Petri Toiviainen
Biographic Data
| ID | 1994020 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Petri Toiviainen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Petri |
| FAMILY NAME | Toiviainen |
| SIGNATURE | TOIVIAINEN P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Jyväskylä |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6962-2957 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 17 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Exploring the nature of music-evoked autobiographical memories in healthy aging: A mixed-methods study
Autobiographical memories play a significant role in shaping a sense of self and are essential for normal functioning on a daily basis. Music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) are memories of past events that are triggered by music, often involuntarily. In this study, we had two aims: (1) to explore the qualitative characteristics of MEAMs in healthy aging and (2) to analyze possible relationships between types of MEAM and the emotions evo…
Memory bumps across the lifespan in personally meaningful music
Some songs stay with us for a lifetime. Even decades later, a few familiar notes can unlock vivid memories. Yet the life periods from which these songs originate and their prominence across age and gender remain underexplored. This study examines lifespan patterns in music-related memory, focusing on age trends, gender differences, and the global presence of the "reminiscence bump", a peak in emotional connection to music from adolescence and ear…
Groove as a multidimensional participatory experience
Groove is a popular and widely used concept in the field of music. Yet, its precise definition remains elusive. Upon closer inspection, groove appears to be used as an umbrella term with various connotations depending on the musical era, the musical context, and the individual using the term. Our aim in this article was to explore different definitions and connotations of the term groove so as to reach a more detailed understanding of it. Consequ…
Emotional and musical factors combined with song-specific age predict the subjective autobiographical saliency of music in older adults
Music that evokes strong emotional responses is often experienced as autobiographically salient. Through emotional experience, the musical features of songs could also contribute to their subjective autobiographical saliency. Songs which have been popular during adolescence or young adulthood (ages 10–30) are more likely to evoke stronger memories, a phenomenon known as a reminiscence bump. In the present study, we sought to determine how song-sp…
Beauty is in the brain networks of the beholder: An exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Listening to music while appreciating its beauty is a common activity in daily life. Only a few studies have explored the association between such aesthetic processes with brain activity and the related patterns of brain connectivity states. Here, we exploratorily applied a recent algorithm for extracting the dynamic changes in time-varying functional connectivity (FC) by measuring functional magnetic resonance imaging responses from 36 participa…
Rhythm and Reading Abilities
This study was conducted to investigate the previously indicated causal relationship between reading impairment and difficulties in rhythm perception in an adult sample. In our study the comparison was made between the family risk for dyslexia and the no-risk for dyslexia groups to assess the possibility of shared risk factors. We hypothesized that a relationship exists between reading deficits and lower performance in rhythm perception within th…
Musical interaction in music therapy for depression treatment
Music therapy is efficacious for the treatment of depression. Compared to other psychotherapeutic forms, it allows for the emergence of various modes of mutual interaction, thus enabling multiple channels for emotional expression and fostering therapeutic alliance. Although musical interaction patterns between client and therapist have been regarded as predictors of therapeutic outcome in depression, this has not yet been systematically investiga…
Music therapeutic emotional processing (MEP): Expression, awareness, and pain predict therapeutic outcome
Successful emotional processing is pivotal for the therapeutic change, and music can support emotional processing. However, we know little on how music-based emotional processing actually predicts clinical outcomes. This study investigated music therapeutic emotional processing (MEP) as a predictor of therapeutic outcome in treatment for depression. Data consisted of self-reports of 64 clients (age range 19–57, 74% female) from a clinical trial (…
The algorithmic nature of song-sequencing: Statistical regularities in music albums
Based on a review of anecdotal beliefs, we explored statistical patterns of track-sequencing within a large set of released music albums. We found that songs with high levels of valence, energy and loudness are more likely to be positioned at the beginning of each album. We also found that transitions between consecutive tracks tend to alternate between increases and decreases of valence and energy. These findings were used to build a system whic…
Embodied Meter Revisited
Previous research has shown that humans tend to embody musical meter at multiple beat levels during spontaneous dance. This work that been based on identifying typical periodic movement patterns, or eigenmovements, and has relied on time-domain analyses. The current study: 1) presents a novel method of using time-frequency analysis in conjunction with group-level tensor decomposition; 2) compares its results to time-domain analysis, and 3) invest…
Emotions of music listening in Finland and in India: Comparison of an individualistic and a collectivistic culture
Music is appreciated for emotional reasons across cultures, but knowledge on the cross-cultural similarities and differences of music-evoked emotions is still sparse. The current study compared music-evoked emotions in Finland and in India, contextualizing them within the perceived psychological functionality of music in an individualistic versus collectivistic culture. Participants ( N = 230) answered an online survey on music-evoked emotions an…
Embodiment in Electronic Dance Music: Effects of musical content and structure on body movement
Electronic dance music (EDM) is music produced with the foremost aim to make people move. While research has revealed relationships between movement features and, for example, musical, emotional, or personality characteristics, systematic investigations of genre differences and specifically of EDM are rather rare. This article aims at offering insights into the embodiment of EDM from three different angles: first from a genre-comparison perspecti…
Dance to your own drum: Identification of musical genre and individual dancer from motion capture using machine learning
Machine learning has been used to accurately classify musical genre using features derived from audio signals. Musical genre, as well as lower-level audio features of music, have also been shown to influence music-induced movement, however, the degree to which such movements are genre-specific has not been explored. The current paper addresses this using motion capture data from participants dancing freely to eight genres. Using a Support Vector …
Interaction features for prediction of perceptual segmentation: Effects of musicianship and experimental task
As music unfolds in time, structure is recognised and understood by listeners, regardless of their level of musical expertise. A number of studies have found spectral and tonal changes to quite successfully model boundaries between structural sections. However, the effects of musical expertise and experimental task on computational modelling of structure are not yet well understood. These issues need to be addressed to better understand how liste…
Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening
Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller,…
Emotion-driven encoding of music preference and personality in dance
Thirty rhythmic music excerpts were presented to 60 individuals. Dance movements to each excerpt were recorded using an optical motion-capture system, preference for each excerpt recorded on a 5-point Likert scale, and personality assessed using the 44-item version of the Big Five Inventory. From the movement data, a large number of postural, kinematic and kinetic features were extracted, a subset of which were chosen for further analysis using s…
Diurnal changes in the perception of emotions in music: Does the time of day matter
According to the Hindustani music tradition, the ability of a song to induce certain emotions depends on the time of day: playing a song at the right time is said to maximise its emotional effect. The present exploratory study investigated this claim by combining findings in chronobiology, mood research and music perception. It has already been established that some aspects of our mood fluctuations follow a cyclical pattern. Besides, it is a know…
Perception of emotional content in musical performances by 3–7-year-old children
The emotional content expressed through musical performance has become a widely-discussed topic in music psychology during the past two decades. However, empirical evidence regarding children’s abilities in interpreting the emotional content of a musical performance is sparse. We investigated 3–7-year-old children’s abilities to interpret the emotional content expressed through performance features in music. Short musical pieces previously rated …
Effects of the Big Five and musical genre on music-induced movement
Motivic matching strategies for automated pattern extraction
This article proposes an approach to the problem of automated extraction of motivic patterns in monodies. Different musical dimensions, restricted in current approaches to the most prominent melodic and rhythmic features at the surface level, are defined. The proposed strategy of detection of repeated patterns consists of an exact matching of the successive parameters forming the motives. We suggest a generalization of the multiple-viewpoint appr…
Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach
The present study sought to identify relationships between musical features of music therapy improvisations and clients' level of mental retardation, using a computationally-based method of analysis. 216 improvisations, contributed by 50 clients, were collected in MIDI format. Clients were divided into four groups according to their level of diagnosed mental retardation: 1 = none, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe or profound. 43 client-related …
A Method for Modeling Finite Width Excitation in Physical Modeling Sound Synthesis of Bowed Strings
In this article, a new method for modeling the excitation of bowed string instruments in digital physical modeling sound synthesis is presented. The method, referred to as fractional variable excitation point (FVEP) model, is based on physical modeling by digital waveguides (DWG). The FVEP model applies the fractional delay (FD) technique to the excitation of a finite width region of the bowed string. The method is applied to a physical model of …
Real-Time Recognition of Improvisations with Adaptive Oscillators and a Recursive Bayesian Classifier
Understanding and following musical improvisations with a computer requires methods different from those needed when following score-based musical performances. This paper discusses questions related to interactive music systems for the recognition and accompaniment of tonal improvisations. This includes discussion about rhythmic parsing and harmonic analysis with a recursive Bayesian classifier. Finally, a real-time MIDI system for identifying a…
The Effect of Metre on the Use of Tones in Jazz Improvisation
Syncopations and polyrhythms are usually considered quite common in jazz. Therefore, it would seem possible that in addition to basic metrical structures there are also other relatively strong sub-structures caused, for example, by extensive syncopations. In this study the effect of metre on the use of tones in bebop style jazz improvisations was examined. In particular, it was investigated whether there are other periodicities in addition to the…
Optimizing auditory images and distance metrics for self-organizing timbre maps
The effect of using different auditory images and distance metrics on the final configuration of a self‐organized timbre map is examined by comparing distance matrices, obtained from simulations, with a similarity rating matrix, obtained using the same set of stimuli as in the simulations. Gradient images, which are intended to represent idealizations of physiological gradient maps in the auditory pathway, are constructed. The optimal auditory im…
Effects of the Big Five and musical genre on music-induced movement
Optimizing auditory images and distance metrics for self-organizing timbre maps
The effect of using different auditory images and distance metrics on the final configuration of a self‐organized timbre map is examined by comparing distance matrices, obtained from simulations, with a similarity rating matrix, obtained using the same set of stimuli as in the simulations. Gradient images, which are intended to represent idealizations of physiological gradient maps in the auditory pathway, are constructed. The optimal auditory im…
Musical timbre: Similarity ratings correlate with computational feature space distances
Tarahe paper compares mappings of a set of synthetic timbre stimuli on a Kohonen self‐organizing topology and the distance matrix derived from subjects' similarity ratings concerning the same stimuli. Significant correlation is reported between the two domains. This result is interpreted to provide support for a more general hypothesis implicit in many current connectionist studies, namely that to represent is to project complexes of multidimensi…
Real-Time Recognition of Improvisations with Adaptive Oscillators and a Recursive Bayesian Classifier
Understanding and following musical improvisations with a computer requires methods different from those needed when following score-based musical performances. This paper discusses questions related to interactive music systems for the recognition and accompaniment of tonal improvisations. This includes discussion about rhythmic parsing and harmonic analysis with a recursive Bayesian classifier. Finally, a real-time MIDI system for identifying a…
Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening
Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller,…
Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach
The present study sought to identify relationships between musical features of music therapy improvisations and clients' level of mental retardation, using a computationally-based method of analysis. 216 improvisations, contributed by 50 clients, were collected in MIDI format. Clients were divided into four groups according to their level of diagnosed mental retardation: 1 = none, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe or profound. 43 client-related …
Musical timbre: Similarity ratings correlate with computational feature space distances
Tarahe paper compares mappings of a set of synthetic timbre stimuli on a Kohonen self‐organizing topology and the distance matrix derived from subjects' similarity ratings concerning the same stimuli. Significant correlation is reported between the two domains. This result is interpreted to provide support for a more general hypothesis implicit in many current connectionist studies, namely that to represent is to project complexes of multidimensi…
Optimizing auditory images and distance metrics for self-organizing timbre maps
The effect of using different auditory images and distance metrics on the final configuration of a self‐organized timbre map is examined by comparing distance matrices, obtained from simulations, with a similarity rating matrix, obtained using the same set of stimuli as in the simulations. Gradient images, which are intended to represent idealizations of physiological gradient maps in the auditory pathway, are constructed. The optimal auditory im…
The Effect of Metre on the Use of Tones in Jazz Improvisation
Syncopations and polyrhythms are usually considered quite common in jazz. Therefore, it would seem possible that in addition to basic metrical structures there are also other relatively strong sub-structures caused, for example, by extensive syncopations. In this study the effect of metre on the use of tones in bebop style jazz improvisations was examined. In particular, it was investigated whether there are other periodicities in addition to the…
Real-Time Recognition of Improvisations with Adaptive Oscillators and a Recursive Bayesian Classifier
Understanding and following musical improvisations with a computer requires methods different from those needed when following score-based musical performances. This paper discusses questions related to interactive music systems for the recognition and accompaniment of tonal improvisations. This includes discussion about rhythmic parsing and harmonic analysis with a recursive Bayesian classifier. Finally, a real-time MIDI system for identifying a…
A Method for Modeling Finite Width Excitation in Physical Modeling Sound Synthesis of Bowed Strings
In this article, a new method for modeling the excitation of bowed string instruments in digital physical modeling sound synthesis is presented. The method, referred to as fractional variable excitation point (FVEP) model, is based on physical modeling by digital waveguides (DWG). The FVEP model applies the fractional delay (FD) technique to the excitation of a finite width region of the bowed string. The method is applied to a physical model of …
Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach
The present study sought to identify relationships between musical features of music therapy improvisations and clients' level of mental retardation, using a computationally-based method of analysis. 216 improvisations, contributed by 50 clients, were collected in MIDI format. Clients were divided into four groups according to their level of diagnosed mental retardation: 1 = none, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe or profound. 43 client-related …
Motivic matching strategies for automated pattern extraction
This article proposes an approach to the problem of automated extraction of motivic patterns in monodies. Different musical dimensions, restricted in current approaches to the most prominent melodic and rhythmic features at the surface level, are defined. The proposed strategy of detection of repeated patterns consists of an exact matching of the successive parameters forming the motives. We suggest a generalization of the multiple-viewpoint appr…
Effects of the Big Five and musical genre on music-induced movement
Perception of emotional content in musical performances by 3–7-year-old children
The emotional content expressed through musical performance has become a widely-discussed topic in music psychology during the past two decades. However, empirical evidence regarding children’s abilities in interpreting the emotional content of a musical performance is sparse. We investigated 3–7-year-old children’s abilities to interpret the emotional content expressed through performance features in music. Short musical pieces previously rated …
Emotion-driven encoding of music preference and personality in dance
Thirty rhythmic music excerpts were presented to 60 individuals. Dance movements to each excerpt were recorded using an optical motion-capture system, preference for each excerpt recorded on a 5-point Likert scale, and personality assessed using the 44-item version of the Big Five Inventory. From the movement data, a large number of postural, kinematic and kinetic features were extracted, a subset of which were chosen for further analysis using s…
Diurnal changes in the perception of emotions in music: Does the time of day matter
According to the Hindustani music tradition, the ability of a song to induce certain emotions depends on the time of day: playing a song at the right time is said to maximise its emotional effect. The present exploratory study investigated this claim by combining findings in chronobiology, mood research and music perception. It has already been established that some aspects of our mood fluctuations follow a cyclical pattern. Besides, it is a know…
Musical expertise modulates functional connectivity of limbic regions during continuous music listening
Music is known to be an important facet of all human cultures (Merriam, 1964). Listening to music in order to influence moods, evoke strong emotions, and derive pleasure is becoming increasingly common, especially in this day and age when access to music is easy and quick. In recent years, exploring the neural correlates of musical emotions has attracted the attention of neuroscientists (Brattico & Pearce, 2013; Koelsch, Fritz, v. Cramon, Muller,…
Interaction features for prediction of perceptual segmentation: Effects of musicianship and experimental task
As music unfolds in time, structure is recognised and understood by listeners, regardless of their level of musical expertise. A number of studies have found spectral and tonal changes to quite successfully model boundaries between structural sections. However, the effects of musical expertise and experimental task on computational modelling of structure are not yet well understood. These issues need to be addressed to better understand how liste…
Embodiment in Electronic Dance Music: Effects of musical content and structure on body movement
Electronic dance music (EDM) is music produced with the foremost aim to make people move. While research has revealed relationships between movement features and, for example, musical, emotional, or personality characteristics, systematic investigations of genre differences and specifically of EDM are rather rare. This article aims at offering insights into the embodiment of EDM from three different angles: first from a genre-comparison perspecti…
Dance to your own drum: Identification of musical genre and individual dancer from motion capture using machine learning
Machine learning has been used to accurately classify musical genre using features derived from audio signals. Musical genre, as well as lower-level audio features of music, have also been shown to influence music-induced movement, however, the degree to which such movements are genre-specific has not been explored. The current paper addresses this using motion capture data from participants dancing freely to eight genres. Using a Support Vector …
Emotions of music listening in Finland and in India: Comparison of an individualistic and a collectivistic culture
Music is appreciated for emotional reasons across cultures, but knowledge on the cross-cultural similarities and differences of music-evoked emotions is still sparse. The current study compared music-evoked emotions in Finland and in India, contextualizing them within the perceived psychological functionality of music in an individualistic versus collectivistic culture. Participants ( N = 230) answered an online survey on music-evoked emotions an…
Embodied Meter Revisited
Previous research has shown that humans tend to embody musical meter at multiple beat levels during spontaneous dance. This work that been based on identifying typical periodic movement patterns, or eigenmovements, and has relied on time-domain analyses. The current study: 1) presents a novel method of using time-frequency analysis in conjunction with group-level tensor decomposition; 2) compares its results to time-domain analysis, and 3) invest…
Rhythm and Reading Abilities
This study was conducted to investigate the previously indicated causal relationship between reading impairment and difficulties in rhythm perception in an adult sample. In our study the comparison was made between the family risk for dyslexia and the no-risk for dyslexia groups to assess the possibility of shared risk factors. We hypothesized that a relationship exists between reading deficits and lower performance in rhythm perception within th…
Musical interaction in music therapy for depression treatment
Music therapy is efficacious for the treatment of depression. Compared to other psychotherapeutic forms, it allows for the emergence of various modes of mutual interaction, thus enabling multiple channels for emotional expression and fostering therapeutic alliance. Although musical interaction patterns between client and therapist have been regarded as predictors of therapeutic outcome in depression, this has not yet been systematically investiga…
Music therapeutic emotional processing (MEP): Expression, awareness, and pain predict therapeutic outcome
Successful emotional processing is pivotal for the therapeutic change, and music can support emotional processing. However, we know little on how music-based emotional processing actually predicts clinical outcomes. This study investigated music therapeutic emotional processing (MEP) as a predictor of therapeutic outcome in treatment for depression. Data consisted of self-reports of 64 clients (age range 19–57, 74% female) from a clinical trial (…
The algorithmic nature of song-sequencing: Statistical regularities in music albums
Based on a review of anecdotal beliefs, we explored statistical patterns of track-sequencing within a large set of released music albums. We found that songs with high levels of valence, energy and loudness are more likely to be positioned at the beginning of each album. We also found that transitions between consecutive tracks tend to alternate between increases and decreases of valence and energy. These findings were used to build a system whic…
Groove as a multidimensional participatory experience
Groove is a popular and widely used concept in the field of music. Yet, its precise definition remains elusive. Upon closer inspection, groove appears to be used as an umbrella term with various connotations depending on the musical era, the musical context, and the individual using the term. Our aim in this article was to explore different definitions and connotations of the term groove so as to reach a more detailed understanding of it. Consequ…
Emotional and musical factors combined with song-specific age predict the subjective autobiographical saliency of music in older adults
Music that evokes strong emotional responses is often experienced as autobiographically salient. Through emotional experience, the musical features of songs could also contribute to their subjective autobiographical saliency. Songs which have been popular during adolescence or young adulthood (ages 10–30) are more likely to evoke stronger memories, a phenomenon known as a reminiscence bump. In the present study, we sought to determine how song-sp…
Beauty is in the brain networks of the beholder: An exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Listening to music while appreciating its beauty is a common activity in daily life. Only a few studies have explored the association between such aesthetic processes with brain activity and the related patterns of brain connectivity states. Here, we exploratorily applied a recent algorithm for extracting the dynamic changes in time-varying functional connectivity (FC) by measuring functional magnetic resonance imaging responses from 36 participa…
Exploring the nature of music-evoked autobiographical memories in healthy aging: A mixed-methods study
Autobiographical memories play a significant role in shaping a sense of self and are essential for normal functioning on a daily basis. Music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) are memories of past events that are triggered by music, often involuntarily. In this study, we had two aims: (1) to explore the qualitative characteristics of MEAMs in healthy aging and (2) to analyze possible relationships between types of MEAM and the emotions evo…
Neuroscience and Music Perception (22 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Musical (12 works) · Cognitive psychology (11 works) · Music Therapy and Health (11 works) · Art (9 works) · Music and Audio Processing (9 works) · Music Technology and Sound Studies (9 works) · Visual arts (9 works)