William S Kremen
Biographic Data
| ID | 198442 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William S Kremen |
| GIVEN NAMES | William S |
| FAMILY NAME | Kremen |
| SIGNATURE | KREMEN W S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8629-5609 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 7 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 15 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Neighborhood disadvantage and cognitive function in older adults
Neighborhood disadvantage in later life is associated with poorer cognition and increased vulnerability to dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR), an individual's total cognitive resources, may foster cognitive resilience against dementia in the face of neighborhood disadvantage. However, whether the neighborhood disadvantage-cognition association varies across older adults remains understudied and its moderators remain underexplored. We examined assoc…
Cortical Surface Area Profile Mediates Effects of Childhood Disadvantage on Later-Life General Cognitive Ability
Childhood disadvantage may contribute to later-life GCA differences partly by influencing the spatial patterning of cortical SA in a way that deviates from the normative cortical organizational principle
Age and Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Measures of Subjective Health
The predictive value of SH has been amply demonstrated. The higher genetic contributions to associations between SH and its components in older adults support the increasing conceptualization with age of SH as an intuitive summation of one's vital reserve
Whitepaper
Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age‐ and disease‐related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion reg…
Predicting Health-Related Quality of Life in Trauma-Exposed Male Veterans in Late Midlife
Trauma-exposed adults with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) report poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but less is known about the persistence of this relationship over time. Participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging reported on PTSS, health, and sociodemographic characteristics at average age 38; 775 participants reported having been exposed to trauma. Later, at average ages 56 and 62, mental and physica…
Common genetic influences on impulsivity facets are related to goal management, psychopathology, and personality
Attained SES as a moderator of adult cognitive performance
We examined whether attained socioeconomic status (SES) moderated genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in cognitive performance using pooled data from 9 adult twin studies. Prior work concerning SES moderation of cognitive performance has focused on rearing SES. The current adult sample of 12,196 individuals (aged 27-98 years) allowed for the examination of common sources of individual differences between attained SES and c…
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Genetic Vulnerability and Phenotypic Expression of Depression and Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
OBJECTIVE: To determine if depression contributes to incident heart disease after accounting for genetic, behavioral, and medical factors associated with both conditions. METHODS: We used a prospective twin study with a 12-year follow-up. In 1992, lifetime diagnosis of depression was assessed in 1159 male-male twins and merged with longitudinal health data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry Study of Aging. Incident heart disease was defined as ha…
Storage and Executive Components of Working Memory
We combined experimental cognitive and behavior genetic methods to investigate storage and executive components of working memory in 663 middle-aged male twins. A single latent factor model indicated that digits forward (storage) and two-digit transformation (executive + storage) scores were influenced by the same genes. Additional executive demands in digit transformation appeared to increase the variance of individual genetic differences from 2…
Genetic transmission of major affective disorders
We comprehensively reviewed 2 types of studies aimed at specifying the mode of inheritance of major affective disorders: quantitative models and linkage analyses. Quantitative models attempt to represent the genetic mechanism responsible for the familial distribution of a disorder. Despite efforts to refine models by incorporating the bipolar-unipolar distinction or the sex effect, consistent support for a specific mode of transmission has not be…
Genetic transmission of major affective disorders
Attained SES as a moderator of adult cognitive performance
We examined whether attained socioeconomic status (SES) moderated genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in cognitive performance using pooled data from 9 adult twin studies. Prior work concerning SES moderation of cognitive performance has focused on rearing SES. The current adult sample of 12,196 individuals (aged 27-98 years) allowed for the examination of common sources of individual differences between attained SES and c…
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Genetic transmission of major affective disorders
We comprehensively reviewed 2 types of studies aimed at specifying the mode of inheritance of major affective disorders: quantitative models and linkage analyses. Quantitative models attempt to represent the genetic mechanism responsible for the familial distribution of a disorder. Despite efforts to refine models by incorporating the bipolar-unipolar distinction or the sex effect, consistent support for a specific mode of transmission has not be…
Genetic transmission of major affective disorders
Storage and Executive Components of Working Memory
We combined experimental cognitive and behavior genetic methods to investigate storage and executive components of working memory in 663 middle-aged male twins. A single latent factor model indicated that digits forward (storage) and two-digit transformation (executive + storage) scores were influenced by the same genes. Additional executive demands in digit transformation appeared to increase the variance of individual genetic differences from 2…
Genetic Vulnerability and Phenotypic Expression of Depression and Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
OBJECTIVE: To determine if depression contributes to incident heart disease after accounting for genetic, behavioral, and medical factors associated with both conditions. METHODS: We used a prospective twin study with a 12-year follow-up. In 1992, lifetime diagnosis of depression was assessed in 1159 male-male twins and merged with longitudinal health data from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry Study of Aging. Incident heart disease was defined as ha…
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men
There is growing evidence that pet ownership and human-animal interaction (HAI) have benefits for human physical and psychological well-being. However, there may be pre-existing characteristics related to patterns of pet ownership and interactions with pets that could potentially bias results of research on HAI. The present study uses a behavioral genetic design to estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to indiv…
Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later
BACKGROUND: Poor pulmonary function is associated with mortality and age-related diseases, and can affect cognitive performance. However, extant longitudinal studies indicate that early cognitive ability also affects later pulmonary function. Despite the multifaceted nature of pulmonary function, most longitudinal studies were limited to a single index of pulmonary function: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this study, we examined wheth…
Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet
A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The …
Attained SES as a moderator of adult cognitive performance
We examined whether attained socioeconomic status (SES) moderated genetic and environmental sources of individual differences in cognitive performance using pooled data from 9 adult twin studies. Prior work concerning SES moderation of cognitive performance has focused on rearing SES. The current adult sample of 12,196 individuals (aged 27-98 years) allowed for the examination of common sources of individual differences between attained SES and c…
Common genetic influences on impulsivity facets are related to goal management, psychopathology, and personality
Whitepaper
Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for “resilience” against age‐ and disease‐related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion reg…
Predicting Health-Related Quality of Life in Trauma-Exposed Male Veterans in Late Midlife
Trauma-exposed adults with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) report poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but less is known about the persistence of this relationship over time. Participants from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging reported on PTSS, health, and sociodemographic characteristics at average age 38; 775 participants reported having been exposed to trauma. Later, at average ages 56 and 62, mental and physica…
Cortical Surface Area Profile Mediates Effects of Childhood Disadvantage on Later-Life General Cognitive Ability
Childhood disadvantage may contribute to later-life GCA differences partly by influencing the spatial patterning of cortical SA in a way that deviates from the normative cortical organizational principle
Age and Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Measures of Subjective Health
The predictive value of SH has been amply demonstrated. The higher genetic contributions to associations between SH and its components in older adults support the increasing conceptualization with age of SH as an intuitive summation of one's vital reserve
Neighborhood disadvantage and cognitive function in older adults
Neighborhood disadvantage in later life is associated with poorer cognition and increased vulnerability to dementia. Cognitive reserve (CR), an individual's total cognitive resources, may foster cognitive resilience against dementia in the face of neighborhood disadvantage. However, whether the neighborhood disadvantage-cognition association varies across older adults remains understudied and its moderators remain underexplored. We examined assoc…
Psychology (13 works) · Cognition (8 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Biology (7 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Demography (4 works) · Genetics (4 works) · Genetics (4 works)