Noli Brazil
Biographic Data
| ID | 198617 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Noli Brazil |
| GIVEN NAMES | Noli |
| FAMILY NAME | Brazil |
| SIGNATURE | BRAZIL N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Davis |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3029-5236 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 95 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
The Early Childhood Care and Education Landscape in Ascending Neighborhoods
This paper descriptively documents the early childhood care and education (ECE) landscape in neighborhoods that experienced socioeconomic (SES) ascent and descent in the Chicago Metropolitan Area (MSA) between 2009 and 2019. Using data from the Illinois Early Childhood Asset Map and the American Community Survey, we analyze changes in ECE seats across provider types. SES ascent was most prevalent in Cook County, where zip code tabulation areas (Z…
Race, segregated urban mobility, and socioeconomic ascent
Past research on neighborhood ascent—socioeconomic increases among residents and housing—focuses on residential environments, overlooking how connections beyond their boundaries influence neighborhood change. Using geocoded tweets from over 375,000 Twitter users in the 50 most populous US cities, we explore how a city’s mobility network relates to neighborhood socioeconomic (SES) ascent from 2010 to 2019—whether ascent is more likely in cities mo…
School Closures and the Spatial Ecology of Education Access in 10 U.S. Cities
Public school closures are increasing in frequency, number and size in U.S. cities. This study examines the spatial distribution of public school closures occurring in 10 U.S. cities between 2010 and 2019. I employ Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques to measure the spatial concentration of school closures, or the degree to which school closures cluster. I also develop a measure of spatial accessibility across neighborhoods based o…
Relationships between historical redlining, contemporary housing market dynamics, racial composition, and mental health in U.S. urban neighborhoods
Beyond the residential neighborhood
An emerging framework has expanded the neighborhood effects perspective by recognizing that exposure to, and the impact of, neighborhood conditions extend beyond the residential environment. This framework conceptualizes neighborhoods as embedded within a citywide network, with ties based on the durable, aggregated, and socially meaningful connections linking residents across a city. Measuring neighborhood conditions solely within residential are…
Neighborhood Determinants of Health as a Composite Index
Millennials as a Demographic Bridge to Diversity? Segregation and Diversity of Young Adult Neighborhoods
As young adults, the Millennial generation emerged as the largest and most racially and ethnically diverse generation in U.S. history. These unique demographic characteristics, along with more progressive self-reported views on racial and ethnic issues, prompted some to label this generation as a demographic bridge to America’s diverse future. This article examines whether these unique characteristics translate into greater neighborhood racial di…
Beyond residential and extra-local spaces
Gun violence is one of the leading causes of premature death in the United States. While research examining the impact of gun violence has focused on direct victimisation, exposure within residential communities experiencing gun violence is consequential. However, exposure is not a spatially bounded process, as residents spend significant time outside of their neighbourhoods and travel to neighbourhoods both near and far. As such, a more complete…
Neighborhood inequality in government fines
A common way citizens interact with the legal system is through parking tickets. Existing literature suggests that there is a relationship between parking tickets and neighborhood characteristics, particularly higher rates in economically vulnerable and historically marginalized neighborhoods. The current research is limited to a select number of cities. We seek to examine if these relationships exist at a larger geographical scale. Specifically,…
The health implications of neighborhood networks based on daily mobility in US cities
A large body of research has been dedicated to understanding the neighborhood conditions that impact health, which outcomes are affected, and how these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic neighborhood and individual characteristics. This literature has focused mostly on the neighborhoods in which individuals reside, thus failing to recognize that residents across race/ethnicity and class spend a non-trivial amount of their time in …
Measuring and mapping neighborhood opportunity
This has led to the proliferation of opportunity maps in cities throughout the United States with the purpose of identifying low opportunity neighborhoods in need of investment and intervention and high opportunity neighborhoods that can offer access to resources and amenities to disadvantaged population groups. By explicitly linking investment to the identification of neighborhoods that are high or low in opportunity, opportunity indices have th…
Advanced introduction to housing studies, by William Clark, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Edgar Publishing, 2021
The neighborhood ethnoracial and socioeconomic context of public elementary school closures in U.S. metropolitan areas
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. When public schools close, heated debates typically ensue. A central argument within this debate asserts that schools being closed are more likely to be located in minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and thus their abandonment has the potential for widening racial and socioeconomic gaps and exacerbating spatial inequality. Using school attendance boundar…
The multidimensional clustering of health and its ecological risk factors
Dimensions of Thermal Inequity
Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We provide new insight into thermal inequities by analyzing 20 Southwestern U.S. metropolitan regions at the census block group scale for three temperature scenarios (average summer heat, extreme summer hea…
Investing in Gentrification
Place-based policies commonly target disadvantaged neighborhoods for economic improvement, typically in the form of job opportunities, business development or affordable housing. To ensure that investment is channeled to truly distressed areas, place-based programs narrow the pool of eligible neighborhoods based on a set of socioeconomic criteria. The criteria, however, may not be targeting the places most in need. In this study, we examine the r…
Effects of Public School Closures on Crime
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. In response, parents, teachers, and public school advocates argue that closures carry negative consequences for multiple institutions across a wide set of outcomes. One such institution is the local neighborhood, and a negative consequence that is frequently raised is increased crime. I test this claim by using the 2013 Chicago mass school closure as a case study. Rather tha…
The neighborhood context of school openings
In this study, we examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic ascent from 1990 to 2010 and charter school openings from 2010 to 2016 using a national sample of school attendance boundaries in the U.S. We first index school attendance boundaries into typologies according to their demographic profiles in 2010, and changes along multiple components of socioeconomic status from 1990 to 2010. We then examine whether charter schools were…
The Unequal Spatial Distribution of City Government Fines
This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attention in public debates concerning bias in government and law enforcement practices. In these debates, community advocates claim that parking citations are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods of predominantly economically vulnerable populations. Using …
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Mental Well-Being and Changes in Peer Ability From High School to College
While transitions to college can be stressful, links between distinct types of college transitions and changing student well-being remain unclear. For instance, peer ability often shifts from high school to college, though students differ markedly in how much peer ability change they experience. Here, we draw on national longitudinal data (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health [Add Health]; Waves 1 and 3; N = 1,453) to demonst…
Neighborhood selections by young adults
The number of neighborhoods with diverse mixtures of the major ethnic and racial groups is increasing. There is also work that suggests that young adults are more open to integration and that they may be making more integrative choices. In this context, we use data on neighborhood residential mobility from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to compare changes in neighborhood percentage own race from adolescence to young…
Hispanic neighbourhood satisfaction in new and established metropolitan destinations
As one of the more important recent population shifts in the USA, the migration of Hispanics into new immigrant metropolitan gateways has received significant scholarly attention. Much of this attention has been paid to understanding how Hispanic residential experiences and environmental characteristics differ between new and traditional destinations. This study contributes to this literature by using 2013 American Housing Survey data to examine …
The Determinants of Adolescent Neighborhood Satisfaction
As traditional neighborhood institutions, public schools can have significant influence on adolescent neighborhood satisfaction. Scholars have argued, however, that various phenomena have detached schools from their local communities, likely lessening their influence on satisfaction levels. Using data on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents, the present study identifies the determinants of adolescent neighborhood satisfaction wi…
Understanding the Crime Gap
The United States has experienced an unprecedented decline in violent crime over the last two decades. Throughout this decline, however, violent crime continued to concentrate in socially and economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. Using detailed homicide records from 1990 to 2010, this study examines the spatial patterning of violent crime in Chicago to determine whether or not all neighborhoods experienced decreases in violence. We find…
Understanding the Crime Gap
The United States has experienced an unprecedented decline in violent crime over the last two decades. Throughout this decline, however, violent crime continued to concentrate in socially and economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. Using detailed homicide records from 1990 to 2010, this study examines the spatial patterning of violent crime in Chicago to determine whether or not all neighborhoods experienced decreases in violence. We find…
Investing in Gentrification
Place-based policies commonly target disadvantaged neighborhoods for economic improvement, typically in the form of job opportunities, business development or affordable housing. To ensure that investment is channeled to truly distressed areas, place-based programs narrow the pool of eligible neighborhoods based on a set of socioeconomic criteria. The criteria, however, may not be targeting the places most in need. In this study, we examine the r…
Individual mental health, life course events and dynamic neighbourhood change during the transition to adulthood
The Unequal Spatial Distribution of City Government Fines
This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attention in public debates concerning bias in government and law enforcement practices. In these debates, community advocates claim that parking citations are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods of predominantly economically vulnerable populations. Using …
Hispanic neighbourhood satisfaction in new and established metropolitan destinations
As one of the more important recent population shifts in the USA, the migration of Hispanics into new immigrant metropolitan gateways has received significant scholarly attention. Much of this attention has been paid to understanding how Hispanic residential experiences and environmental characteristics differ between new and traditional destinations. This study contributes to this literature by using 2013 American Housing Survey data to examine …
Spatial Variation in the Hispanic Paradox
A long line of research has shown that despite their lower socioeconomic standing, Hispanics have lower mortality rates relative to Whites. In a separate literature, scholars have shown that Hispanics are increasingly relocating and shifting their destination choices within the US. Using 1999–2010 county‐level national vital statistics data, this paper combines these two research domains by comparing Hispanic and White all‐cause mortality rates a…
Effects of Public School Closures on Crime
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. In response, parents, teachers, and public school advocates argue that closures carry negative consequences for multiple institutions across a wide set of outcomes. One such institution is the local neighborhood, and a negative consequence that is frequently raised is increased crime. I test this claim by using the 2013 Chicago mass school closure as a case study. Rather tha…
The multidimensional clustering of health and its ecological risk factors
Residential mobility and neighborhood inequality during the transition to adulthood
There is ongoing interest on the outcomes of residential mobility during the young adulthood. In this paper, we examine movement in and out of disadvantaged and advantaged neighborhoods as individuals move out of the family home and experience significant life course events. Using longitudinal data on young adults in the United States from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that while the point-in-time measure …
A multistate life table approach to understanding return and reentry migration between Mexico and the United States during later life
BACKGROUND: Empirical research describes retirement migration to Mexico as a viable option for some older Americans. However, far less research examines this phenomenon among Mexican immigrants in the United States. The literature that does address this topic treats international migration as a singular occurrence and does not examine the possibility of return and subsequent reentry between countries. This omission creates an important gap in our…
The health implications of neighborhood networks based on daily mobility in US cities
A large body of research has been dedicated to understanding the neighborhood conditions that impact health, which outcomes are affected, and how these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic neighborhood and individual characteristics. This literature has focused mostly on the neighborhoods in which individuals reside, thus failing to recognize that residents across race/ethnicity and class spend a non-trivial amount of their time in …
The neighborhood context of school openings
In this study, we examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic ascent from 1990 to 2010 and charter school openings from 2010 to 2016 using a national sample of school attendance boundaries in the U.S. We first index school attendance boundaries into typologies according to their demographic profiles in 2010, and changes along multiple components of socioeconomic status from 1990 to 2010. We then examine whether charter schools were…
Neighborhood selections by young adults
The number of neighborhoods with diverse mixtures of the major ethnic and racial groups is increasing. There is also work that suggests that young adults are more open to integration and that they may be making more integrative choices. In this context, we use data on neighborhood residential mobility from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to compare changes in neighborhood percentage own race from adolescence to young…
The neighborhood ethnoracial and socioeconomic context of public elementary school closures in U.S. metropolitan areas
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. When public schools close, heated debates typically ensue. A central argument within this debate asserts that schools being closed are more likely to be located in minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and thus their abandonment has the potential for widening racial and socioeconomic gaps and exacerbating spatial inequality. Using school attendance boundar…
Disentangling fathers’ absences from household remittances in international migration
Large-Scale Urban Riots and Residential Segregation
Despite a well-established literature investigating race-related predictors of riot incidence, the racial aftermath of riots remains unexamined. In this study, I use the 1960s U.S. race riots to investigate trends in black residential segregation levels following large-scale riot activity in seven major U.S. cities. I use a novel approach—namely, synthetic control matching—to select a group of cities against which segregation trends can be compar…
Millennials as a Demographic Bridge to Diversity? Segregation and Diversity of Young Adult Neighborhoods
As young adults, the Millennial generation emerged as the largest and most racially and ethnically diverse generation in U.S. history. These unique demographic characteristics, along with more progressive self-reported views on racial and ethnic issues, prompted some to label this generation as a demographic bridge to America’s diverse future. This article examines whether these unique characteristics translate into greater neighborhood racial di…
Neighborhood inequality in government fines
A common way citizens interact with the legal system is through parking tickets. Existing literature suggests that there is a relationship between parking tickets and neighborhood characteristics, particularly higher rates in economically vulnerable and historically marginalized neighborhoods. The current research is limited to a select number of cities. We seek to examine if these relationships exist at a larger geographical scale. Specifically,…
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Spatial Variation in the Hispanic Paradox
A long line of research has shown that despite their lower socioeconomic standing, Hispanics have lower mortality rates relative to Whites. In a separate literature, scholars have shown that Hispanics are increasingly relocating and shifting their destination choices within the US. Using 1999–2010 county‐level national vital statistics data, this paper combines these two research domains by comparing Hispanic and White all‐cause mortality rates a…
A multistate life table approach to understanding return and reentry migration between Mexico and the United States during later life
BACKGROUND: Empirical research describes retirement migration to Mexico as a viable option for some older Americans. However, far less research examines this phenomenon among Mexican immigrants in the United States. The literature that does address this topic treats international migration as a singular occurrence and does not examine the possibility of return and subsequent reentry between countries. This omission creates an important gap in our…
Disentangling fathers’ absences from household remittances in international migration
Large-Scale Urban Riots and Residential Segregation
Despite a well-established literature investigating race-related predictors of riot incidence, the racial aftermath of riots remains unexamined. In this study, I use the 1960s U.S. race riots to investigate trends in black residential segregation levels following large-scale riot activity in seven major U.S. cities. I use a novel approach—namely, synthetic control matching—to select a group of cities against which segregation trends can be compar…
Neighborhood co-offending networks, structural embeddedness, and violent crime in Chicago
Individual mental health, life course events and dynamic neighbourhood change during the transition to adulthood
The Determinants of Adolescent Neighborhood Satisfaction
As traditional neighborhood institutions, public schools can have significant influence on adolescent neighborhood satisfaction. Scholars have argued, however, that various phenomena have detached schools from their local communities, likely lessening their influence on satisfaction levels. Using data on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents, the present study identifies the determinants of adolescent neighborhood satisfaction wi…
Understanding the Crime Gap
The United States has experienced an unprecedented decline in violent crime over the last two decades. Throughout this decline, however, violent crime continued to concentrate in socially and economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. Using detailed homicide records from 1990 to 2010, this study examines the spatial patterning of violent crime in Chicago to determine whether or not all neighborhoods experienced decreases in violence. We find…
Residential mobility and neighborhood inequality during the transition to adulthood
There is ongoing interest on the outcomes of residential mobility during the young adulthood. In this paper, we examine movement in and out of disadvantaged and advantaged neighborhoods as individuals move out of the family home and experience significant life course events. Using longitudinal data on young adults in the United States from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that while the point-in-time measure …
Neighborhood selections by young adults
The number of neighborhoods with diverse mixtures of the major ethnic and racial groups is increasing. There is also work that suggests that young adults are more open to integration and that they may be making more integrative choices. In this context, we use data on neighborhood residential mobility from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to compare changes in neighborhood percentage own race from adolescence to young…
Hispanic neighbourhood satisfaction in new and established metropolitan destinations
As one of the more important recent population shifts in the USA, the migration of Hispanics into new immigrant metropolitan gateways has received significant scholarly attention. Much of this attention has been paid to understanding how Hispanic residential experiences and environmental characteristics differ between new and traditional destinations. This study contributes to this literature by using 2013 American Housing Survey data to examine …
Effects of Public School Closures on Crime
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. In response, parents, teachers, and public school advocates argue that closures carry negative consequences for multiple institutions across a wide set of outcomes. One such institution is the local neighborhood, and a negative consequence that is frequently raised is increased crime. I test this claim by using the 2013 Chicago mass school closure as a case study. Rather tha…
The neighborhood context of school openings
In this study, we examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic ascent from 1990 to 2010 and charter school openings from 2010 to 2016 using a national sample of school attendance boundaries in the U.S. We first index school attendance boundaries into typologies according to their demographic profiles in 2010, and changes along multiple components of socioeconomic status from 1990 to 2010. We then examine whether charter schools were…
The Unequal Spatial Distribution of City Government Fines
This study investigates the relationship between government fines and neighborhood composition using data on parking citations in Los Angeles. Parking ticket fines have received significant attention in public debates concerning bias in government and law enforcement practices. In these debates, community advocates claim that parking citations are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods of predominantly economically vulnerable populations. Using …
The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities
Mental Well-Being and Changes in Peer Ability From High School to College
While transitions to college can be stressful, links between distinct types of college transitions and changing student well-being remain unclear. For instance, peer ability often shifts from high school to college, though students differ markedly in how much peer ability change they experience. Here, we draw on national longitudinal data (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health [Add Health]; Waves 1 and 3; N = 1,453) to demonst…
Dimensions of Thermal Inequity
Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We provide new insight into thermal inequities by analyzing 20 Southwestern U.S. metropolitan regions at the census block group scale for three temperature scenarios (average summer heat, extreme summer hea…
Investing in Gentrification
Place-based policies commonly target disadvantaged neighborhoods for economic improvement, typically in the form of job opportunities, business development or affordable housing. To ensure that investment is channeled to truly distressed areas, place-based programs narrow the pool of eligible neighborhoods based on a set of socioeconomic criteria. The criteria, however, may not be targeting the places most in need. In this study, we examine the r…
Advanced introduction to housing studies, by William Clark, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Edgar Publishing, 2021
The neighborhood ethnoracial and socioeconomic context of public elementary school closures in U.S. metropolitan areas
Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities. When public schools close, heated debates typically ensue. A central argument within this debate asserts that schools being closed are more likely to be located in minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, and thus their abandonment has the potential for widening racial and socioeconomic gaps and exacerbating spatial inequality. Using school attendance boundar…
The multidimensional clustering of health and its ecological risk factors
Measuring and mapping neighborhood opportunity
This has led to the proliferation of opportunity maps in cities throughout the United States with the purpose of identifying low opportunity neighborhoods in need of investment and intervention and high opportunity neighborhoods that can offer access to resources and amenities to disadvantaged population groups. By explicitly linking investment to the identification of neighborhoods that are high or low in opportunity, opportunity indices have th…
Neighborhood inequality in government fines
A common way citizens interact with the legal system is through parking tickets. Existing literature suggests that there is a relationship between parking tickets and neighborhood characteristics, particularly higher rates in economically vulnerable and historically marginalized neighborhoods. The current research is limited to a select number of cities. We seek to examine if these relationships exist at a larger geographical scale. Specifically,…
The health implications of neighborhood networks based on daily mobility in US cities
A large body of research has been dedicated to understanding the neighborhood conditions that impact health, which outcomes are affected, and how these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic neighborhood and individual characteristics. This literature has focused mostly on the neighborhoods in which individuals reside, thus failing to recognize that residents across race/ethnicity and class spend a non-trivial amount of their time in …
School Closures and the Spatial Ecology of Education Access in 10 U.S. Cities
Public school closures are increasing in frequency, number and size in U.S. cities. This study examines the spatial distribution of public school closures occurring in 10 U.S. cities between 2010 and 2019. I employ Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques to measure the spatial concentration of school closures, or the degree to which school closures cluster. I also develop a measure of spatial accessibility across neighborhoods based o…
Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (23 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Geography (19 works) · Economics (17 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Demography (16 works) · Demography (15 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Population (11 works) · Homelessness and Social Issues (10 works)