Joanne B Freeman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 196634 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Joanne B Freeman |
| PRENOMES | Joanne B |
| SOBRENOME | Freeman |
| ASSINATURA | FREEMAN J B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2061-8460 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 42 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 139 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 42 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1995 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization
Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers’ ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to …
Shifts in Facial Impression Structures Across Group Boundaries
Facial impressions have long been argued to be driven by two independent dimensions of trustworthiness and dominance. However, in an intergroup context, we reasoned that these dimensions may shift predictably and become more positively related for ingroup members, yet negatively related for outgroup members, due to dominance signaling outgroup threat and/or ingroup prosociality. In two studies, we examined how the two dimensions shift across mini…
Trustworthiness of Crowds Is Gleaned in Half a Second
Trustworthiness is a fundamental dimension underlying trait impressions of individual faces, and these impressions predict real-world social consequences. Building on ensemble coding research from the vision sciences, we explored to what extent statistical information about trustworthiness is gleaned from rapid exposure to crowds of faces. We showed that with half-second exposures to sets of eight faces, perceivers are sensitive to the set’s aver…
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
Facial Stereotyping Drives Judgments of Perceptually Ambiguous Social Groups
When seeing a face, people form judgments of perceptually ambiguous social categories (PASCs), for example, gun-owners, gay people, or alcoholics. Previous research has assumed that PASC judgments arise from the statistical learning of facial features in social encounters. We propose, instead, that perceivers associate facial features with traits (e.g., extroverted) and then infer PASC membership via learned stereotype associations with those tra…
The dynamic process of ambiguous emotion perception
Everyday social interactions hinge on our ability to resolve uncertainty in nonverbal cues. For example, although some facial expressions (e.g. happy, angry) convey a clear affective meaning, others (e.g. surprise) are ambiguous, in that their meaning is determined by the context. Here, we used mouse-tracking to examine the underlying process of resolving uncertainty. Previous work has suggested an initial negativity, in part via faster response …
Person knowledge shapes face identity perception
Facial Stereotype Bias Is Mitigated by Training
People automatically infer others’ personality (e.g., trustworthiness) based on facial appearance, and such facial stereotype biases predict real-world consequences across political, legal, and business domains. The present research tested whether these biases can be mitigated through counterstereotype training aimed at reconfiguring the associations between specific facial appearances and social traits. Across six studies and a replication, a be…
Learning to judge a book by its cover
To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply
Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof an…
Measuring and Resolving LGBTQ Disparities in STEM
LGBTQ people have pioneered major scientific advances, but they face challenges in STEM that ultimately waste human talent and hinder scientific progress. Growing evidence suggests that LGBTQ people in STEM are statistically underrepresented, encounter non-supportive environments, and leave STEM at an alarming rate. Potential factors driving LGBTQ disparities in STEM include bias and discrimination, misalignments of occupational interests with ST…
Trait knowledge forms a common structure across social cognition
The influence of visual context on the evaluation of facial trustworthiness
Conceptual knowledge predicts the representational structure of facial emotion perception
Affairs of Honor
In this extraordinary book, Joanne Freeman offers a major reassessment of political culture in the early years of the American republic. By exploring both the public actions and private papers of key figures such as Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and Alexander Hamilton, Freeman reveals an alien and profoundly unstable political world grounded on the code of honor. In the absence of a party system and with few examples to guide America’s experiment…
Slander, Poison, Whispers, and Fame
Thomas Jefferson was angry. Chief Justice John Marshall was writing a biography of George Washington - a history lauded as the most accurate to date, based on Washington&s;s actual correspondence, the most authentic of evidence. Jefferson responded to this impending Federalist lie as he always had. He devised a way to circulate the "truth". In the past, he had relied on political weapons both printed and oral to expose partisan intrigue to the Am…
Evidence for the Absence of Stimulus Quality Differences in Tests of the Accuracy of Sexual Orientation Judgments
An article recently published in this journal (Cox, Devine, Bischmann, & Hyde, 2016) questioned the validity of existing research on the accurate judgment of sexual orientation from photographs of faces. Specifically, those authors reported a confound in their stimuli whereby the photos of sexual minorities (gay men and lesbians) were of higher quality than the photos of heterosexuals. Based on this finding, they concluded that the accuracy in ju…
Positivity bias in judging ingroup members’ emotional expressions
We investigated how group membership impacts valence judgments of ingroup and outgroup members' emotional expressions. In Experiment 1, participants, randomized into 2 novel, competitive groups, rated the valence of in- and outgroup members' facial expressions (e.g., fearful, happy, neutral) using a circumplex affect grid. Across all emotions, participants judged ingroup members' expressions as more positive than outgroup members' expressions. In…
Differential effects of cognitive load on subjective versus motor responses to ambiguously valenced facial expressions
Valence is a principal dimension by which we understand emotional experiences, but oftentimes events are not easily classified as strictly positive or negative. Inevitably, individuals vary in how they tend to interpret the valence of ambiguous situations. Surprised facial expressions are one example of a well-defined, ambiguous affective event that induces trait-like differences in the propensity to form a positive or negative interpretation. To…
The Gendered Face of Partisan Politics
Facial cues are consequential for voters' behavior at the polls. Yet the facial cues that are associated with vote choice remain under-examined. We predicted that vote choice judgments rely, in part, on the sex typicality of facial cues (i.e., the degree of facial masculinity and femininity) that vary as a function of candidate gender and partisan identification. Stimuli included image pairs of winners and runners-up in the elections for the 111t…
Brain Reward Activity to Masked In-Group Smiling Faces Predicts Friendship Development
This study examined whether neural responses in the ventral striatum (VS) to in-group facial expressions—presented without explicit awareness—could predict friendship patterns in newly arrived individuals from China 6 months later. Individuals who initially showed greater VS activity in response to in-group happy expressions during functional neuroimaging later made considerably more in-group friends, suggesting that VS activity might reflect rew…
Early Processing of Gendered Facial Cues Predicts the Electoral Success of Female Politicians
This research examined how the typicality of gender cues in politicians’ faces related to their electoral success. Previous research has shown that faces with subtle gender-atypical cues elicit cognitive competition between male and female categories, which perceivers resolve during face perception. To assess whether this competition adversely impacted politicians’ electoral success, participants categorized the gender of politicians’ faces in a …
Advanced mouse-tracking analytic techniques for enhancing psychological science
Computer mouse-tracking is a relatively recently developed behavioral methodology that can contribute unique insight into a wide variety of psychological phenomena. By recording mouse movements en route to specific responses on a screen, researchers glean continuous information about tentative commitments to multiple response alternatives over time. This approach yields a richness of data that can be fully explored with a variety of sophisticated…
On the interactive influence of facial appearance and explicit knowledge in social categorization
Although people form impressions of others with ease, sometimes one's initial perceptions of individuals conflict with what one knows about them. Here, we aimed to investigate the process by which explicit knowledge about people interacts with initial perceptions on the basis of cues from facial appearance. Participants memorized the sexual orientations of men's faces wherein half of the targets were encoded with a sexual orientation opposite to …
Influences of culture and visual context on real-time social categorization
Race is gendered
We argue that race and sex categories are psychologically and phenotypically confounded, affecting social categorizations and their efficiency. Sex categorization of faces was facilitated when the race category shared facial phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian women and Black men) but was impaired when the race category shared incompatible phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian men an…
The Gendered Face of Partisan Politics
Facial cues are consequential for voters' behavior at the polls. Yet the facial cues that are associated with vote choice remain under-examined. We predicted that vote choice judgments rely, in part, on the sex typicality of facial cues (i.e., the degree of facial masculinity and femininity) that vary as a function of candidate gender and partisan identification. Stimuli included image pairs of winners and runners-up in the elections for the 111t…
Continuous dynamics in the real-time perception of race
Advanced mouse-tracking analytic techniques for enhancing psychological science
Computer mouse-tracking is a relatively recently developed behavioral methodology that can contribute unique insight into a wide variety of psychological phenomena. By recording mouse movements en route to specific responses on a screen, researchers glean continuous information about tentative commitments to multiple response alternatives over time. This approach yields a richness of data that can be fully explored with a variety of sophisticated…
The influence of visual context on the evaluation of facial trustworthiness
Influences of culture and visual context on real-time social categorization
On the interactive influence of facial appearance and explicit knowledge in social categorization
Although people form impressions of others with ease, sometimes one's initial perceptions of individuals conflict with what one knows about them. Here, we aimed to investigate the process by which explicit knowledge about people interacts with initial perceptions on the basis of cues from facial appearance. Participants memorized the sexual orientations of men's faces wherein half of the targets were encoded with a sexual orientation opposite to …
When two become one
To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply
Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof an…
Trait knowledge forms a common structure across social cognition
Affairs of Honor
Most scholars interested in the political culture of the early republic have concentrated on the emergence of the “first party system.” Regardless of their focus—national, state, or lo-cal—they consider the formation of political parties central to our understanding of the era. Consequently, the bulk of such scholarship exemplifies what has variously been described by Marc Bloch as the “idol of origins,” by David Fischer as the “fallacy of the pr…
Learning to judge a book by its cover
Conceptual knowledge predicts the representational structure of facial emotion perception
A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts. In the present work, we held a research …
The Culture of Politics
In a way, there is an unspoken subtext to this “state-of-the-field” panel on political history. For at least some of us, there is a whisper of uneasiness associated with this topic, a small internal voice concerned about the health and survival of political history. In the relatively recent past, the flowering of social history challenged and eventually toppled the dominance of political history—a fine development, given that in the long reach of…
Affairs of Honor
Slander, Poison, Whispers, and Fame
Slander, Poison, Whispers, and Fame
Dueling as Politics
O N the evening of July Io, i804, Alexander Hamilton was a man tormented. At dawn he would duel with Aaron Hamilton considered himself strongly opposed to the practice of Duelling, yet the following morning he would stand opposite Burr on the heights of Weehawken, New Jersey, pistol in hand, awaiting the command to fire.' Three weeks earlier, Burr had taken offense at remarks attributed to Hamilton in The Albany Register. In the midst of New York…
The Presidency of James Monroe
Parades and the Politics of the Street
Throughout the 1790s, the streets and public places of the new American republic were alive with often elaborate, sometimes unruly parades, feasts, and festivals. Simon Newman vividly evokes the celebrations of America's first national holidays in the years between the ratification of the Constitution and the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson. He demonstrates how, by taking part in the festive culture of the streets, nonelite American men and wome…
Liberty! The American Revolution
Liberty! The American Revolution. Prod. by Ellen Hovde and Muffie Meyer. Middlemarch Films, 1997. 360 mins. (PBS Video, 1320 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314-1698) Get access Joanne Freeman Joanne Freeman Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 86, Issue 3, December 1999, Pages 1415–1417, https://doi.org/10.2307/2568724 Published: 01 D…
Affairs of honor
In this book, Joanne Freeman offers a major reassessment of political culture in the early years of the American republic. By exploring both the public actions and private papers of key figures like Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and Alexander Hamilton, as well as less famous politicians such as Senators William Maclay and William Plumer, Freeman reveals an alien and profoundly unstable political world grounded on the code of honor. In the absence…
Affairs of Honor
Affairs of Honor
Most scholars interested in the political culture of the early republic have concentrated on the emergence of the “first party system.” Regardless of their focus—national, state, or lo-cal—they consider the formation of political parties central to our understanding of the era. Consequently, the bulk of such scholarship exemplifies what has variously been described by Marc Bloch as the “idol of origins,” by David Fischer as the “fallacy of the pr…
Gossips with Guns
The Culture of Politics
In a way, there is an unspoken subtext to this “state-of-the-field” panel on political history. For at least some of us, there is a whisper of uneasiness associated with this topic, a small internal voice concerned about the health and survival of political history. In the relatively recent past, the flowering of social history challenged and eventually toppled the dominance of political history—a fine development, given that in the long reach of…
Affairs of Honor
Continuous dynamics in the real-time perception of race
Sexual Orientation Perception Involves Gendered Facial Cues
Perceivers can accurately judge a face’s sexual orientation, but the perceptual mechanisms mediating this remain obscure. The authors hypothesized that stereotypes casting gays and lesbians as gender “inverts,” in cultural circulation for a century and a half, lead perceivers to use gendered facial cues to infer sexual orientation. Using computer-generated faces, Study 1 showed that as two facial dimensions (shape and texture) became more gender …
When two become one
A dynamic interactive theory of person construal.
A dynamic interactive theory of person construal is proposed. It assumes that the perception of other people is accomplished by a dynamical system involving continuous interaction between social categories, stereotypes, high-level cognitive states, and the low-level processing of facial, vocal, and bodily cues. This system permits lower-level sensory perception and higher-order social cognition to dynamically coordinate across multiple interactiv…
Looking the Part
It is commonly believed that race is perceived through another's facial features, such as skin color. In the present research, we demonstrate that cues to social status that often surround a face systematically change the perception of its race. Participants categorized the race of faces that varied along White-Black morph continua and that were presented with high-status or low-status attire. Low-status attire increased the likelihood of categor…
Influences of culture and visual context on real-time social categorization
Race is gendered
We argue that race and sex categories are psychologically and phenotypically confounded, affecting social categorizations and their efficiency. Sex categorization of faces was facilitated when the race category shared facial phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian women and Black men) but was impaired when the race category shared incompatible phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian men an…
Early Processing of Gendered Facial Cues Predicts the Electoral Success of Female Politicians
This research examined how the typicality of gender cues in politicians’ faces related to their electoral success. Previous research has shown that faces with subtle gender-atypical cues elicit cognitive competition between male and female categories, which perceivers resolve during face perception. To assess whether this competition adversely impacted politicians’ electoral success, participants categorized the gender of politicians’ faces in a …
Advanced mouse-tracking analytic techniques for enhancing psychological science
Computer mouse-tracking is a relatively recently developed behavioral methodology that can contribute unique insight into a wide variety of psychological phenomena. By recording mouse movements en route to specific responses on a screen, researchers glean continuous information about tentative commitments to multiple response alternatives over time. This approach yields a richness of data that can be fully explored with a variety of sophisticated…
On the interactive influence of facial appearance and explicit knowledge in social categorization
Although people form impressions of others with ease, sometimes one's initial perceptions of individuals conflict with what one knows about them. Here, we aimed to investigate the process by which explicit knowledge about people interacts with initial perceptions on the basis of cues from facial appearance. Participants memorized the sexual orientations of men's faces wherein half of the targets were encoded with a sexual orientation opposite to …
Brain Reward Activity to Masked In-Group Smiling Faces Predicts Friendship Development
This study examined whether neural responses in the ventral striatum (VS) to in-group facial expressions—presented without explicit awareness—could predict friendship patterns in newly arrived individuals from China 6 months later. Individuals who initially showed greater VS activity in response to in-group happy expressions during functional neuroimaging later made considerably more in-group friends, suggesting that VS activity might reflect rew…
Positivity bias in judging ingroup members’ emotional expressions
We investigated how group membership impacts valence judgments of ingroup and outgroup members' emotional expressions. In Experiment 1, participants, randomized into 2 novel, competitive groups, rated the valence of in- and outgroup members' facial expressions (e.g., fearful, happy, neutral) using a circumplex affect grid. Across all emotions, participants judged ingroup members' expressions as more positive than outgroup members' expressions. In…
Differential effects of cognitive load on subjective versus motor responses to ambiguously valenced facial expressions
Valence is a principal dimension by which we understand emotional experiences, but oftentimes events are not easily classified as strictly positive or negative. Inevitably, individuals vary in how they tend to interpret the valence of ambiguous situations. Surprised facial expressions are one example of a well-defined, ambiguous affective event that induces trait-like differences in the propensity to form a positive or negative interpretation. To…
The Gendered Face of Partisan Politics
Facial cues are consequential for voters' behavior at the polls. Yet the facial cues that are associated with vote choice remain under-examined. We predicted that vote choice judgments rely, in part, on the sex typicality of facial cues (i.e., the degree of facial masculinity and femininity) that vary as a function of candidate gender and partisan identification. Stimuli included image pairs of winners and runners-up in the elections for the 111t…
Psychology (29 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (23 obras) · Cognitive psychology (21 obras) · Perception (19 obras) · Face Recognition and Perception (13 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (13 obras) · Social perception (13 obras) · Sociology (13 obras)