Dan Jurafsky
Biographic Data
| ID | 198386 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dan Jurafsky |
| GIVEN NAMES | Dan |
| FAMILY NAME | Jurafsky |
| SIGNATURE | JURAFSKY D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6459-7745 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 46 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Racial Disparities in the Discretionary Context of Traffic Stops: How Organizational Practices Shape Institutional Interactions
Traffic stops are common and consequential for citizens’ legal socialization and for racial gaps in police‐community trust. Efforts to change the tenor of police interactions, however, may discount the discretionary context of stops—the degree of choice in the decision to stop a driver—and how organizations influence those circumstances. Discretionary stops entail more choice and thus create more ambiguity for the driver regarding the officer's i…
Coming into relations: How communication reveals and persuades relational decisions
Language in popular American culture constructs the meaning of healthy and unhealthy eating: Narratives of craveability, excitement, and social connection in movies, television, social media, recipes,…
Concord begets concord: A Bayesian model of nominal concord typology
Nominal concord is a phenomenon whereby nominal modifiers (e.g., adjectives, demonstratives, numerals) agree with their nominals along various dimensions (e.g., gender, number, case, definiteness). Here, drawing on a rich and typologically diverse database of nominal concord (Norris 2020), we build a Bayesian mixed effect model of nominal concord. Specifically, we consider two competing hypotheses regarding the statistical relationship between di…
The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police
How do routine police encounters build or undermine community trust, and how might they contribute to racial gaps in citizen perceptions of the police? Procedural justice theory posits that officers' interpersonal communication toward the public plays a formative role, but experimental tests of this hypothesis have been constrained by the difficulties of measuring and manipulating this dimension of officer-citizen interactions. Officer-worn body …
Racial disparities in automated speech recognition
Automated speech recognition (ASR) systems, which use sophisticated machine-learning algorithms to convert spoken language to text, have become increasingly widespread, powering popular virtual assistants, facilitating automated closed captioning, and enabling digital dictation platforms for health care. Over the last several years, the quality of these systems has dramatically improved, due both to advances in deep learning and to the collection…
The Diversity–Innovation Paradox in Science
Significance By analyzing data from nearly all US PhD recipients and their dissertations across three decades, this paper finds demographically underrepresented students innovate at higher rates than majority students, but their novel contributions are discounted and less likely to earn them academic positions. The discounting of minorities’ innovations may partly explain their underrepresentation in influential positions of academia.
Systematicity in the semantics of noun compounds: The role of artifacts vs. natural kinds
The nature of the relationship between the head and modifier in English noun compounds has long posed a challenge to semantic theories. We argue that the type of head-modifier relation in an English endocentric noun-headed compound depends on how its referent is categorized: specifically, on whether the referent is conceptualized as an artifact , made by humans for a purpose; or as a natural kind , existing independently of humans. We propose the…
Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes
Significance Word embeddings are a popular machine-learning method that represents each English word by a vector, such that the geometry between these vectors captures semantic relations between the corresponding words. We demonstrate that word embeddings can be used as a powerful tool to quantify historical trends and social change. As specific applications, we develop metrics based on word embeddings to characterize how gender stereotypes and a…
Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect
Significance Police officers speak significantly less respectfully to black than to white community members in everyday traffic stops, even after controlling for officer race, infraction severity, stop location, and stop outcome. This paper presents a systematic analysis of officer body-worn camera footage, using computational linguistic techniques to automatically measure the respect level that officers display to community members. This work de…
Community Identity and User Engagement in a Multi-Community Landscape
A community's identity defines and shapes its internal dynamics. Our current understanding of this interplay is mostly limited to glimpses gathered from isolated studies of individual communities. In this work we provide a systematic exploration of the nature of this relation across a wide variety of online communities. To this end we introduce a quantitative, language-based typology reflecting two key aspects of a community's identity: how disti…
Linguistic Markers of Status in Food Culture: Bourdieu’s Distinction in a Menu Corpus
Beginnings are always hard to trace. They tend to belong more to the realm of myth, as Tristram Shandy well knew. At what point did it become necessary, in the sense of unavoidable, to use computation to study culture? Was it a certain polemic, new kinds of data (Google Books, Project Gutenberg), the rise of analytical techniques (natural language processing, machine learning), technologies such as the internet or social media, or simply that pow…
Cans and cants: Computational potentials for multimodality with a case study in head position
As the study of embodiment and multimodality in interaction grows in importance, there is a need for novel methodological approaches to understand how multimodal variables pattern together along social and contextual lines, and how they systematically coalesce in communicative meanings. In this work, we propose to adopt computational tools to generate replicable annotations of bodily variables: these can be examined statistically to understand th…
Narrative framing of consumer sentiment in online restaurant reviews
The vast increase in online expressions of consumer sentiment offers a powerful new tool for studying consumer attitudes. To explore the narratives that consumers use to frame positive and negative sentiment online, we computationally investigate linguistic structure in 900,000 online restaurant reviews. Negative reviews, especially in expensive restaurants, were more likely to use features previously associated with narratives of trauma: negativ…
Charles J. Fillmore
Charles J. Fillmore died at his home in San Francisco on February 13, 2014, of brain cancer. He was 84 years old. Fillmore was one of the world's pre-eminent scholars of lexical meaning and its relationship with context, grammar, corpora, and computation, and his work had an enormous impact on computational linguistics. His early theoretical work in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s on case grammar and then frame semantics significantly influenced comp…
Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules
We propose a new deterministic approach to coreference resolution that combines the global information and precise features of modern machine-learning models with the transparency and modularity of deterministic, rule-based systems. Our sieve architecture applies a battery of deterministic coreference models one at a time from highest to lowest precision, where each model builds on the previous model's cluster output. The two stages of our sieve-…
Making the Connection: Social Bonding in Courtship Situations
Sociologists have long argued that the force of a social bond resides in a sense of interpersonal connection. This is especially true for initial courtship encounters when pairs report a sense of interpersonal chemistry. The authors explore the process of romantic bonding by applying interaction ritual theory, extended and integrated with methods from computational linguistics, to the study of courtship encounters and, specifically, heterosexual …
Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English
The effect of lexical frequency and Lombard reflex on tone hyperarticulation
Speech and Language Processing: International Edition
Universals in the Semantics of the Diminutive
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Semantic Typology and Semantic Universals (1993)
On the semantics of cantonese changed tone or women, matches, and chinese broccoli
Making the Connection: Social Bonding in Courtship Situations
Sociologists have long argued that the force of a social bond resides in a sense of interpersonal connection. This is especially true for initial courtship encounters when pairs report a sense of interpersonal chemistry. The authors explore the process of romantic bonding by applying interaction ritual theory, extended and integrated with methods from computational linguistics, to the study of courtship encounters and, specifically, heterosexual …
The effect of lexical frequency and Lombard reflex on tone hyperarticulation
The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police
How do routine police encounters build or undermine community trust, and how might they contribute to racial gaps in citizen perceptions of the police? Procedural justice theory posits that officers' interpersonal communication toward the public plays a formative role, but experimental tests of this hypothesis have been constrained by the difficulties of measuring and manipulating this dimension of officer-citizen interactions. Officer-worn body …
Cans and cants: Computational potentials for multimodality with a case study in head position
As the study of embodiment and multimodality in interaction grows in importance, there is a need for novel methodological approaches to understand how multimodal variables pattern together along social and contextual lines, and how they systematically coalesce in communicative meanings. In this work, we propose to adopt computational tools to generate replicable annotations of bodily variables: these can be examined statistically to understand th…
Community Identity and User Engagement in a Multi-Community Landscape
A community's identity defines and shapes its internal dynamics. Our current understanding of this interplay is mostly limited to glimpses gathered from isolated studies of individual communities. In this work we provide a systematic exploration of the nature of this relation across a wide variety of online communities. To this end we introduce a quantitative, language-based typology reflecting two key aspects of a community's identity: how disti…
Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules
We propose a new deterministic approach to coreference resolution that combines the global information and precise features of modern machine-learning models with the transparency and modularity of deterministic, rule-based systems. Our sieve architecture applies a battery of deterministic coreference models one at a time from highest to lowest precision, where each model builds on the previous model's cluster output. The two stages of our sieve-…
Coming into relations: How communication reveals and persuades relational decisions
Racial Disparities in the Discretionary Context of Traffic Stops: How Organizational Practices Shape Institutional Interactions
Traffic stops are common and consequential for citizens’ legal socialization and for racial gaps in police‐community trust. Efforts to change the tenor of police interactions, however, may discount the discretionary context of stops—the degree of choice in the decision to stop a driver—and how organizations influence those circumstances. Discretionary stops entail more choice and thus create more ambiguity for the driver regarding the officer's i…
On the semantics of cantonese changed tone or women, matches, and chinese broccoli
Universals in the Semantics of the Diminutive
Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Semantic Typology and Semantic Universals (1993)
Speech and Language Processing: International Edition
Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English
The effect of lexical frequency and Lombard reflex on tone hyperarticulation
Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules
We propose a new deterministic approach to coreference resolution that combines the global information and precise features of modern machine-learning models with the transparency and modularity of deterministic, rule-based systems. Our sieve architecture applies a battery of deterministic coreference models one at a time from highest to lowest precision, where each model builds on the previous model's cluster output. The two stages of our sieve-…
Making the Connection: Social Bonding in Courtship Situations
Sociologists have long argued that the force of a social bond resides in a sense of interpersonal connection. This is especially true for initial courtship encounters when pairs report a sense of interpersonal chemistry. The authors explore the process of romantic bonding by applying interaction ritual theory, extended and integrated with methods from computational linguistics, to the study of courtship encounters and, specifically, heterosexual …
Narrative framing of consumer sentiment in online restaurant reviews
The vast increase in online expressions of consumer sentiment offers a powerful new tool for studying consumer attitudes. To explore the narratives that consumers use to frame positive and negative sentiment online, we computationally investigate linguistic structure in 900,000 online restaurant reviews. Negative reviews, especially in expensive restaurants, were more likely to use features previously associated with narratives of trauma: negativ…
Charles J. Fillmore
Charles J. Fillmore died at his home in San Francisco on February 13, 2014, of brain cancer. He was 84 years old. Fillmore was one of the world's pre-eminent scholars of lexical meaning and its relationship with context, grammar, corpora, and computation, and his work had an enormous impact on computational linguistics. His early theoretical work in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s on case grammar and then frame semantics significantly influenced comp…
Linguistic Markers of Status in Food Culture: Bourdieu’s Distinction in a Menu Corpus
Beginnings are always hard to trace. They tend to belong more to the realm of myth, as Tristram Shandy well knew. At what point did it become necessary, in the sense of unavoidable, to use computation to study culture? Was it a certain polemic, new kinds of data (Google Books, Project Gutenberg), the rise of analytical techniques (natural language processing, machine learning), technologies such as the internet or social media, or simply that pow…
Cans and cants: Computational potentials for multimodality with a case study in head position
As the study of embodiment and multimodality in interaction grows in importance, there is a need for novel methodological approaches to understand how multimodal variables pattern together along social and contextual lines, and how they systematically coalesce in communicative meanings. In this work, we propose to adopt computational tools to generate replicable annotations of bodily variables: these can be examined statistically to understand th…
Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect
Significance Police officers speak significantly less respectfully to black than to white community members in everyday traffic stops, even after controlling for officer race, infraction severity, stop location, and stop outcome. This paper presents a systematic analysis of officer body-worn camera footage, using computational linguistic techniques to automatically measure the respect level that officers display to community members. This work de…
Community Identity and User Engagement in a Multi-Community Landscape
A community's identity defines and shapes its internal dynamics. Our current understanding of this interplay is mostly limited to glimpses gathered from isolated studies of individual communities. In this work we provide a systematic exploration of the nature of this relation across a wide variety of online communities. To this end we introduce a quantitative, language-based typology reflecting two key aspects of a community's identity: how disti…
Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes
Significance Word embeddings are a popular machine-learning method that represents each English word by a vector, such that the geometry between these vectors captures semantic relations between the corresponding words. We demonstrate that word embeddings can be used as a powerful tool to quantify historical trends and social change. As specific applications, we develop metrics based on word embeddings to characterize how gender stereotypes and a…
Systematicity in the semantics of noun compounds: The role of artifacts vs. natural kinds
The nature of the relationship between the head and modifier in English noun compounds has long posed a challenge to semantic theories. We argue that the type of head-modifier relation in an English endocentric noun-headed compound depends on how its referent is categorized: specifically, on whether the referent is conceptualized as an artifact , made by humans for a purpose; or as a natural kind , existing independently of humans. We propose the…
Racial disparities in automated speech recognition
Automated speech recognition (ASR) systems, which use sophisticated machine-learning algorithms to convert spoken language to text, have become increasingly widespread, powering popular virtual assistants, facilitating automated closed captioning, and enabling digital dictation platforms for health care. Over the last several years, the quality of these systems has dramatically improved, due both to advances in deep learning and to the collection…
The Diversity–Innovation Paradox in Science
Significance By analyzing data from nearly all US PhD recipients and their dissertations across three decades, this paper finds demographically underrepresented students innovate at higher rates than majority students, but their novel contributions are discounted and less likely to earn them academic positions. The discounting of minorities’ innovations may partly explain their underrepresentation in influential positions of academia.
Concord begets concord: A Bayesian model of nominal concord typology
Nominal concord is a phenomenon whereby nominal modifiers (e.g., adjectives, demonstratives, numerals) agree with their nominals along various dimensions (e.g., gender, number, case, definiteness). Here, drawing on a rich and typologically diverse database of nominal concord (Norris 2020), we build a Bayesian mixed effect model of nominal concord. Specifically, we consider two competing hypotheses regarding the statistical relationship between di…
The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police
How do routine police encounters build or undermine community trust, and how might they contribute to racial gaps in citizen perceptions of the police? Procedural justice theory posits that officers' interpersonal communication toward the public plays a formative role, but experimental tests of this hypothesis have been constrained by the difficulties of measuring and manipulating this dimension of officer-citizen interactions. Officer-worn body …
Language in popular American culture constructs the meaning of healthy and unhealthy eating: Narratives of craveability, excitement, and social connection in movies, television, social media, recipes,…
Coming into relations: How communication reveals and persuades relational decisions
Racial Disparities in the Discretionary Context of Traffic Stops: How Organizational Practices Shape Institutional Interactions
Traffic stops are common and consequential for citizens’ legal socialization and for racial gaps in police‐community trust. Efforts to change the tenor of police interactions, however, may discount the discretionary context of stops—the degree of choice in the decision to stop a driver—and how organizations influence those circumstances. Discretionary stops entail more choice and thus create more ambiguity for the driver regarding the officer's i…
Computer Science (15 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Linguistics (12 works) · Mathematics (7 works) · Philosophy (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Speech recognition (5 works) · Anthropology (4 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works)