Ludovic Orlando
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 198585 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ludovic Orlando |
| PRENOMES | Ludovic |
| SOBRENOME | Orlando |
| ASSINATURA | ORLANDO L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3936-1850 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 108 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
No genetic evidence yet for hinnies at Mazongshan (400-160 BCE), northwestern China
In their recent study entitled “Ancient DNA reveals the co-existence of domestic horses, donkeys and their hybrids in the prehistorical northwestern China”, Li and colleagues (2026) report the genetic identification of three horses, three donkeys and four first-generation hinny hybrids dating to 400–160 BCE from the Mazongshan jade mining site in northwestern China. While a re-analysis of their ancient DNA sequence data confirms the horse and don…
Genomic insights into the ritual murder site Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux in Neolithic southern France
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The oldest mule in the western Mediterranean. The case of the Early Iron Age in Hort d’en Grimau (Penedès, Barcelona, Spain)
Genetic and radiocarbon analyses confirm the Hort d'en Grimau mule as the oldest hybrid in the western Mediterranean and continental Europe. • Dated between the mid-8th and mid-6th century BCE. • The mule skeleton was found in a silo alongside the skeletal remains of a woman. This indicates a close relationship between equines and humans. • Pathological bone alterations and isotopic results suggest that the animal may have been used for riding an…
Straight from the Horse’s Mouth
High altitude horse use and early horse transport in eastern Eurasia
While few places on earth have been as deeply impacted by the human-horse relationship as the steppes of Mongolia and eastern Eurasia, gaps in the archaeological record have made it strikingly difficult to trace when and how the first domestic horses were integrated into ancient societies in this key region of the world. Recently, organic materials preserved in melting mountain ice have emerged as a key source of archaeological insight into the r…
The origins of saddles and riding technology in East Asia
Innovations in horse equipment during the early Middle Ages provided advantages to societies from the steppes, reshaping the social landscape of Eurasia. Comparatively little is known about the precise origin of these crucial advances, although the available evidence points to early adoption in East Asia. The authors present new archaeological discoveries from western and northern Mongolia, dating to the fourth and fifth centuries AD, including a…
Ginnerup Revisited. New Excavations at a Key Neolithic Site on Djursland, Denmark
New excavations of an enclosure-related site at Ginnerup on Djursland, Denmark, in 2020 resulted in the identification of several features containing depositions of marine shells. One of these, A4, is a natural depression with a fill comprised of four consecutively deposited layers, forming an undisturbed stratigraphy, dated by several 14C dates to between c. 3150 and 2950 BC. The oldest layer contained finds from phase MN A Ib of the Funnel Beak…
Occupation of highland Central Asia
Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France
Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to ~45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report …
Sex in the city
Ancient DNA refines taxonomic classification of Roman equids north of the Alps, elaborated with osteomorphology and geometric morphometrics
Hybrids of horse and donkey, which have been valued in the Mediterranean basin since the Iron Age, became integrated into the animal world north of the Alps in the course of Romanization. Until now, however, their true contribution to the economic and military life in the northern Roman provinces Raetia, Noricum and Upper Pannonia (southern Germany, eastern Switzerland and Austria) has remained unknown in the absence of robust identification meth…
The geographic, temporal and genetic foundation of modern domestic horses
Horse domestication fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, who, when and where the horse was first domesticated, and offered new ways to make war and to travel faster than we ever could, remain highly contentious. This is especially true now that the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia ~3,500 BCE (Before Common Era), has sho…
La Maladrerie Saint-Lazare de Beauvais (Oise, France)
Les épidémies font partie intégrante de l’Histoire des hommes. Elles les ont contraints à instaurer des mesures sociétales d’isolement afin de limiter la contagion. La maladrerie Saint-Lazare, implantée en périphérie de Beauvais, en est un exemple. Fondée au tournant des XIe-XIIe siècles, c’est une institution à double vocation, caritative et hospitalière, qui accueille alors des lépreux. Au XVIIe siècle, un nouvel espace est construit, hors de l…
Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period
Donkeys, horses and their mule hybrids have had a far-reaching impact on human history since they have been domesticated several millennia ago. These animals have indeed provided many economic, social and cultural resources that fueled both agricultural and economic development, war making and cultural exchange. Gaining a full understanding of the respective contributions of the different equine species to past societies remains, however, difficu…
Improving wet-laboratory procedures toward ancient epigenome characterization and ancient pathogens detection
In the past decade, palaeogenomic approaches have shed new light on human history, and helped resolve long-lasting debates on large-scale migrations and population admixture. Beyond giving access to the human genome itself, the analysis of ancient high-throughput sequencing data can also reveal the presence of ancient pathogens and provide crucial epigenetic information about past individuals. Our recent publications have underlined the strong me…
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 . Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia 5 and Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic,…
Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period
Alongside horses, donkeys and their first-generation hybrids represent members of the Equidae family known for their social, economic and symbolic importance in protohistoric and historical France. However, their relative importance and their respective roles in different regions and time periods are difficult to assess based on textual, iconographic and archaeological evidence. This is both due to incomplete, partial and scattered historical sou…
Assessing the predictive taxonomic power of the bony labyrinth 3D shape in horses, donkeys and their F1-hybrids
Horses and donkeys have had a far-reaching impact on human history, providing mechanical power for agriculture and transportation. Their F1-hybrids, especially mules, have also been of considerable importance due to their exceptional strength, endurance and resistance. The reconstruction of the respective role that horses, donkeys and mules played in past societies requires prior identification of their osseous elements in archaeological assembla…
Hétérogénéité des ascendances mésolithiques et steppiques dans des génomes d'individus du Néolithique et du Campaniforme du territoire français
Les transitions archéologiques se caractérisent notamment par d’importants changements démographiques et sociétaux, qui peuvent avoir des répercussions à l’échelle du génome des individus. Ainsi, la transition du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze s’est accompagnée de contributions génomiques massives d’éleveurs originaires des steppes pontico-caspiennes aux populations locales, ces dernières résultant d’interactions complexes entre chasseurs-cueilleu…
Evidence for early dispersal of domestic sheep into Central Asia
Evosheep
Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Lehi Horse
Although recognized as one of the most significant cultural transformations in North America, the reintroduction of the horse to the continent after AD 1492 has been rarely addressed by archaeological science. A key contributing factor behind this limited study is the apparent absence of equine skeletal remains from early historic archaeological contexts. Here, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a horse skeleton recovered in Lehi, Utah, o…
Population genomics of the Viking world
Horse males became over-represented in archaeological assemblages during the Bronze Age
The mules that are not mules - metrics, morphology, archaeogenomics and mtDNA d-loop diversity in equids from Roman Switzerland
Mules (Equus asinus x Equus caballus) represent first-generation hybrids between a female horse (mare) and a male donkey (jack). They are generally considered to have first appeared north of the Alps with Roman influence, a time period in which written and iconographic sources support their key role for transport and traction, both in farming and the military. The archaeozoological evidence for mules is, however, contentious as faunal assemblages…
Zonkey
First evidence of Equus asinus L. in the Chalcolithic disputes the Phoenicians as the first to introduce donkeys into the Iberian Peninsula
Sexing Viking Age horses from burial and non-burial sites in Iceland using ancient DNA
Horses are the most common grave goods found in Icelandic Viking Age graves. Horse skeletons have previously been sexed based on pelvis shape and the presence of canine teeth in male horses over 4–5 years of age. Morphological data has shown that all horses from Icelandic burials that were amenable to sexing were male. Yet the use of morphological methods to determine sex is problematic since they rely on finding a well-preserved pelvis and/or ro…
Population Demography and Genetic Diversity in the Pleistocene Cave Lion
With a range that covered most of northern Eurasia and parts of North America, the cave lion (Panthera spelaea) was one of the most widespread carnivores of the Late Pleistocene. Earlier ancient DNA analyses have shown that it is distinct from modern lions, and have suggested a demographic decline in Beringia during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Here, we further investigate the Late Pleistocene population dynamics in more detail by combining a …
Evidence for early dispersal of domestic sheep into Central Asia
Horse males became over-represented in archaeological assemblages during the Bronze Age
The mules that are not mules - metrics, morphology, archaeogenomics and mtDNA d-loop diversity in equids from Roman Switzerland
Mules (Equus asinus x Equus caballus) represent first-generation hybrids between a female horse (mare) and a male donkey (jack). They are generally considered to have first appeared north of the Alps with Roman influence, a time period in which written and iconographic sources support their key role for transport and traction, both in farming and the military. The archaeozoological evidence for mules is, however, contentious as faunal assemblages…
Assessing the predictive taxonomic power of the bony labyrinth 3D shape in horses, donkeys and their F1-hybrids
Horses and donkeys have had a far-reaching impact on human history, providing mechanical power for agriculture and transportation. Their F1-hybrids, especially mules, have also been of considerable importance due to their exceptional strength, endurance and resistance. The reconstruction of the respective role that horses, donkeys and mules played in past societies requires prior identification of their osseous elements in archaeological assembla…
Straight from the Horse’s Mouth
Major transitions in human evolution revisited
Ancient DNA refines taxonomic classification of Roman equids north of the Alps, elaborated with osteomorphology and geometric morphometrics
Hybrids of horse and donkey, which have been valued in the Mediterranean basin since the Iron Age, became integrated into the animal world north of the Alps in the course of Romanization. Until now, however, their true contribution to the economic and military life in the northern Roman provinces Raetia, Noricum and Upper Pannonia (southern Germany, eastern Switzerland and Austria) has remained unknown in the absence of robust identification meth…
Occupation of highland Central Asia
Sex in the city
Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period
Alongside horses, donkeys and their first-generation hybrids represent members of the Equidae family known for their social, economic and symbolic importance in protohistoric and historical France. However, their relative importance and their respective roles in different regions and time periods are difficult to assess based on textual, iconographic and archaeological evidence. This is both due to incomplete, partial and scattered historical sou…
Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Lehi Horse
Although recognized as one of the most significant cultural transformations in North America, the reintroduction of the horse to the continent after AD 1492 has been rarely addressed by archaeological science. A key contributing factor behind this limited study is the apparent absence of equine skeletal remains from early historic archaeological contexts. Here, we present a multidisciplinary analysis of a horse skeleton recovered in Lehi, Utah, o…
Investigating ancient animal economies and exchange in Kyrgyzstan's Alay Valley
Ancient DNA and human evolution
Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia
Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo
We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% hav…
Twelve Years of Neandertal Genetic Discoveries
Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans
An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia
Whole-genome data indicate that early modern humans expanded into Australia 62,000 to 75,000 years ago.
Palaeogenomics and true single molecule sequencing
MapDamage2.0
Motivation: Ancient DNA (aDNA) molecules in fossilized bones and teeth, coprolites, sediments, mummified specimens and museum collections represent fantastic sources of information for evolutionary biologists, revealing the agents of past epidemics and the dynamics of past populations. However, the analysis of aDNA generally faces two major issues. Firstly, sequences consist of a mixture of endogenous and various exogenous backgrounds, mostly mic…
First evidence of Equus asinus L. in the Chalcolithic disputes the Phoenicians as the first to introduce donkeys into the Iberian Peninsula
The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana
The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
Arctic genetics comes in from the cold Despite a well-characterized archaeological record, the genetics of the people who inhabit the Arctic have been unexplored. Raghavan et al. sequenced ancient and modern genomes of individuals from the North American Arctic (see the Perspective by Park). Analyses of these genomes indicate that the Arctic was colonized 6000 years ago by a migration separate from the one that gave rise to other Native American …
Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago
The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. How and when it originated remains contentious. Here, we report the oldest direct evidence of Yersinia pestis identified by ancient DNA in human teeth from Asia and Europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. By sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known Yersinia p…
The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man
Kennewick Man, a 8,500-year-old male human skeleton discovered in Washington state, USA, has been the subject of scientific and legal controversy; here a DNA analysis shows that Kennewick Man is closer to modern Native Americans than to any other extant population worldwide. Kennewick Man is a 9,000-year-old male human skeleton discovered in Washington state, USA in 1996. The population affinities of the remains have been the subject of scientifi…
Amplification of TruSeq ancient DNA libraries with AccuPrime Pfx
Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have enabled the reconstruction of complete genome sequence and nucleosome and methylation maps from ancient individuals. A diversity of degradation reactions affect DNA molecules after an organism dies, introducing specific nucleotide misincorporation patterns in HTS data that are typically exploited to distinguish modern contaminants and authentic DNA templates. In this study,…
Population Demography and Genetic Diversity in the Pleistocene Cave Lion
With a range that covered most of northern Eurasia and parts of North America, the cave lion (Panthera spelaea) was one of the most widespread carnivores of the Late Pleistocene. Earlier ancient DNA analyses have shown that it is distinct from modern lions, and have suggested a demographic decline in Beringia during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Here, we further investigate the Late Pleistocene population dynamics in more detail by combining a …
Ancient DNA and human evolution
Major transitions in human evolution revisited
Postglacial viability and colonization in North America’s ice-free corridor
During the Last Glacial Maximum, continental ice sheets isolated Beringia (northeast Siberia and northwest North America) from unglaciated North America. By around 15 to 14 thousand calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal. kyr bp), glacial retreat opened an approximately 1,500-km-long corridor between the ice sheets. It remains unclear when plants and animals colonized this corridor and it became biologically viable for human migration. …
AdapterRemoval v2
BACKGROUND: As high-throughput sequencing platforms produce longer and longer reads, sequences generated from short inserts, such as those obtained from fossil and degraded material, are increasingly expected to contain adapter sequences. Efficient adapter trimming algorithms are also needed to process the growing amount of data generated per sequencing run. FINDINGS: We introduce AdapterRemoval v2, a major revision of AdapterRemoval v1, which in…
Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers
How early human groups were organized Sequencing ancient hominid remains has provided insights into the relatedness between individuals. However, it is not clear whether ancient humans bred among close relatives, as is common in some modern human cultures. Sikora et al. report genome sequences from four early humans buried close together in western Russia about 34,000 years ago (see the Perspective by Bergström and Tyler-Smith). The individuals c…
Zonkey
Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans
The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia
Ancient migrations in Southeast Asia The past movements and peopling of Southeast Asia have been poorly represented in ancient DNA studies (see the Perspective by Bellwood). Lipson et al. generated sequences from people inhabiting Southeast Asia from about 1700 to 4100 years ago. Screening of more than a hundred individuals from five sites yielded ancient DNA from 18 individuals. Comparisons with present-day populations suggest two waves of mixin…
Ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
Geography (40 obras) · Biology (34 obras) · Archaeology (33 obras) · Ancient DNA (21 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (21 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (20 obras) · Demography (18 obras) · Population (18 obras) · History (16 obras) · Evolutionary biology (13 obras)