its territory almost 400,000 noncitizens annually—Germany removes about 50,000 people each year, France 26,000, and Canada 12,000. In this article, we focus on the impact of removal, and we argue that many individuals—often those who are best integrated in their countries of long-term residence—will suffer significant physical, psychological, economic, and social harm upon their return. Democratic states have normat…
The Return of Prejudice in Europe's Regions
Using data from 16 countries and employing multilevel analysis that encompasses the national, regional, and individual levels, we find that both economic and social factors trigger anti-immigrant attitudes among Europeans. Regional per capita GDP is positively correlated with tolerant attitudes while the regional unemployment rate drives prejudice. We find a moderating relationship between immigrant population size and per capita GDP, which sugge…
When Partisans and Minorities Interact
Objective Many studies investigating contact theory have suggested that contact effects are not universal but rather conditional. In this article, we test one form of conditional contact effects. Our approach posits that contact with out‐groups produces support for pro‐minority public policies only when in‐group members are not subject to contrary messages from co‐partisans. Methods We use data from an original survey to test this theory in the i…
Racial Resentment and Whites’ Gun Policy Preferences in Contemporary America
Immigrant Inclusion in the Safety Net
Across states, there is substantial variation in the degree to which immigrants and their children are offered public assistance. We present a theoretical framework for analyzing the effects of policy decisions about immigrant inclusion. We apply the framework to investigate the effect of the state safety net on educational attainment. We focus on the years following welfare reform in 1996, when states gained considerable autonomy over welfare po…
Citizenship in Question
aCknowl EdgmEntSThis volume reflects impor tant collaborations beyond those of the coeditors, Benjamin Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, who first conceived of the project at a dinner party in Berkeley, California, in 2009.Comparing experiences outside academia, Lawrance as an expert witness and Stevens as an investigative journalist, they noted similarities in their encounters with people struggling to prove their identity and citizenship.Convers…
Testing Theories of Gun Policy Preferences Among Blacks, Latinos, and Whites in America
Objective Research examining the factors shaping gun policy attitudes has focused on the general population or whites. Little is known about how self‐interest, political values, or racial prejudice shape the gun policy preferences of minorities. We seek to assess the effect of self‐interest, political values, and racial prejudice on the gun policy attitudes of whites, Latinos, and blacks. We also introduce a measure of prejudice difference in gro…
Coping with a changing integration policy context
Over the past two decades, US states differentially increased their involvement in immigration policy-making, producing both welcoming and restrictive legislation. This uptick allows for a systematic comparative analysis on how state-level policies affect immigrants’ political attitudes and behaviour. This paper scrutinizes this question by drawing on the policy feedback literature and using a new immigration policy database and individual-level …
Studying Public Policy through Immigration Policy
This essay provides a critical review of the field of immigration policy studies from the perspective of measurement and modeling. It serves to contextualize and broaden the views presented in the special issue. As such, we combine insights from American and comparative politics, pinpoint key limitations and challenges in the field, and identify areas of strength within each subfield which could inform theory and measurement development for the o…
Is “Threat” in the Eye of the Researcher? Theory and Measurement in the Study of State‐Level Immigration Policymaking
This study initiates a methodological critique of the state‐level immigration policy literature through the lens of the racial threat and group power perspectives. First, I highlight the conceptual problems related to the application of such theories to legislature‐level data analysis. Next, I demonstrate the methodological and analytical problems that raise concerns about ad hoc theorizing in this field. Using counts of hostile and welcoming imm…
Anxious About Social Violence
Objective We theorize that anxiety (fear) related to mass shootings and social violence increases support for gun control among the American public. Methods We support our theory with a regression discontinuity analysis based on an actual mass shooting, observational analyses from the same data set testing the relationship between fear and support for gun control, and two survey experiments that prime anxiety in the context of mass shootings and …
The Toughest Gun Control Law in the Nation
A critical examination of democracy
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Who are we? How did we get here? And where are we going? New questions, new concepts, new ideas and the role of ascriptive categories in political life
Who are we? How did we get here? And where are we going? New questions, new concepts, new ideas and the role of ascriptive categories in political life: a special edited collection of essays - Volume 6 Issue 1
Race politics research and the American presidency
Heeding the call of the special issue, we look at the past decade's advances in public opinion studies of our understanding of the relationship between white racial identities, attitudes, and presidential voting preferences. Following a short review of developments in the literature during the Obama years, we critically evaluated four theories explaining whites' support for Trump: racial resentment, xenophobia, sexism, and white identity. Using d…
Racial Resentment or Sexism? White Americans' Outgroup Attitudes as Predictors of Gun Ownership and NRA Membership
Gun ownership is a key predictor of gun policy preferences, political advocacy on behalf of gun rights, and political engagement. Theories have linked both racial and gender ideologies to gun ownership among white Americans, but the evidence is spotty. Statistical analyses provide some limited confirmation that racial resentment is a key predictor of gun ownership, but the role of sexism has not been tested quantitatively especially in conjunctio…
Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020
Objective In 2020, for the first time, a VP candidate was a black woman of immigrant parentage. This article asks whether Kamala Harris’ vice presidential candidacy may have motivated some white voters and especially those scoring high on racial resentment, anti‐immigrant attitudes, or sexism to vote for Trump instead of Biden. Methods We conducted an online priming experiment with non‐Hispanic white voters in August 2020, shortly after Harris wa…
Validating and testing a measure of anti‐semitism on support for QAnon and vote intention for Trump in 2020
Objective Knowledge on anti‐semitism and its effects as an attitude is limited. We seek to assess its relationship with other out‐group measures and its predictive ability on political judgments. We seek to (a) study the properties of a measure of anti‐semitism; (b) explore the relationship between anti‐semitism and other frequently used measures of out‐group attitudes; (c) assess the key demographic predictors of endorsement of anti‐semitic beli…
The conditional relationship between cultural and economic threats in white Americans’ support for refugee relocation programs
Objective Scholars have reached conflicting results as to the relative importance of cultural and economic threats to majority group receptivity to immigrants and refugees. This study seeks to test whether cultural or economic threat has a stronger influence on white Americans’ receptivity to Syrian refugees. Method We designed a 2 × 2 priming experiment fielded among white Americans in 2015 that varies both the religion of Syrian refugees to be …
Political science (37 works) · Law (30 works) · Politics (28 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Economics (19 works) · Law (19 works) · Social Psychology (19 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (18 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (17 works)