Robert L Kaufman
Biographic Data
| ID | 198301 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert L Kaufman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert L |
| FAMILY NAME | Kaufman |
| SIGNATURE | KAUFMAN R L |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 576 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Training parenting plan evaluators: Looking towards the future
Standards of practice for parenting plan evaluations continue to evolve, informed by advances in research and the development of innovative, evidence‐based approaches to assessment and intervention. Parenting plan evaluators are asked to inform the court, parents, and other professionals on how to address the complex needs of increasingly diverse families amid reorganization, high conflict, and crisis. How can we attract and properly train new me…
Race and Ethnic Representations of Lawbreakers and Victims in Crime News: A National Study of Television Coverage
Research on racial-ethnic portrayals in television crime news is limited and questions remain about the sources of representations and how these vary for perpetrators versus victims. We draw from power structure, market share, normal crimes, racial threat, and racial privileging perspectives to further this research. The reported race or ethnicity of violent crime perpetrators and victims are modeled as functions of: (1) situational characteristi…
Racial differences in household wealth: Beyond Black and White
Housing and wealth inequality: Racial-ethnic differences in home equity in the United States
In our study, we took a first step toward broadening our understanding of the sources of both housing and wealth inequality by studying differences in housing equity among blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Using data from the American Housing Survey, we found substantial and significant gaps in housing equity for blacks and Hispanics (but not for Asians) compared with whites, even after we controlled for a w…
Driving While Black: Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Citizen Self‐reports of Traffic Stops and Police Actions
Are African‐American men, compared with white men, more likely to report being stopped by police for traffic law violations? Are African‐American men and Hispanic drivers less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and less likely to report that police acted properly? This study answers these questions using citizen self‐reports of their traffic stop encounters with the police. Net of other important explanatory variabl…
Assessing Alternative Perspectives on Race and Sex Employment Segregation
Four major explanations for employment segregation-skill deficits, worker preferences, economic and organizational structure, and stereotyping/queuing-are assessed using a diverse and overlapping set of predictors: general skills and training, product market structure, race- and sex-typed tasks and conditions, desirable employment and growth rates, and links to other labor market actors. A two-stage measurement and analytic strategy controls for …
How low can it go? declining black-white segregation in A multiethnic context
We extend research on whites’ neighborhood contact with blacks, population composition, and prospects for desegregation by developing a new measure of the floor of racial residential segregation under conditions of low black-white contact. The measure incorporates the way in which multi ethnic contexts further constrain levels of black-white segregation. The results show that black-white desegregation is likely when the black population is small,…
Reply to “Comments on `Estimating Macro-Relationships Using Micro-Data: A One-Stage Approach' ”
Decomposing Longitudinal from Cross-Unit Effects in Panel and Pooled Cross-Sectional Designs
This article proposes a method for analyzing data from panels and pooled cross-sections that can separate the effects of exogenous variables on the endogenous variable into cross-unit and longitudinal components. Monte Carlo results suggest that estimation using estimated generalized least squares is close to theoretical expectations for unbiasedness and reasonably reproduces the expected distribution of confidence intervals for a variety of comb…
Measuring the same concepts across diverse organizations
Going up the Ladder: Multiplicity Sampling to Create Linked Macro-to-Micro Organizational Samples
We argue that researchers should use representative samples to address many issues and that long-standing interest in the connections between macrolevel and microlevel processes is also central to organizational analysis. Our literature review suggests that designs that link organizations to suborganizational units or members have deficiencies involving atypicalness of cases studied or inadequate and unreliable data on organizations derived from …
Estimating Macro-Relationships Using Micro-Data: A One-Stage Approach
Widespread recognition that many sociological processes occur at multiple levels has led researchers to search for valid forms of cross-level modeling such as contextual analysis. In this article, we propose an alternative cross-level method for examining the effects of macro-factors on macro-processes while controlling for processes at a lower-level of aggregation. This method applies existing statistical techniques but in a new fashion. It has …
Beyond Industrial Dualism: Market and Job Segmentation in the New Economy
Variations on a Theme: More Uses of Odds Ratios to Interpret Log-Linear Parameters
This article presents an expository discussion of the use of odds, odds ratios, and functions of odds ratios as an aid to the interpretation of log-linear parameters. While there have been some previous presentations on the use of odds ratios, this method has never been fully and systematically developed for complex situations, nor have the potential problems of interpretation using odds ratios been discussed. The presentation in this article mor…
The Impact of Industrial and Occupational Structure on Black-White Employment Allocation
This research focuses on the factors associated with the differential distribution of black and white men across labor market positions. Hypotheses concerning the effects of industrial and occupational characteristics are derived using an eclectic approach 'which draws heavily on the labor market segmentation literature. Incorporated, as it'ell, are ideas from neoclassical and institutional economics and from the occupational segregation and clas…
Using Adjusted Crosstabulations to Interpret Log-Linear Relationships
Log-linear analysis was developed as a more powerful technique for the analysis of multivariate tables of categorical variables. It was specifically designed to deal with some of the problems that plagued users of crosstabulations. of the major drawbacks to the traditional crosstabulation approach is the difficulty of controlling for the effects of more than a single other variable. This is often due to small sample sizes within cells of a crosst…
Issues in Multivariate Cluster Analysis: Some Simulation Results
Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the research in this article addresses two key questions about the accuracy of cluster analysis in reproducing a known true cluster model. First, how is the accuracy affected by different ways of measuring interunit similarity; in this case, different ways of using principal components analysis. Second, how is the accuracy affected by the quality of the characteristics data and by different procedures for handling …
Risk-based crime statistics: A forecasting comparison for burglary and auto theft
A Measurement of Technological Change: An Ecological Perspective
Journal Article A Measurement of Technological Change: An Ecological Perspective Get access W. Parker Frisbie, W. Parker Frisbie University of TexasAustin Address correspondence to W. Parker Frisbie, Department of Sociologyv, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lauren J. Krivo, Lauren J. Krivo University of Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Go…
A Structural Decomposition of Black-White Earnings Differentials
This research demonstrates the impact of labor market structure and segmentation on differentials in black and white earnings. This paper argues that there are two very different factors which create black-white earnings differences: (1) differences between blacks and whites within divisions of the labor market, and (2) differences between labor market divisions in earnings combined with the differential distribution of blacks and whites across l…
Economic Dualism: A Critical Review
In this paper we examine the model underlying the dual economy approach to labor market segmentation. We provide a specification of the components of the model as well as the linkages between components. This construction of the underlying model allows us to evaluate it systematically as a model, to consider and to evaluate each component and linkage separately. While we conclude that there are several important contributions to retain from the d…
The Age Structures of Occupations and Jobs
Age segmentation in the labor force can be analyzed in terms of the age distributions of occupations. In this paper we show that the majority of detailed census occupations conform to one of five basic age profiles. Further, these age profiles have meaning as they derive from the operation of well-defined institutional forces. We discuss the relevance of industry for a refined understanding of occupational-age patterns and conclude with some obse…
Circularity in the Dual Economy: Comment on Tolbert, Horan, and Beck
Racial discrimination and the social organization of industries
Defrocking dualism: A new approach to defining industrial sectors
Driving While Black: Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Citizen Self‐reports of Traffic Stops and Police Actions
Are African‐American men, compared with white men, more likely to report being stopped by police for traffic law violations? Are African‐American men and Hispanic drivers less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and less likely to report that police acted properly? This study answers these questions using citizen self‐reports of their traffic stop encounters with the police. Net of other important explanatory variabl…
Housing and wealth inequality: Racial-ethnic differences in home equity in the United States
In our study, we took a first step toward broadening our understanding of the sources of both housing and wealth inequality by studying differences in housing equity among blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Using data from the American Housing Survey, we found substantial and significant gaps in housing equity for blacks and Hispanics (but not for Asians) compared with whites, even after we controlled for a w…
Assessing Alternative Perspectives on Race and Sex Employment Segregation
Four major explanations for employment segregation-skill deficits, worker preferences, economic and organizational structure, and stereotyping/queuing-are assessed using a diverse and overlapping set of predictors: general skills and training, product market structure, race- and sex-typed tasks and conditions, desirable employment and growth rates, and links to other labor market actors. A two-stage measurement and analytic strategy controls for …
Racial differences in household wealth: Beyond Black and White
Cohort Changes in Political Attitudes: Tolerance of Ideological Nonconformity
This analysis of cohort changes in political attitudes reveals that tolerance of ideological nonconformity has been increasing among all cohorts. Aging is not invariably accompanied by greater conservatism, as earlier studies have suggested. Rather, older cohorts are more likely than younger ones to adhere to their earlier, more conservative, attitudes. It is this differential propensity for change that leads to a widening gap between cohort atti…
The Impact of Industrial and Occupational Structure on Black-White Employment Allocation
This research focuses on the factors associated with the differential distribution of black and white men across labor market positions. Hypotheses concerning the effects of industrial and occupational characteristics are derived using an eclectic approach 'which draws heavily on the labor market segmentation literature. Incorporated, as it'ell, are ideas from neoclassical and institutional economics and from the occupational segregation and clas…
Defrocking dualism: A new approach to defining industrial sectors
Race and Ethnic Representations of Lawbreakers and Victims in Crime News: A National Study of Television Coverage
Research on racial-ethnic portrayals in television crime news is limited and questions remain about the sources of representations and how these vary for perpetrators versus victims. We draw from power structure, market share, normal crimes, racial threat, and racial privileging perspectives to further this research. The reported race or ethnicity of violent crime perpetrators and victims are modeled as functions of: (1) situational characteristi…
How low can it go? declining black-white segregation in A multiethnic context
We extend research on whites’ neighborhood contact with blacks, population composition, and prospects for desegregation by developing a new measure of the floor of racial residential segregation under conditions of low black-white contact. The measure incorporates the way in which multi ethnic contexts further constrain levels of black-white segregation. The results show that black-white desegregation is likely when the black population is small,…
A Structural Decomposition of Black-White Earnings Differentials
This research demonstrates the impact of labor market structure and segmentation on differentials in black and white earnings. This paper argues that there are two very different factors which create black-white earnings differences: (1) differences between blacks and whites within divisions of the labor market, and (2) differences between labor market divisions in earnings combined with the differential distribution of blacks and whites across l…
Using Adjusted Crosstabulations to Interpret Log-Linear Relationships
Log-linear analysis was developed as a more powerful technique for the analysis of multivariate tables of categorical variables. It was specifically designed to deal with some of the problems that plagued users of crosstabulations. of the major drawbacks to the traditional crosstabulation approach is the difficulty of controlling for the effects of more than a single other variable. This is often due to small sample sizes within cells of a crosst…
Circularity in the Dual Economy: Comment on Tolbert, Horan, and Beck
Going up the Ladder: Multiplicity Sampling to Create Linked Macro-to-Micro Organizational Samples
We argue that researchers should use representative samples to address many issues and that long-standing interest in the connections between macrolevel and microlevel processes is also central to organizational analysis. Our literature review suggests that designs that link organizations to suborganizational units or members have deficiencies involving atypicalness of cases studied or inadequate and unreliable data on organizations derived from …
Decomposing Longitudinal from Cross-Unit Effects in Panel and Pooled Cross-Sectional Designs
This article proposes a method for analyzing data from panels and pooled cross-sections that can separate the effects of exogenous variables on the endogenous variable into cross-unit and longitudinal components. Monte Carlo results suggest that estimation using estimated generalized least squares is close to theoretical expectations for unbiasedness and reasonably reproduces the expected distribution of confidence intervals for a variety of comb…
The Age Structures of Occupations and Jobs
Age segmentation in the labor force can be analyzed in terms of the age distributions of occupations. In this paper we show that the majority of detailed census occupations conform to one of five basic age profiles. Further, these age profiles have meaning as they derive from the operation of well-defined institutional forces. We discuss the relevance of industry for a refined understanding of occupational-age patterns and conclude with some obse…
Racial discrimination and the social organization of industries
Risk-based crime statistics: A forecasting comparison for burglary and auto theft
Measuring industrial variation in racial discrimination using log-linear models
Estimating Macro-Relationships Using Micro-Data: A One-Stage Approach
Widespread recognition that many sociological processes occur at multiple levels has led researchers to search for valid forms of cross-level modeling such as contextual analysis. In this article, we propose an alternative cross-level method for examining the effects of macro-factors on macro-processes while controlling for processes at a lower-level of aggregation. This method applies existing statistical techniques but in a new fashion. It has …
Variations on a Theme: More Uses of Odds Ratios to Interpret Log-Linear Parameters
This article presents an expository discussion of the use of odds, odds ratios, and functions of odds ratios as an aid to the interpretation of log-linear parameters. While there have been some previous presentations on the use of odds ratios, this method has never been fully and systematically developed for complex situations, nor have the potential problems of interpretation using odds ratios been discussed. The presentation in this article mor…
Measuring the same concepts across diverse organizations
Cohort Changes in Political Attitudes: Tolerance of Ideological Nonconformity
This analysis of cohort changes in political attitudes reveals that tolerance of ideological nonconformity has been increasing among all cohorts. Aging is not invariably accompanied by greater conservatism, as earlier studies have suggested. Rather, older cohorts are more likely than younger ones to adhere to their earlier, more conservative, attitudes. It is this differential propensity for change that leads to a widening gap between cohort atti…
The Solution and Interpretation of Differential Equation Models
Measuring industrial variation in racial discrimination using log-linear models
Circularity in the Dual Economy: Comment on Tolbert, Horan, and Beck
Racial discrimination and the social organization of industries
Defrocking dualism: A new approach to defining industrial sectors
Economic Dualism: A Critical Review
In this paper we examine the model underlying the dual economy approach to labor market segmentation. We provide a specification of the components of the model as well as the linkages between components. This construction of the underlying model allows us to evaluate it systematically as a model, to consider and to evaluate each component and linkage separately. While we conclude that there are several important contributions to retain from the d…
The Age Structures of Occupations and Jobs
Age segmentation in the labor force can be analyzed in terms of the age distributions of occupations. In this paper we show that the majority of detailed census occupations conform to one of five basic age profiles. Further, these age profiles have meaning as they derive from the operation of well-defined institutional forces. We discuss the relevance of industry for a refined understanding of occupational-age patterns and conclude with some obse…
A Structural Decomposition of Black-White Earnings Differentials
This research demonstrates the impact of labor market structure and segmentation on differentials in black and white earnings. This paper argues that there are two very different factors which create black-white earnings differences: (1) differences between blacks and whites within divisions of the labor market, and (2) differences between labor market divisions in earnings combined with the differential distribution of blacks and whites across l…
A Measurement of Technological Change: An Ecological Perspective
Journal Article A Measurement of Technological Change: An Ecological Perspective Get access W. Parker Frisbie, W. Parker Frisbie University of TexasAustin Address correspondence to W. Parker Frisbie, Department of Sociologyv, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lauren J. Krivo, Lauren J. Krivo University of Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Go…
Issues in Multivariate Cluster Analysis: Some Simulation Results
Using a Monte Carlo simulation, the research in this article addresses two key questions about the accuracy of cluster analysis in reproducing a known true cluster model. First, how is the accuracy affected by different ways of measuring interunit similarity; in this case, different ways of using principal components analysis. Second, how is the accuracy affected by the quality of the characteristics data and by different procedures for handling …
Risk-based crime statistics: A forecasting comparison for burglary and auto theft
The Impact of Industrial and Occupational Structure on Black-White Employment Allocation
This research focuses on the factors associated with the differential distribution of black and white men across labor market positions. Hypotheses concerning the effects of industrial and occupational characteristics are derived using an eclectic approach 'which draws heavily on the labor market segmentation literature. Incorporated, as it'ell, are ideas from neoclassical and institutional economics and from the occupational segregation and clas…
Using Adjusted Crosstabulations to Interpret Log-Linear Relationships
Log-linear analysis was developed as a more powerful technique for the analysis of multivariate tables of categorical variables. It was specifically designed to deal with some of the problems that plagued users of crosstabulations. of the major drawbacks to the traditional crosstabulation approach is the difficulty of controlling for the effects of more than a single other variable. This is often due to small sample sizes within cells of a crosst…
Variations on a Theme: More Uses of Odds Ratios to Interpret Log-Linear Parameters
This article presents an expository discussion of the use of odds, odds ratios, and functions of odds ratios as an aid to the interpretation of log-linear parameters. While there have been some previous presentations on the use of odds ratios, this method has never been fully and systematically developed for complex situations, nor have the potential problems of interpretation using odds ratios been discussed. The presentation in this article mor…
Beyond Industrial Dualism: Market and Job Segmentation in the New Economy
Estimating Macro-Relationships Using Micro-Data: A One-Stage Approach
Widespread recognition that many sociological processes occur at multiple levels has led researchers to search for valid forms of cross-level modeling such as contextual analysis. In this article, we propose an alternative cross-level method for examining the effects of macro-factors on macro-processes while controlling for processes at a lower-level of aggregation. This method applies existing statistical techniques but in a new fashion. It has …
Going up the Ladder: Multiplicity Sampling to Create Linked Macro-to-Micro Organizational Samples
We argue that researchers should use representative samples to address many issues and that long-standing interest in the connections between macrolevel and microlevel processes is also central to organizational analysis. Our literature review suggests that designs that link organizations to suborganizational units or members have deficiencies involving atypicalness of cases studied or inadequate and unreliable data on organizations derived from …
Measuring the same concepts across diverse organizations
Decomposing Longitudinal from Cross-Unit Effects in Panel and Pooled Cross-Sectional Designs
This article proposes a method for analyzing data from panels and pooled cross-sections that can separate the effects of exogenous variables on the endogenous variable into cross-unit and longitudinal components. Monte Carlo results suggest that estimation using estimated generalized least squares is close to theoretical expectations for unbiasedness and reasonably reproduces the expected distribution of confidence intervals for a variety of comb…
Reply to “Comments on `Estimating Macro-Relationships Using Micro-Data: A One-Stage Approach' ”
How low can it go? declining black-white segregation in A multiethnic context
We extend research on whites’ neighborhood contact with blacks, population composition, and prospects for desegregation by developing a new measure of the floor of racial residential segregation under conditions of low black-white contact. The measure incorporates the way in which multi ethnic contexts further constrain levels of black-white segregation. The results show that black-white desegregation is likely when the black population is small,…
Assessing Alternative Perspectives on Race and Sex Employment Segregation
Four major explanations for employment segregation-skill deficits, worker preferences, economic and organizational structure, and stereotyping/queuing-are assessed using a diverse and overlapping set of predictors: general skills and training, product market structure, race- and sex-typed tasks and conditions, desirable employment and growth rates, and links to other labor market actors. A two-stage measurement and analytic strategy controls for …
Driving While Black: Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Citizen Self‐reports of Traffic Stops and Police Actions
Are African‐American men, compared with white men, more likely to report being stopped by police for traffic law violations? Are African‐American men and Hispanic drivers less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and less likely to report that police acted properly? This study answers these questions using citizen self‐reports of their traffic stop encounters with the police. Net of other important explanatory variabl…
Housing and wealth inequality: Racial-ethnic differences in home equity in the United States
In our study, we took a first step toward broadening our understanding of the sources of both housing and wealth inequality by studying differences in housing equity among blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Using data from the American Housing Survey, we found substantial and significant gaps in housing equity for blacks and Hispanics (but not for Asians) compared with whites, even after we controlled for a w…
Economics (16 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Mathematics (12 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Demographic economics (8 works) · Econometrics (8 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (7 works) · Labour economics (7 works) · Political science (7 works)