C S Bergeman
Biographic Data
| ID | 199347 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C S Bergeman |
| GIVEN NAMES | C S |
| FAMILY NAME | Bergeman |
| SIGNATURE | BERGEMAN C S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Notre Dame |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0276-3442 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 148 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Dynamic Modeling with Intensive Longitudinal Data: One-Step and Two-Step DSEM Approaches
This study evaluated and compared one-step and two-step dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) approaches for analyzing intensive longitudinal data. In one-step DSEM, the within-person dynamic model and the between-person model are estimated simultaneously. In two-step DSEM, dynamic component estimates are first extracted from the within-person model, followed by estimation of between-person relations in a second step. We further examined wh…
Age Differences Among Within-Person Indicators of Stress and Depressive Affect
We examined age differences in the within-person relationships among perceived stress (PS), perceived stress reactivity (PSR), and depressive affect (DA) as well as potential mechanisms of depression with a longitudinal moderated mediation model. Participants from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Wellbeing ( N = 572) completed two to four waves of yearly assessments. Sequentially built multilevel models, in which year was nested within person, il…
Affect dynamics and depressive symptomatology: Revisiting the inertia–instability paradox
The inertia-instability paradox poses an intriguing question in depression research: How can the affective experiences of depressed individuals demonstrate both resistance to change and fluctuation? Prior studies examining this paradox have faced limitations, including small sample sizes, analytic approaches prone to biased parameter estimates, and inconsistent results. Using data from 842 adults ( M age = 54.31, SD = 13.25, age range: 18-88; 58.…
Building a dynamic adaptational process theory of resilience (Adaptor): Stress exposure, reserve capacity, adaptation, and consequence
A Dynamic Adaptational Process Theory of Resilience (ADAPTOR) incorporates a synchronistic interplay of reserve capacity, adaptation, and consequences in the context of the larger exposome. This conceptualization of resilience centers on the argument that individuals can "build" resilience by drawing upon their various reserve capacities to effectively adapt to challenging contextual factors, and that this process has long-term consequences for h…
Age Differences Among Different Sources of Stressor Related Negative Affect
We examine age differences in the relationship between negative affect (NA) and different indicators of daily stress (interpersonal, health, and financial stressors and perceived stress). Participants completed 56 days of daily diary surveys from Wave 1 of the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being. Multi-level modeling allowed us to assess the within-person relationships between daily stress and NA and the cross-level interactions between these…
Age Differences in Types and Perceptions of Daily Stress
The present study explores differences in daily stress across individuals of varying ages. Specifically, we explore whether age group (young adult, midlife, late midlife, later life) relates to differences in types of stress (family, friends, partner, health, finances, work), total stress exposure, and perceptions of daily stress intensity. Participants from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (NDHWB; N = 891) completed daily questionnair…
The positive and negative affect relation in the context of stress and age
Research suggests that the within-person inverse relationship between negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) indicates poorer emotional well-being, and this interaffect correlation fluctuates in relation to the context of the individual. Specifically, age, stress, and global PA all relate to changes in the interaffect correlation. The current study used comprehensive data from the Notre Dame Study of Health and Well-Being, which allowed us…
Daily religious coping buffers the stress–affect relationship and benefits overall metabolic health in older adults
01). Results demonstrate that the ability to use religious coping to regulate the effects of stress on negative affect may delay the onset of disorders associated with obesity and dysregulation in the metabolic system
On Standardizing Within-Person Effects: Potential Problems of Global Standardization
Person-mean centering has been recommended for disaggregating between-person and within-person effects when modeling time-varying predictors. Multilevel modeling textbooks recommended global standardization for standardizing fixed effects. An aim of this study is to evaluate whether and when person-mean centering followed by global standardization can accurately estimate fixed-effects within-person relations (the estimand of interest in this stud…
Future Time Perspective in Mid-to-Later Life: The Role of Personality
Although the extant literature has indicated that FTP, age, and health are inextricably tied, these results indicate that there is more variability to be explained in FTP, perhaps especially when looking within specific age groups
Time and Other Considerations in Mediation Design
This article serves as a practical guide to mediation design and analysis by evaluating the ability of mediation models to detect a significant mediation effect using limited data. The cross-sectional mediation model, which has been shown to be biased when the mediation is happening over time, is compared with longitudinal mediation models: sequential, dynamic, and cross-lagged panel. These longitudinal mediation models take time into account but…
Daily Stress Reactivity Across the Life span: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Effects of Age
These results depict differences in aging trajectories for both midlife and older adults and thus inform intervention and preventative care strategies aimed toward promoting stress regulation
On the Use of Mixed Markov Models for Intensive Longitudinal Data
Markov modeling presents an attractive analytical framework for researchers who are interested in state-switching processes occurring within a person, dyad, family, group, or other system over time. Markov modeling is flexible and can be used with various types of data to study observed or latent state-switching processes, and can include subject-specific random effects to account for heterogeneity. We focus on the application of mixed Markov mod…
The effect of the financial crisis on physical health: Perceived impact matters
The impact of the financial crisis on health was investigated ( N = 312). Intraindividual intercept, slope, and quadratic parameters capturing trends in income, subjective financial situation, and perceived stress across the period predicted physical health, controlling for baseline health. For those experiencing a decline in financial situation, a decrease in financial situation and an increase in perceived stress predicted poorer health; neithe…
Affective health bias in older adults: Considering positive and negative affect in a general health context
Relationships Among Nightly Sleep Quality, Daily Stress, and Daily Affect
The combination of good SQ and higher PA buffered the impact of stress on NA. The moderating impact of age suggests that sleep and stress play different roles across adulthood. Targeting intervention and prevention strategies to improve SQ and enhance PA could disrupt the detrimental relationship between daily stress and NA
Financial Stress, Neighborhood Stress, and Well‐being: Mediational and Moderational Models
This study explores whether high quality neighborhoods or social integration have protective effects on psychological well‐being, especially in the face of financial challenges. Previous research suggests that low levels of financial stress, lower neighborhood stress, and social integration are each associated with greater levels of well‐being; few studies, however, investigate these contextual variables in confluence. Data from the Notre Dame St…
Trajectories of Social Support and Well-Being Across the First Two Years of Widowhood
The death of a spouse can be one of the most challenging events an older adult can face, yet many exhibit resilience. The present study examined the trajectories of structural and functional social support components, depression, and life satisfaction across the first two years of widowhood. The majority of structural and functional support trajectories exhibited stability across the first two years postloss. However, emotional support and suppor…
Combinations of Stressors in Midlife: Examining Role and Domain Stressors Using Regression Trees and Random Forests
Exploring multiple stressors simultaneously provides insights into the diversity of stressor combinations across individuals--even those with similar levels of global perceived stress--and answers theoretical mandates to better understand the influence of stress by sampling from many domain and role stressors. Further, the unique influences of each predictor relative to the others inform theory and applied work. Finally, examples of equifinality …
Ups and Downs of Daily Life: Age Effects on the Impact of Daily Appraisal Variability on Depressive Symptoms
Findings suggest that those in later life are better able to manage the impact that their cognitive and emotional responses to daily stressors have on depressive symptoms. The results also highlight the importance of examining daily variability-in addition to mean levels-in understanding the impact of daily events and appraisals on well-being
Synchrony in Affect Among Stressed Adults: The Notre Dame Widowhood Study
Discussion focuses on (a) individual differences in the within-person structure in affect, (b) the dynamic processes involving negative and positive affect, and (c) the predictive power of synchrony scores
Investigating inter-individual differences in short-term intra-individual variability.
Intra-individual variability over a short period of time may contain important information about how individuals differ from each other. In this article we begin by discussing diverse indicators for quantifying intra-individual variability and indicate their advantages and disadvantages. Then we propose an alternative method that models inter-individual differences in intra-individual variability by separately considering both the amplitude of fl…
How does religiosity enhance well-being? The role of perceived control
Religiousness and spirituality (R/S) are consistently linked with positive indicators of well-being, but the mechanisms behind these associations remain largely unknown. We hypothesize that an individual's level of perceived control (PC) acts as a mediator of this relationship and that this effect is stronger in older adults. Participants were 529 adults from the Notre Dame Study of Health and Well-Being (aged 31-88). Regression analyses tested b…
Coping with Daily Stress: Differential Role of Spiritual Experience on Daily Positive and Negative Affect
These results point to a differential function of ESE-that it serves a coping function for NA but enhances PA directly-in the day-to-day lives of older adults, shedding light on the nuanced role of religiousness and spirituality when it comes to coping with daily stress
The Self-Concept and Conjugal Loss: Evidence for Structural Change
The self-concept is often considered to be a personal resource that individuals may use to cope with life stressors, but little is known about how this entity might itself change in response to profound stress. The present study examines structural change in self-concept following conjugal loss in later life. Analyses were conducted on data collected from 57 widows every 4 months over the first 2 years post-loss. The first objective was to explor…
Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life
In 3 studies, the authors investigated the functional role of psychological resilience and positive emotions in the stress process. Studies 1a and 1b explored naturally occurring daily stressors. Study 2 examined data from a sample of recently bereaved widows. Across studies, multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses revealed that the occurrence of daily positive emotions serves to moderate stress reactivity and mediate stress recovery. Fin…
Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span
Trajectories of Social Support and Well-Being Across the First Two Years of Widowhood
The death of a spouse can be one of the most challenging events an older adult can face, yet many exhibit resilience. The present study examined the trajectories of structural and functional social support components, depression, and life satisfaction across the first two years of widowhood. The majority of structural and functional support trajectories exhibited stability across the first two years postloss. However, emotional support and suppor…
The Role of Dispositional Resilience in Regaining Life Satisfaction after the Loss of a Spouse
The purpose of the present study was to examine dispositional resilience in the perceived stress-life satisfaction relation following conjugal loss. The sample included 55 widows, assessed on average, 1 month following the death of a spouse. Results supported dispositional resilience as a mediator (the initial relation between perceived stress and life satisfaction was significant, but reduced to a non-significant level once dispositional resilie…
Coping with Daily Stress: Differential Role of Spiritual Experience on Daily Positive and Negative Affect
These results point to a differential function of ESE-that it serves a coping function for NA but enhances PA directly-in the day-to-day lives of older adults, shedding light on the nuanced role of religiousness and spirituality when it comes to coping with daily stress
The Role of Daily Positive Emotions During Conjugal Bereavement
The role of daily positive emotions in the stress process was examined in a sample of 34 recently bereaved older adult widows. Humor coping and perceived stress were measured in questionnaires, and positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed daily for 98 days. Results highlight the critical role of daily positive emotions in the months immediately following conjugal loss. Intraindividual analyses revealed significant reductio…
Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment
Robert Plomin, G. E. McClearn, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, C. S. Bergeman, Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 791-803
Ups and Downs of Daily Life: Age Effects on the Impact of Daily Appraisal Variability on Depressive Symptoms
Findings suggest that those in later life are better able to manage the impact that their cognitive and emotional responses to daily stressors have on depressive symptoms. The results also highlight the importance of examining daily variability-in addition to mean levels-in understanding the impact of daily events and appraisals on well-being
Social Support in Widowhood: A Mixed Methods Study
Although social support is assumed to be an important factor following loss, the mechanisms by which it influences outcomes are not well understood. This study explored the nature of social support following loss using mixed methods. Widows participated in semistructured interviews 1 and 4 months after loss; a subsample completed 98 days of questionnaires between interviews. Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method; themes i…
The Complexity of Emotions in Later Life
The complexity of positive and negative emotions was examined in a sample of 40 adults between the ages of 60 and 85 years. Participants' emotional experiences were assessed by use of a 30-day assessment protocol. Results suggest that different vulnerability and resilience factors are implicated in the intraindividual experience of positive and negative emotions. Individual differences in perceived stress and neuroticism were associated with less…
The effect of the financial crisis on physical health: Perceived impact matters
The impact of the financial crisis on health was investigated ( N = 312). Intraindividual intercept, slope, and quadratic parameters capturing trends in income, subjective financial situation, and perceived stress across the period predicted physical health, controlling for baseline health. For those experiencing a decline in financial situation, a decrease in financial situation and an increase in perceived stress predicted poorer health; neithe…
Combinations of Stressors in Midlife: Examining Role and Domain Stressors Using Regression Trees and Random Forests
Exploring multiple stressors simultaneously provides insights into the diversity of stressor combinations across individuals--even those with similar levels of global perceived stress--and answers theoretical mandates to better understand the influence of stress by sampling from many domain and role stressors. Further, the unique influences of each predictor relative to the others inform theory and applied work. Finally, examples of equifinality …
Emotional Well-Being in Recently Bereaved Widows: A Dynamical Systems Approach
A dynamical systems approach was used to model the intraindividual variability in emotional well-being following conjugal loss. Well-being in a sample of 19 recently bereaved older adult widows was measured every day for 3 months. The pattern of variability of well-being was hypothesized to be an oscillating process that damps across time (i.e., large swings followed by a gradual damping). Results indicated that there was significant patterned va…
Relationships Among Nightly Sleep Quality, Daily Stress, and Daily Affect
The combination of good SQ and higher PA buffered the impact of stress on NA. The moderating impact of age suggests that sleep and stress play different roles across adulthood. Targeting intervention and prevention strategies to improve SQ and enhance PA could disrupt the detrimental relationship between daily stress and NA
Financial Stress, Neighborhood Stress, and Well‐being: Mediational and Moderational Models
This study explores whether high quality neighborhoods or social integration have protective effects on psychological well‐being, especially in the face of financial challenges. Previous research suggests that low levels of financial stress, lower neighborhood stress, and social integration are each associated with greater levels of well‐being; few studies, however, investigate these contextual variables in confluence. Data from the Notre Dame St…
Future Time Perspective in Mid-to-Later Life: The Role of Personality
Although the extant literature has indicated that FTP, age, and health are inextricably tied, these results indicate that there is more variability to be explained in FTP, perhaps especially when looking within specific age groups
Daily Stress Reactivity Across the Life span: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Effects of Age
These results depict differences in aging trajectories for both midlife and older adults and thus inform intervention and preventative care strategies aimed toward promoting stress regulation
Affective health bias in older adults: Considering positive and negative affect in a general health context
Synchrony in Affect Among Stressed Adults: The Notre Dame Widowhood Study
Discussion focuses on (a) individual differences in the within-person structure in affect, (b) the dynamic processes involving negative and positive affect, and (c) the predictive power of synchrony scores
Genetic influence on childhood family environment perceived retrospectively from the last half of the life span
Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment
Robert Plomin, G. E. McClearn, Nancy L. Pedersen, John R. Nesselroade, C. S. Bergeman, Genetic Influence on Adults' Ratings of Their Current Family Environment, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Aug., 1989), pp. 791-803
The nature of nurture: Genetic influence on “environmental” measures
Evidence for genetic influence on environmental measures will emerge in quantitative genetic analyses if genetically influenced characteristics of individuals are assessed by these environmental measures. Recent twin and adoption studies indicate substantial genetic influence when measures of the environment are treated as phenotypes in genetic analyses. Genetic influence has been documented for measures as diverse as videotaped observations of p…
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness: An Adoption/Twin Study
Previous research has indicated that extraversion and neuroticism are substantially affected both by genotype and environment. This study assesses genetic and environmental influences on the other three components of the five‐factor model of personality: Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. An abbreviated version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI) was administered to 82 pairs of identical twins and 171 pairs of fra…
Emotional Well-Being in Recently Bereaved Widows: A Dynamical Systems Approach
A dynamical systems approach was used to model the intraindividual variability in emotional well-being following conjugal loss. Well-being in a sample of 19 recently bereaved older adult widows was measured every day for 3 months. The pattern of variability of well-being was hypothesized to be an oscillating process that damps across time (i.e., large swings followed by a gradual damping). Results indicated that there was significant patterned va…
The Complexity of Emotions in Later Life
The complexity of positive and negative emotions was examined in a sample of 40 adults between the ages of 60 and 85 years. Participants' emotional experiences were assessed by use of a 30-day assessment protocol. Results suggest that different vulnerability and resilience factors are implicated in the intraindividual experience of positive and negative emotions. Individual differences in perceived stress and neuroticism were associated with less…
The Role of Daily Positive Emotions During Conjugal Bereavement
The role of daily positive emotions in the stress process was examined in a sample of 34 recently bereaved older adult widows. Humor coping and perceived stress were measured in questionnaires, and positive emotions, depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed daily for 98 days. Results highlight the critical role of daily positive emotions in the months immediately following conjugal loss. Intraindividual analyses revealed significant reductio…
Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life
In 3 studies, the authors investigated the functional role of psychological resilience and positive emotions in the stress process. Studies 1a and 1b explored naturally occurring daily stressors. Study 2 examined data from a sample of recently bereaved widows. Across studies, multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses revealed that the occurrence of daily positive emotions serves to moderate stress reactivity and mediate stress recovery. Fin…
Social Support in Widowhood: A Mixed Methods Study
Although social support is assumed to be an important factor following loss, the mechanisms by which it influences outcomes are not well understood. This study explored the nature of social support following loss using mixed methods. Widows participated in semistructured interviews 1 and 4 months after loss; a subsample completed 98 days of questionnaires between interviews. Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method; themes i…
The Role of Dispositional Resilience in Regaining Life Satisfaction after the Loss of a Spouse
The purpose of the present study was to examine dispositional resilience in the perceived stress-life satisfaction relation following conjugal loss. The sample included 55 widows, assessed on average, 1 month following the death of a spouse. Results supported dispositional resilience as a mediator (the initial relation between perceived stress and life satisfaction was significant, but reduced to a non-significant level once dispositional resilie…
Modeling Individual Damped Linear Oscillator Processes with Differential Equations: Using Surrogate Data Analysis to Estimate the Smoothing Parameter
Among the many methods available for modeling intraindividual time series, differential equation modeling has several advantages that make it promising for applications to psychological data. One interesting differential equation model is that of the damped linear oscillator (DLO), which can be used to model variables that have a tendency to fluctuate around some typical, or equilibrium, value. Methods available for fitting the damped linear osci…
Resilience Comes of Age: Defining Features in Later Adulthood
Historically, resilience research has been largely the purview of developmental investigators dealing with early childhood and adolescence. This research primarily focused on at‐risk children who were exposed to significant and severe life adversities (e.g., extreme poverty, parental mental illness, community violence). The study of resilience in adulthood and later life, by comparison, remains largely understudied. In this article, we describe a…
The Self-Concept and Conjugal Loss: Evidence for Structural Change
The self-concept is often considered to be a personal resource that individuals may use to cope with life stressors, but little is known about how this entity might itself change in response to profound stress. The present study examines structural change in self-concept following conjugal loss in later life. Analyses were conducted on data collected from 57 widows every 4 months over the first 2 years post-loss. The first objective was to explor…
How does religiosity enhance well-being? The role of perceived control
Religiousness and spirituality (R/S) are consistently linked with positive indicators of well-being, but the mechanisms behind these associations remain largely unknown. We hypothesize that an individual's level of perceived control (PC) acts as a mediator of this relationship and that this effect is stronger in older adults. Participants were 529 adults from the Notre Dame Study of Health and Well-Being (aged 31-88). Regression analyses tested b…
Coping with Daily Stress: Differential Role of Spiritual Experience on Daily Positive and Negative Affect
These results point to a differential function of ESE-that it serves a coping function for NA but enhances PA directly-in the day-to-day lives of older adults, shedding light on the nuanced role of religiousness and spirituality when it comes to coping with daily stress
Investigating inter-individual differences in short-term intra-individual variability.
Intra-individual variability over a short period of time may contain important information about how individuals differ from each other. In this article we begin by discussing diverse indicators for quantifying intra-individual variability and indicate their advantages and disadvantages. Then we propose an alternative method that models inter-individual differences in intra-individual variability by separately considering both the amplitude of fl…
Combinations of Stressors in Midlife: Examining Role and Domain Stressors Using Regression Trees and Random Forests
Exploring multiple stressors simultaneously provides insights into the diversity of stressor combinations across individuals--even those with similar levels of global perceived stress--and answers theoretical mandates to better understand the influence of stress by sampling from many domain and role stressors. Further, the unique influences of each predictor relative to the others inform theory and applied work. Finally, examples of equifinality …
Ups and Downs of Daily Life: Age Effects on the Impact of Daily Appraisal Variability on Depressive Symptoms
Findings suggest that those in later life are better able to manage the impact that their cognitive and emotional responses to daily stressors have on depressive symptoms. The results also highlight the importance of examining daily variability-in addition to mean levels-in understanding the impact of daily events and appraisals on well-being
Synchrony in Affect Among Stressed Adults: The Notre Dame Widowhood Study
Discussion focuses on (a) individual differences in the within-person structure in affect, (b) the dynamic processes involving negative and positive affect, and (c) the predictive power of synchrony scores
Trajectories of Social Support and Well-Being Across the First Two Years of Widowhood
The death of a spouse can be one of the most challenging events an older adult can face, yet many exhibit resilience. The present study examined the trajectories of structural and functional social support components, depression, and life satisfaction across the first two years of widowhood. The majority of structural and functional support trajectories exhibited stability across the first two years postloss. However, emotional support and suppor…
Relationships Among Nightly Sleep Quality, Daily Stress, and Daily Affect
The combination of good SQ and higher PA buffered the impact of stress on NA. The moderating impact of age suggests that sleep and stress play different roles across adulthood. Targeting intervention and prevention strategies to improve SQ and enhance PA could disrupt the detrimental relationship between daily stress and NA
Financial Stress, Neighborhood Stress, and Well‐being: Mediational and Moderational Models
This study explores whether high quality neighborhoods or social integration have protective effects on psychological well‐being, especially in the face of financial challenges. Previous research suggests that low levels of financial stress, lower neighborhood stress, and social integration are each associated with greater levels of well‐being; few studies, however, investigate these contextual variables in confluence. Data from the Notre Dame St…
Affective health bias in older adults: Considering positive and negative affect in a general health context
On the Use of Mixed Markov Models for Intensive Longitudinal Data
Markov modeling presents an attractive analytical framework for researchers who are interested in state-switching processes occurring within a person, dyad, family, group, or other system over time. Markov modeling is flexible and can be used with various types of data to study observed or latent state-switching processes, and can include subject-specific random effects to account for heterogeneity. We focus on the application of mixed Markov mod…
The effect of the financial crisis on physical health: Perceived impact matters
The impact of the financial crisis on health was investigated ( N = 312). Intraindividual intercept, slope, and quadratic parameters capturing trends in income, subjective financial situation, and perceived stress across the period predicted physical health, controlling for baseline health. For those experiencing a decline in financial situation, a decrease in financial situation and an increase in perceived stress predicted poorer health; neithe…
Psychology (33 works) · Developmental psychology (26 works) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Aging and Gerontology Research (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (9 works)