P P Verhaeghe
Biographic Data
| ID | 19695 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P P Verhaeghe |
| GIVEN NAMES | P P |
| FAMILY NAME | Verhaeghe |
| SIGNATURE | VERHAEGHE P P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Vrije Universiteit Brussel |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2582-6506 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 177 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Discrimination and deservingness
Public acceptance of discrimination is typically treated as a reflection of prejudice. We argue it is better understood as a moral judgment about deservingness – a grammar through which exclusion is recast as fairness. Using the CARIN criteria, we examine how perceptions of deservingness shape the acceptability of discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, and language. Analyses draw on an online survey of adults in Belgium (N = 3,000), in whic…
From Mocks to Realities? A Case Study on the Social Impact of Mock Exams in University
This case study analyses the impact of intermediate mock exams in a first-year statistics course on the social inequalities observed in tertiary education. Through descriptive analysis and regression models of a sample of 478 students, we examine how these exams influence subsequent educational decisions. Our hypothesis states that students without a university-educated parent are more likely to attribute failure to innate ability, impacting thei…
Local Governments’ Response to Discrimination
Does more knowledge on anti-discrimination law relate to more support for anti-discrimination policy on the rental housing market
Discrimination is still a pervasive problem on the rental housing market. At the same time, the efficiency of anti-discrimination policies relies on the support for and knowledge of these policies. We examined to what extent landlords have knowledge of the anti-discrimination legislation in Belgium and whether their level of knowledge is related to their support for anti-discrimination policy measures. For these purposes, we performed a survey in…
Five Traditions of Quantitative Research on Racism
The study of racism has become increasingly fragmented, with varying conceptualizations, specializations and methodologies, often divided along disciplinary lines. This paper reviews five traditions of quantitative research on racism, covering research on explicit racial attitudes, implicit biases, discrimination, migration and integration policies, ethno‐racial disparities, and perceived experiences of racism. We elaborate on their research obje…
Local Governments’ Response to Discrimination
Discrimination is widely studied, with extensive research measuring discrimination on the housing and labor markets. This study examines how local governments address this well-documented issue, by conducting content analysis on 45 policy documents and by performing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 alder(wo)men and diversity officers across nine Belgian cities. We introduce a temporal framework combining why, what, how, and when local …
The U-turn in educational inequality. Why a multidimensional approach matters for measuring social inequalities in tertiary educational attainment
This study examines the evolution in the association between social origins and tertiary educational attainment in Belgium, from post-World War II to the millennium’s onset. For this, we rely on a multidimensional measurement of social origins that accounts for interaction mechanisms between parental class and educational resources. We analyse 13,803 individuals over four birth cohorts. In contrast to previous studies, we find a decline in social…
Reducing ethnic discrimination in rental applications
While field experiments are valuable in their ability to objectively analyse patterns of discrimination, research that focuses on reducing discrimination is systematically lacking. The present study addresses this gap. Building on both cognitive and behavioural processes that steer discriminatory decision-making and insights from diversity literature, we develop and test the effectiveness of a training intervention which is tailored to the specif…
Implicit Racial Bias in Europe
The authors visualize how implicit racial bias at the collective level varies across European countries and how it changed between 2009 and 2019. To obtain population-level estimates, the authors re-weight implicit association test data from the Project Implicit international dataset ( n = 184,745). Implicit bias against Black people is stronger in southern and eastern vis-à-vis northern and western European countries. It decreased until the mid-…
Searching for migration
In recent research, Google Trends data has been identified as a potentially useful data source to complement or even replace otherwise traditional data for predicting migration flows. However, the research on this is in its infancy, and as of yet suffers from a distinctive Western bias both in the topics covered as in the applicability of the methods. To examine its wider utility, this paper evaluates the predictive potential of Google Trends dat…
Identifying rental discrimination on the Flemish housing market
This study aims to identify rental discrimination on the Flemish rental housing market in Belgium, taking the intersectional nature of discrimination into account. Most discrimination studies focus on unequal access based on one individual discrimination ground. This practice eludes the context of the other discrimination grounds in which rental discrimination occurs and neglects the intersectional nature of discrimination. We therefore conducted…
Different names, different discrimination? How perceptions of names can explain rental discrimination
We find that realtors discriminate based on the perception of a name as religious, which we describe as religious taste-based discrimination. Besides, we also find indications for statistical discrimination. For landlords, the perception of a name as non-European increases discrimination, indicating ethnic taste-based discrimination
Ethnic prejudices and public support for anti-discrimination policies on the housing market
Notwithstanding persistent levels of ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market, we have witnessed in many West-European countries a shift from targeted multicultural to colour-blind policies. At the same time, anti-immigration attitudes remained relatively stable. Whether and how these attitudes are translated in support or aversion toward anti-discrimination policies is, however, still unclear. As the first study in Europe we analyse pu…
In the Name of the Neighbor
Correspondence testing is an increasingly used method to measure ethnic discrimination. Hereby researchers make use of names to signal ethnic origin. Nevertheless, it is rather rare that the used names are thoroughly pretested. Names are implicitly or explicitly assumed to contain clear signals of ethnic origin. Besides, individual differences in ethnic perceptions of names are ignored. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the ethnic percept…
Is labour market discrimination against ethnic minorities better explained by taste or statistics? A systematic review of the empirical evidence
Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe
Equal Opportunity programs (EO) continue to be at the center of the debate about promoting equality in higher education. While support for EO has been well‐studied in American higher education, this research is the first to investigate the attitudes towards and support for a range of EO policies among professors in Europe. We specifically examine faculty support for seven different EO measures used in European universities that require varying le…
Addressing methodological assumptions of correspondence tests when measuring discrimination
In this study, we introduce a critical assessment of methodological assumptions made by researchers when using correspondence tests to measure ethnic discrimination. We aim to investigate whether (1) the order in which the applications are sent out, between the test and control person, (2) the conducted matched triad tests, in comparison to matched duo tests, and (3) the timing of application within the week, have an effect on discrimination rate…
Does the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency matter? Geographical differences in ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market
This study aims to investigate to which extent the ethnic and socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood is related to levels of discrimination in the rental housing market and how this is linked to theories of ethnic discrimination. Hereby, we divide the context into the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency, using data from 2385 correspondence tests conducted among realtors in the city of Antwerp in Belgium. Regarding th…
Rental discrimination, perceived threat and public attitudes towards immigration and refugees
There is still little research about the association of anti-immigrant attitudes with ethnic discrimination. In this study we investigate whether there is more rental discrimination against ethnic minorities in Belgian municipalities with more negative attitudes and higher perceived threats toward immigration and refugees. For this purpose, we merged unique data from correspondence tests with the aggregated attitudes in 44 municipalities. There w…
Everyday Racism in Social Science Research
Since the 1980s, everyday racism has gained ground within the social sciences. However, the theory of everyday racism has not been properly adopted and, consequently, varies across different research fields. The main goal of this study is to improve the scientific rigor within research on everyday racism in the human and social sciences. Following a review of the ground-breaking work of Philomena Essed, three main components in everyday racism li…
The Conceptualization of Everyday Racism in Research on the Mental and Physical Health of Ethnic and Racial Groups
Shiny on the Outside, Rotten on the Inside? Perceptions of Female Early Career Researchers on Diversity Policies in Higher Education Institutions
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination on the housing market
This explorative study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination. By means of 482 pairwise matched correspondence tests in pre-Covid times and 440 tests in Covid times, we examine discrimination against candidates of Maghrebian and Congolese origin on the housing market of a metropolitan city in Belgium. While the absolute invitation rates decreased for both Maghrebian and Belgian candidates at almost the same pace in …
School of choice or schools’ choice? Intersectional correspondence testing on ethnic and class discrimination in the enrolment procedure to Flemish kindergarten
Most research on intake focusses on the restrictions parents’ capital cause on their abilities to choose. However, the steering effect of schools in the choice-process has been neglected. We chose the Flemish context to investigate ethnic- and class-discrimination in the enrolment to kindergarten (N = 2243). The Flemish education system is known for its exceptional ‘freedom of choice’ allowing parents to enrol their children into their school of …
Ethnic discrimination upon request? Real estate agents’ strategies for discriminatory questions of clients
Individual social capital, neighbourhood deprivation, and self-rated health in England
Socio-economic and Ethnic Inequalities in Social Capital from the Family among Labour Market Entrants
This study investigates how the socio-economic positions of the parents shape the access to social capital of their children. We examine the influence of three parental socio-economic positions on the access to three job-finding resources from the family among labour market entrants. In addition, we examine how ethnic differences in family social capital are rooted in the unequal socio-economic positions of different ethnic categories. For these …
The association between network social capital and self-rated health
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination on the housing market
This explorative study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination. By means of 482 pairwise matched correspondence tests in pre-Covid times and 440 tests in Covid times, we examine discrimination against candidates of Maghrebian and Congolese origin on the housing market of a metropolitan city in Belgium. While the absolute invitation rates decreased for both Maghrebian and Belgian candidates at almost the same pace in …
Ethnic discrimination upon request? Real estate agents’ strategies for discriminatory questions of clients
Differences in Social Capital between Urban and Rural Environments
In the literature, several contradicting views can be found concerning rural–urban differences in individual social capital. This study combines a literature review with an empirical examination of the different points of view, applying multilevel modeling techniques on data collected from 2,332 students living across 216 municipalities. In general, social capital appears to be higher among students from municipalities in central agglomerations t…
School of choice or schools’ choice? Intersectional correspondence testing on ethnic and class discrimination in the enrolment procedure to Flemish kindergarten
Most research on intake focusses on the restrictions parents’ capital cause on their abilities to choose. However, the steering effect of schools in the choice-process has been neglected. We chose the Flemish context to investigate ethnic- and class-discrimination in the enrolment to kindergarten (N = 2243). The Flemish education system is known for its exceptional ‘freedom of choice’ allowing parents to enrol their children into their school of …
Could you help me, please? Intersectional field experiments on everyday discrimination in clothing stores
Although we live in a society that pictures itself as antiracial and gender equal, research has shown that subtle forms of discrimination persist and affect the everyday life of ethnic minorities and women. This study investigates everyday discrimination while shopping in clothing stores of different price ranges from an intersectional perspective looking at ethnic and gender discrimination. To measure discrimination, we performed situation tests…
God Bless Our Children? The Role of Generation, Discrimination and Religious Context for Migrants in Europe
This article deals with individual and contextual effects on the religiosity of first and second generation migrants in Europe. Noticing that little attention has been directed towards intergenerational transmission of religion in processes of integration, we argue for an intergenerational perspective on immigrant religiosity. Social integration theory is used to derive the hypothesis that second generation immigrants are less religious than the …
Shiny on the Outside, Rotten on the Inside? Perceptions of Female Early Career Researchers on Diversity Policies in Higher Education Institutions
Different names, different discrimination? How perceptions of names can explain rental discrimination
We find that realtors discriminate based on the perception of a name as religious, which we describe as religious taste-based discrimination. Besides, we also find indications for statistical discrimination. For landlords, the perception of a name as non-European increases discrimination, indicating ethnic taste-based discrimination
Reliability of Position Generator Measures across Different Occupational Lists
The position generator is a widely used research tool to measure individual social capital. Although the position generator is said to be reliable, there are only a few broad guidelines to construct the instrument and there is no standard list of occupational items. Furthermore, the reliability of the position generator across different occupational lists has not yet been tested. This article examines the reliability of 13 position generator meas…
Is Living in a High-Rise Building Bad for Your Self-Rated Health
Ethnic Diversity in Belgium
Ethnic prejudices and public support for anti-discrimination policies on the housing market
Notwithstanding persistent levels of ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market, we have witnessed in many West-European countries a shift from targeted multicultural to colour-blind policies. At the same time, anti-immigration attitudes remained relatively stable. Whether and how these attitudes are translated in support or aversion toward anti-discrimination policies is, however, still unclear. As the first study in Europe we analyse pu…
Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe
Equal Opportunity programs (EO) continue to be at the center of the debate about promoting equality in higher education. While support for EO has been well‐studied in American higher education, this research is the first to investigate the attitudes towards and support for a range of EO policies among professors in Europe. We specifically examine faculty support for seven different EO measures used in European universities that require varying le…
Does the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency matter? Geographical differences in ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market
This study aims to investigate to which extent the ethnic and socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood is related to levels of discrimination in the rental housing market and how this is linked to theories of ethnic discrimination. Hereby, we divide the context into the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency, using data from 2385 correspondence tests conducted among realtors in the city of Antwerp in Belgium. Regarding th…
Ethnic residential segregation
Despite the importance of household characteristics for residential mobility, these characteristics are seldom considered in research on ethnic residential segregation. This study seeks to fill this gap when focusing on the residential behaviour of ethnic minorities and the constraints they face on the housing market. We use conditional logit modelling to analyse the Belgian Census 2011 in order to investigate the relationship between, on the one…
Should I stay or should I go? The association between upward socio-economic neighbourhood change and moving propensities
Previous research on gentrification almost exclusively focussed on either the gentrifiers or those who are displaced. Those who manage to avoid displacement remain understudied. To shed new light on these original inhabitants, we link upward change in low-income neighbourhoods, measured by the changing socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood, to the propensity to move based on dissatisfaction with the neighbourhood or the home of both low…
Local Governments’ Response to Discrimination
Discrimination is widely studied, with extensive research measuring discrimination on the housing and labor markets. This study examines how local governments address this well-documented issue, by conducting content analysis on 45 policy documents and by performing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 alder(wo)men and diversity officers across nine Belgian cities. We introduce a temporal framework combining why, what, how, and when local …
Implicit Racial Bias in Europe
The authors visualize how implicit racial bias at the collective level varies across European countries and how it changed between 2009 and 2019. To obtain population-level estimates, the authors re-weight implicit association test data from the Project Implicit international dataset ( n = 184,745). Implicit bias against Black people is stronger in southern and eastern vis-à-vis northern and western European countries. It decreased until the mid-…
In the Name of the Neighbor
Correspondence testing is an increasingly used method to measure ethnic discrimination. Hereby researchers make use of names to signal ethnic origin. Nevertheless, it is rather rare that the used names are thoroughly pretested. Names are implicitly or explicitly assumed to contain clear signals of ethnic origin. Besides, individual differences in ethnic perceptions of names are ignored. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the ethnic percept…
Addressing methodological assumptions of correspondence tests when measuring discrimination
In this study, we introduce a critical assessment of methodological assumptions made by researchers when using correspondence tests to measure ethnic discrimination. We aim to investigate whether (1) the order in which the applications are sent out, between the test and control person, (2) the conducted matched triad tests, in comparison to matched duo tests, and (3) the timing of application within the week, have an effect on discrimination rate…
Ethnic Residential Segregation
The association between network social capital and self-rated health
Differences in Social Capital between Urban and Rural Environments
In the literature, several contradicting views can be found concerning rural–urban differences in individual social capital. This study combines a literature review with an empirical examination of the different points of view, applying multilevel modeling techniques on data collected from 2,332 students living across 216 municipalities. In general, social capital appears to be higher among students from municipalities in central agglomerations t…
Individual social capital, neighbourhood deprivation, and self-rated health in England
God Bless Our Children? The Role of Generation, Discrimination and Religious Context for Migrants in Europe
This article deals with individual and contextual effects on the religiosity of first and second generation migrants in Europe. Noticing that little attention has been directed towards intergenerational transmission of religion in processes of integration, we argue for an intergenerational perspective on immigrant religiosity. Social integration theory is used to derive the hypothesis that second generation immigrants are less religious than the …
Reliability of Position Generator Measures across Different Occupational Lists
The position generator is a widely used research tool to measure individual social capital. Although the position generator is said to be reliable, there are only a few broad guidelines to construct the instrument and there is no standard list of occupational items. Furthermore, the reliability of the position generator across different occupational lists has not yet been tested. This article examines the reliability of 13 position generator meas…
Socio-economic and Ethnic Inequalities in Social Capital from the Family among Labour Market Entrants
This study investigates how the socio-economic positions of the parents shape the access to social capital of their children. We examine the influence of three parental socio-economic positions on the access to three job-finding resources from the family among labour market entrants. In addition, we examine how ethnic differences in family social capital are rooted in the unequal socio-economic positions of different ethnic categories. For these …
Inequalities in social capital and their longitudinal effects on the labour market entry
Ethnic Diversity in Belgium
Is Living in a High-Rise Building Bad for Your Self-Rated Health
Should I stay or should I go? The association between upward socio-economic neighbourhood change and moving propensities
Previous research on gentrification almost exclusively focussed on either the gentrifiers or those who are displaced. Those who manage to avoid displacement remain understudied. To shed new light on these original inhabitants, we link upward change in low-income neighbourhoods, measured by the changing socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood, to the propensity to move based on dissatisfaction with the neighbourhood or the home of both low…
Ethnic discrimination upon request? Real estate agents’ strategies for discriminatory questions of clients
Ethnic residential segregation
Despite the importance of household characteristics for residential mobility, these characteristics are seldom considered in research on ethnic residential segregation. This study seeks to fill this gap when focusing on the residential behaviour of ethnic minorities and the constraints they face on the housing market. We use conditional logit modelling to analyse the Belgian Census 2011 in order to investigate the relationship between, on the one…
Ethnic Residential Segregation
Could you help me, please? Intersectional field experiments on everyday discrimination in clothing stores
Although we live in a society that pictures itself as antiracial and gender equal, research has shown that subtle forms of discrimination persist and affect the everyday life of ethnic minorities and women. This study investigates everyday discrimination while shopping in clothing stores of different price ranges from an intersectional perspective looking at ethnic and gender discrimination. To measure discrimination, we performed situation tests…
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination on the housing market
This explorative study examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic discrimination. By means of 482 pairwise matched correspondence tests in pre-Covid times and 440 tests in Covid times, we examine discrimination against candidates of Maghrebian and Congolese origin on the housing market of a metropolitan city in Belgium. While the absolute invitation rates decreased for both Maghrebian and Belgian candidates at almost the same pace in …
School of choice or schools’ choice? Intersectional correspondence testing on ethnic and class discrimination in the enrolment procedure to Flemish kindergarten
Most research on intake focusses on the restrictions parents’ capital cause on their abilities to choose. However, the steering effect of schools in the choice-process has been neglected. We chose the Flemish context to investigate ethnic- and class-discrimination in the enrolment to kindergarten (N = 2243). The Flemish education system is known for its exceptional ‘freedom of choice’ allowing parents to enrol their children into their school of …
Rental discrimination, perceived threat and public attitudes towards immigration and refugees
There is still little research about the association of anti-immigrant attitudes with ethnic discrimination. In this study we investigate whether there is more rental discrimination against ethnic minorities in Belgian municipalities with more negative attitudes and higher perceived threats toward immigration and refugees. For this purpose, we merged unique data from correspondence tests with the aggregated attitudes in 44 municipalities. There w…
Everyday Racism in Social Science Research
Since the 1980s, everyday racism has gained ground within the social sciences. However, the theory of everyday racism has not been properly adopted and, consequently, varies across different research fields. The main goal of this study is to improve the scientific rigor within research on everyday racism in the human and social sciences. Following a review of the ground-breaking work of Philomena Essed, three main components in everyday racism li…
The Conceptualization of Everyday Racism in Research on the Mental and Physical Health of Ethnic and Racial Groups
Shiny on the Outside, Rotten on the Inside? Perceptions of Female Early Career Researchers on Diversity Policies in Higher Education Institutions
Is labour market discrimination against ethnic minorities better explained by taste or statistics? A systematic review of the empirical evidence
Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe
Equal Opportunity programs (EO) continue to be at the center of the debate about promoting equality in higher education. While support for EO has been well‐studied in American higher education, this research is the first to investigate the attitudes towards and support for a range of EO policies among professors in Europe. We specifically examine faculty support for seven different EO measures used in European universities that require varying le…
Addressing methodological assumptions of correspondence tests when measuring discrimination
In this study, we introduce a critical assessment of methodological assumptions made by researchers when using correspondence tests to measure ethnic discrimination. We aim to investigate whether (1) the order in which the applications are sent out, between the test and control person, (2) the conducted matched triad tests, in comparison to matched duo tests, and (3) the timing of application within the week, have an effect on discrimination rate…
Does the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency matter? Geographical differences in ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market
This study aims to investigate to which extent the ethnic and socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood is related to levels of discrimination in the rental housing market and how this is linked to theories of ethnic discrimination. Hereby, we divide the context into the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency, using data from 2385 correspondence tests conducted among realtors in the city of Antwerp in Belgium. Regarding th…
Searching for migration
In recent research, Google Trends data has been identified as a potentially useful data source to complement or even replace otherwise traditional data for predicting migration flows. However, the research on this is in its infancy, and as of yet suffers from a distinctive Western bias both in the topics covered as in the applicability of the methods. To examine its wider utility, this paper evaluates the predictive potential of Google Trends dat…
Sociology (24 works) · Economics (20 works) · Political science (19 works) · Psychology (19 works) · Ethnic group (17 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research (15 works) · Law (13 works) · Geography (12 works) · Social Psychology (11 works)