K M Johnson
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 2010 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | K M Johnson |
| NOMBRES | K M |
| APELLIDO | Johnson |
| FIRMA | JOHNSON K M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of New Hampshire |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5621-0312 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 993 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1971 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Rural Demographic Change in the Pandemic Era
This research documents nonmetropolitan demographic trends in the era of the COVID pandemic. The rural population grew between 2020 and 2025, in contrast to a population loss between 2010 and 2020. This recent population gain occurred even though rural deaths exceeded births by a substantial margin, due to increased mortality during the pandemic. Deaths exceeded births in 81% of the rural counties, the most in history. The rural population gain w…
The Grace of the Quotidian
Postcolonial literature was a pathbreaking literary genre as it helped undermine many of the universalist claims which Eurocentric discourses came up with. Rather than seeking validation from European literary models, it attempted to forge a form and theme of its own. Thus, it endeavoured to be counter cultural. Within the larger arena of Postcolonial literature, attempts have been made by several writers to embrace the sensibility of Avant-Gardi…
Depopulation, Deaths, Diversity, and Deprivation
This article uses recently released data from the 2020 Census, along with earlier censuses, to document the geographic spread of several signature dimensions of rural demographic change over the past three decades. These include depopulation, deaths, diversity, and deprivation—the 4Ds—which are now reshaping rural America, perhaps as never before. Rural America is at a crossroads. Since 1990, nonmetro counties have diverged along two tracks, one …
Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline
The authors redress the commonplace narrative of rural decline. Data from the decennial censuses since 1980 reveal that rural growth is often counted as metro growth; that is, it is added to the expanding universe of metro counties. First, nonmetro counties (defined in 1980) grew from 55 million people in 1980 to roughly 70 million in 2020. Yet, because of nonmetro-to-metro reclassification, the 2020 census reports a nonmetro population of only 4…
Population Redistribution Trends in Nonmetropolitan America, 2010 to 2021☆
Given the turbulent conditions of the early 21st century and the release of data from the 2020 Census, it is an appropriate time to examine contemporary population redistribution trends in nonmetropolitan America. Analysis centers on the major demographic components of population change: migration; and natural increase. The analysis demonstrates that the turbulent economic, social, and now epidemiological conditions of recent years altered tradit…
Opportunity and Place
We examine the spatial distribution of Hispanic children and analyze its relationship to the geography of opportunity. We describe the spatial distribution of Hispanic children across all U.S. counties, document their exposure to salutary and deleterious conditions, and compare exposure to these conditions among children living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties that represent traditional and new destinations for immigrants. We find cle…
The Rural-Urban Continuum of Polarization
This study of the 2018 congressional midterms demonstrates how voting patterns and political attitudes vary across a spectrum of urban and rural areas in the United States. Rural America is no more a monolith than is urban America. The rural-urban gradient is better represented by a continuum than a dichotomy. This is evident in the voting results in 2018, just as it was in 2016. We found that the political tipping point lies beyond major metropo…
A Demographic Lifeline? Immigration and Hispanic Population Growth in Rural America
Metropolitan Reclassification and the Urbanization of Rural America
We highlight the paradoxical implications of decadal reclassification of U.S. counties (and America’s population) from nonmetropolitan to metropolitan status between 1960 and 2017. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we show that the reclassification of U.S. counties has been a significant engine of metropolitan growth and nonmetropolitan decline. Over the study period, 753—or nearly 25% of all nonmetropolitan counties—were redefined by the O…
Subnational Non-Hispanic White Natural Decrease in the United States
This research is the first to examine the prevalence and dynamics of non-Hispanic white natural decrease in fine scale subregional units of the United States. In 2015, more non-Hispanic Whites died than were born in 65 percent of the US counties. This is the highest incidence of non-Hispanic white natural decrease ever reported. It results from a complex interaction among fertility, mortality, and migration over a protracted period. Spatial regre…
As Births Diminish and Deaths Increase, Natural Decrease becomes More Widespread in Rural America
Even before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. population growth rate last year was the lowest in 100 years. And, from 2010 to 2019 nonmetropolitan America lost population for the first time in history. Diminished natural increase was a major contributor to this and also accelerated the incidence of natural decrease (more deaths than births), particularly in rural America. Deaths exceeded births in 46 percent of all U.S. counties-a near…
The Impact Of Population Change On Business Activity In Rural America
Dr. Johnson moves beyond the existing literature on rural-urban population shifts during the past forty years to examine the effects of those shifts on the business infrastructure that supplies goods and services to rural areas in the United States. First establishing a historical demographic context to serve as a backdrop, he provides a detailed longitudinal treatment on the linkage between population change and the rural commercial infrastructu…
Rural Depopulation
This article highlights the rise and geographic spread of depopulation in rural America over the past century. 'Depopulation' refers to chronic population losses that prevent counties from returning to an earlier period of peak population size. In this article, we identify 746 depopulating counties-mostly nonmetropolitan-representing 24 percent of all U.S. counties. More than 46 percent of remote rural counties are depopulating compared to 24 per…
Political Polarization along the Rural-Urban Continuum? The Geography of the Presidential Vote, 2000-2016
This article documents the diversity of political attitudes and voting patterns along the urban-rural continuum of the United States. We find that America's rural and urban interface, in terms of political attitudes and voting patterns, is just beyond the outer edges of large urban areas and through the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton performed well in densely populated areas on the urban sid…
Frozen in Place
Diverging Demography
Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum
This study analyzes the impact of migration on ethnoracial segregation among U.S. counties. Using county-level net migration estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin from 1990-2000 and 2000-2010, we estimate migration's impact on segregation by age and across space. Overall, migration served to integrate ethnoracial groups in both decades, whereas differences in natural population change (increase/decrease) would have increased segregation. Ag…
Hispanics at the Starting Line
High rates of Hispanic fertility raise an important question: Do Hispanic newborn babies start life's race behind the starting line, poor and disadvantaged? To address this question, we link the newborn infants identified with the new fertility question in the 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) to the poverty status of mothers. Our results document the disproportionately large share (40 percent) of Hispanic babies who are born into poverty…
More Deaths Than Births
This article examines the prevalence and dynamics of natural decrease in the subnational populations of Europe and the United States. Natural decrease results from interactions between fertility, mortality, and migration over a protracted period. We document the greater incidence and degree of natural decrease in Europe. In the first decade of the twenty‐first century, natural decrease occurred in 58 percent of European NUTS 3 areas (“counties”) …
Red rural, blue rural? Presidential voting patterns in a changing rural America
Migration signatures across the decades
BACKGROUND: Migration is the primary population redistribution process in the United States. Selective migration by age, race/ethnic group, and spatial location governs population integration, affects community and economic development, contributes to land use change, and structures service needs. OBJECTIVE: Delineate historical net migration patterns by age, race/ethnic, and rural-urban dimensions for United States counties. METHODS: Net migrati…
Spatial and temporal residential density patterns from 1940 to 2000 in and around the Northern Forest of the Northeastern United States
Hispanic Assimilation and Fertility in New U.S. Destinations
This paper evaluates comparative patterns of fertility in new Hispanic destinations and established gateways using pooled cross-sectional data from the 2005–2009 microdata files of the American Community Survey. Changing Hispanic fertility provides a useful indicator of cultural incorporation. Analyses show that high fertility among Hispanics has been driven in part by the Mexican origin and other new immigrant populations (e.g., non-citizens, th…
The Continuing Incidence of Natural Decrease in American Counties
In 2002, more American counties (985) experienced natural decrease than at any time in the nation's history. The incidence of natural decrease has diminished since then, but remains near record levels. It is most common in rural areas remote from metropolitan centers. Spatial concentrations exist in the Great Plains, Corn Belt, and East Texas, with scattered pockets in the Ozark-Ouachita Uplands, Upper Great Lakes, and Florida. A multivariate spa…
Growing Diversity among America's Children and Youth
This study documents the changing racial and ethnic mix of America's children. Specifically, we focus on the unusually rapid shifts in the composition and changing spatial distribution of America's young people between 2000 and 2008. Minorities grew to 43 percent of all children and youth, up from 38.5 percent only eight years earlier. In 1990, this figure stood at 33 percent. Among 0-4-year-olds, 47 percent of all children were minority in 2008.…
Rural Depopulation
This article highlights the rise and geographic spread of depopulation in rural America over the past century. 'Depopulation' refers to chronic population losses that prevent counties from returning to an earlier period of peak population size. In this article, we identify 746 depopulating counties-mostly nonmetropolitan-representing 24 percent of all U.S. counties. More than 46 percent of remote rural counties are depopulating compared to 24 per…
Immigrant Gateways and Hispanic Migration to New Destinations
Our understanding of the underlying demographic components of population change in new Hispanic destinations is limited. In this paper, we (1) compare Hispanic migration patterns in traditional settlement areas with new growth in emerging Hispanic destinations; (2) examine the role of immigration vis-à-vis domestic migration in spurring Hispanic population redistribution; and (3) document patterns of migrant selectivity, distinguishing between in…
Emerging Rural Settlement Patterns and the Geographic Redistribution of America's New Immigrants
This paper analyzes geographic patterns of population concentration and deconcentration among the foreign-born population during the 1990-2000 period. A goal is to examine whether the foreign-born population, including recent arrivals, are dispersing geographically from metro gateway cities into rural and other less densely populated parts of the country. The paper also evaluates the so-called balkanization hypothesis, which is that immigration f…
Political Polarization along the Rural-Urban Continuum? The Geography of the Presidential Vote, 2000-2016
This article documents the diversity of political attitudes and voting patterns along the urban-rural continuum of the United States. We find that America's rural and urban interface, in terms of political attitudes and voting patterns, is just beyond the outer edges of large urban areas and through the suburban counties of smaller metropolitan areas. Both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton performed well in densely populated areas on the urban sid…
The Recent Revival of Widespread Population Growth in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the United States1
Population growth was widespread in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas of the United States during the early 1990s. More than 64 percent of the 2,277 nonmetro counties gained population between 1990 and 1992, compared with only 45 percent in the 1980s. The nonmetro population still grew at a slower pace than did the metropolitan population, but the gap was much narrower than during the 1980s. Net migration gains accounted for 43 percent of the tota…
The Changing Spatial Concentration of America's Rural Poor Population
This paper documents changing patterns of concentrated poverty in nonmetro areas. Data from the Decennial U.S. Census Summary Files show that poverty rates-both overall and for children-declined more rapidly in nonmetro than metro counties in the 1990s. The 1990s also brought large reductions in the number of high-poverty nonmetro counties and declines in the share of rural people, including rural poor people, who were living in them. This sugges…
Continuity and Change in Rural Migration Patterns, 1950-1995
During the past several decades, rural America has experienced turbulent demographic change. We examine rural age-specific migration data for 1950 to 1995 to ascertain whether the numerous economic, social, and technological factors buffeting nonmetropolitan America have altered migration patterns across age groups and types of counties. Both continuity and change are evident in the analysis. We find differentiation in the migration profiles of c…
Growing Diversity among America's Children and Youth
This study documents the changing racial and ethnic mix of America's children. Specifically, we focus on the unusually rapid shifts in the composition and changing spatial distribution of America's young people between 2000 and 2008. Minorities grew to 43 percent of all children and youth, up from 38.5 percent only eight years earlier. In 1990, this figure stood at 33 percent. Among 0-4-year-olds, 47 percent of all children were minority in 2008.…
Natural Increase
Updated US Census Bureau estimates and race/ethnic‐specific birth and death data for the post‐2000 period are used to highlight the increasing role of natural increase as an engine of population growth in emerging Hispanic destinations. Newly emerging Hispanic growth areas are distinguished from established and high‐growth areas from the 1990s. The findings document that recent Hispanic population gains have been generated increasingly by natural…
Paradoxes, Double Binds, and Reflexive Loops
This article presents a new theory of refiexivity in systems of social meaning and action. It is argued that Russell's Theory of Logical Types, which formed the basis of the early work of the Palo Alto group, rests upon an inappropriate and largely outdated epistemology. The theory offered here rejects the assumption that reflexivity and paradox are coterminous. It is further argued that reflexivity is a natural and necessary feature of human sys…
Temporal and spatial variation in age-specific net migration in the United States
As fertility differences in the United States diminish, population redistribution trends are increasingly dependent on migration. This research used newly developed county-level age-specific net migration estimates for the 1990s, supplemented with longitudinal age-specific migration data spanning the prior 40 years, to ascertain whether there are clear longitudinal trends in age-specific net migration and to determine if there is spatial clusteri…
Red rural, blue rural? Presidential voting patterns in a changing rural America
The Continuing Incidence of Natural Decrease in American Counties
In 2002, more American counties (985) experienced natural decrease than at any time in the nation's history. The incidence of natural decrease has diminished since then, but remains near record levels. It is most common in rural areas remote from metropolitan centers. Spatial concentrations exist in the Great Plains, Corn Belt, and East Texas, with scattered pockets in the Ozark-Ouachita Uplands, Upper Great Lakes, and Florida. A multivariate spa…
The identification of recreational counties in nonmetropolitan areas of the USA
Demographic Change in Nonmetropolitan America, 1980 to 19901
Between 1980 and 1990, the nonmetropolitan population grew by 3.7 percent. Natural increase accounted for the entire population gain, offsetting a small migration loss (1.7%). A significant net loss of young adults from nonmetropolitan areas was only partially offset by an influx of older adults. The net gain through natural increase was small by historical standards and natural decrease became more common. The demographic trends of the 1980s wer…
Diverging Demography
Hispanic Assimilation and Fertility in New U.S. Destinations
This paper evaluates comparative patterns of fertility in new Hispanic destinations and established gateways using pooled cross-sectional data from the 2005–2009 microdata files of the American Community Survey. Changing Hispanic fertility provides a useful indicator of cultural incorporation. Analyses show that high fertility among Hispanics has been driven in part by the Mexican origin and other new immigrant populations (e.g., non-citizens, th…
Recent Nonmetropolitan Population Change in Fifty-Year Perspective
Post-1970 nonmetropolitan population shifts are examined by dividing nonmetropolitan counties into ten cohorts based on the duration and direction of consistent population change since 1920. Analysis indicates that the post-1970 gains reported by Beale are pervasive in nonmetropolitan America, occurring even in a majority of the counties that lost population consistently from 1920 to 1970.Growth was greatest in counties adjacent to metropolitan a…
Local Government Fiscal Burden in Nonmetropolitan America1
Rising fiscal pressure on local governments in rural areas of the United States is documented in this study. The level of fiscal burden on taxpayers to support local governments in nonmetropolitan areas is found to be higher than that in metropolitan areas between 1977 and 1987. Using a model from the urban fiscal literature, the level of fiscal burden in nonmetropolitan areas is found to be influenced by a combination of demographic, socioeconom…
Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline
The authors redress the commonplace narrative of rural decline. Data from the decennial censuses since 1980 reveal that rural growth is often counted as metro growth; that is, it is added to the expanding universe of metro counties. First, nonmetro counties (defined in 1980) grew from 55 million people in 1980 to roughly 70 million in 2020. Yet, because of nonmetro-to-metro reclassification, the 2020 census reports a nonmetro population of only 4…
Frozen in Place
Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum
This study analyzes the impact of migration on ethnoracial segregation among U.S. counties. Using county-level net migration estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin from 1990-2000 and 2000-2010, we estimate migration's impact on segregation by age and across space. Overall, migration served to integrate ethnoracial groups in both decades, whereas differences in natural population change (increase/decrease) would have increased segregation. Ag…
Migration signatures across the decades
BACKGROUND: Migration is the primary population redistribution process in the United States. Selective migration by age, race/ethnic group, and spatial location governs population integration, affects community and economic development, contributes to land use change, and structures service needs. OBJECTIVE: Delineate historical net migration patterns by age, race/ethnic, and rural-urban dimensions for United States counties. METHODS: Net migrati…
As Births Diminish and Deaths Increase, Natural Decrease becomes More Widespread in Rural America
Even before the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the U.S. population growth rate last year was the lowest in 100 years. And, from 2010 to 2019 nonmetropolitan America lost population for the first time in history. Diminished natural increase was a major contributor to this and also accelerated the incidence of natural decrease (more deaths than births), particularly in rural America. Deaths exceeded births in 46 percent of all U.S. counties-a near…
Population Trends in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan America
The Economics of Containerisation
Journal Article Johnson (K. M.) and Garnett (H. C.). The Economics of Containerisation Get access The Economics of Containerisation. By K. M. Johnson and H. C. Garnett. University of Glasgow Social and Economic Studies 20. (London: Allen and Unwin, 1971. Pp. 216. £3.75.) B. M. Deakin B. M. Deakin Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, …
The Effects of Cannabinoids on Rat Brain Synaptosomes
Recent Nonmetropolitan Population Change in Fifty-Year Perspective
Post-1970 nonmetropolitan population shifts are examined by dividing nonmetropolitan counties into ten cohorts based on the duration and direction of consistent population change since 1920. Analysis indicates that the post-1970 gains reported by Beale are pervasive in nonmetropolitan America, occurring even in a majority of the counties that lost population consistently from 1920 to 1970.Growth was greatest in counties adjacent to metropolitan a…
Paradoxes, Double Binds, and Reflexive Loops
This article presents a new theory of refiexivity in systems of social meaning and action. It is argued that Russell's Theory of Logical Types, which formed the basis of the early work of the Palo Alto group, rests upon an inappropriate and largely outdated epistemology. The theory offered here rejects the assumption that reflexivity and paradox are coterminous. It is further argued that reflexivity is a natural and necessary feature of human sys…
New Directions in Urban-Rural Migration
Organization Adjustment to Population Change in Nonmetropolitan America
The impact of population change on retailing is examined using longitudinal data for nonmetropolitan counties. Analysis confirms the ecological expectation that population change cannot prevail for long without concomitant adjustments in organization structure. Such adjustments became pronounced as the magnitude and duration of consistent population change increased. As income rose, retail sales grew whether a county gained or lost population: ho…
The Changing Rural Village in America
The Impact of Population Change on Business Activity in Rural America
The Impact of Population Change on Business Activity in Rural America
Demographic Change in Nonmetropolitan America, 1980 to 19901
Between 1980 and 1990, the nonmetropolitan population grew by 3.7 percent. Natural increase accounted for the entire population gain, offsetting a small migration loss (1.7%). A significant net loss of young adults from nonmetropolitan areas was only partially offset by an influx of older adults. The net gain through natural increase was small by historical standards and natural decrease became more common. The demographic trends of the 1980s wer…
The Recent Revival of Widespread Population Growth in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the United States1
Population growth was widespread in nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas of the United States during the early 1990s. More than 64 percent of the 2,277 nonmetro counties gained population between 1990 and 1992, compared with only 45 percent in the 1980s. The nonmetro population still grew at a slower pace than did the metropolitan population, but the gap was much narrower than during the 1980s. Net migration gains accounted for 43 percent of the tota…
Local Government Fiscal Burden in Nonmetropolitan America1
Rising fiscal pressure on local governments in rural areas of the United States is documented in this study. The level of fiscal burden on taxpayers to support local governments in nonmetropolitan areas is found to be higher than that in metropolitan areas between 1977 and 1987. Using a model from the urban fiscal literature, the level of fiscal burden in nonmetropolitan areas is found to be influenced by a combination of demographic, socioeconom…
The identification of recreational counties in nonmetropolitan areas of the USA
Continuity and Change in Rural Migration Patterns, 1950-1995
During the past several decades, rural America has experienced turbulent demographic change. We examine rural age-specific migration data for 1950 to 1995 to ascertain whether the numerous economic, social, and technological factors buffeting nonmetropolitan America have altered migration patterns across age groups and types of counties. Both continuity and change are evident in the analysis. We find differentiation in the migration profiles of c…
Mexico City
Rural Demographics Racial/Ethnic Diversification in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Population Change in the United States
The diversification of the rural population of the United States provides substantial challenges to the current and to future health care systems in rural areas. Because of a variety of historical, discriminatory, and other factors, minority populations have had lower levels of access to health care in rural as well as urban areas and higher rates of both mortality and morbidity than nonminority populations. Although minority health issues have o…
Rural Land-Use Trends in the Conterminous United States, 1950–2000
In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropol…
Population Trends in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan America
Temporal and spatial variation in age-specific net migration in the United States
As fertility differences in the United States diminish, population redistribution trends are increasingly dependent on migration. This research used newly developed county-level age-specific net migration estimates for the 1990s, supplemented with longitudinal age-specific migration data spanning the prior 40 years, to ascertain whether there are clear longitudinal trends in age-specific net migration and to determine if there is spatial clusteri…
Emerging Rural Settlement Patterns and the Geographic Redistribution of America's New Immigrants
This paper analyzes geographic patterns of population concentration and deconcentration among the foreign-born population during the 1990-2000 period. A goal is to examine whether the foreign-born population, including recent arrivals, are dispersing geographically from metro gateway cities into rural and other less densely populated parts of the country. The paper also evaluates the so-called balkanization hypothesis, which is that immigration f…
The Changing Spatial Concentration of America's Rural Poor Population
This paper documents changing patterns of concentrated poverty in nonmetro areas. Data from the Decennial U.S. Census Summary Files show that poverty rates-both overall and for children-declined more rapidly in nonmetro than metro counties in the 1990s. The 1990s also brought large reductions in the number of high-poverty nonmetro counties and declines in the share of rural people, including rural poor people, who were living in them. This sugges…
Natural Increase
Updated US Census Bureau estimates and race/ethnic‐specific birth and death data for the post‐2000 period are used to highlight the increasing role of natural increase as an engine of population growth in emerging Hispanic destinations. Newly emerging Hispanic growth areas are distinguished from established and high‐growth areas from the 1990s. The findings document that recent Hispanic population gains have been generated increasingly by natural…
Immigrant Gateways and Hispanic Migration to New Destinations
Our understanding of the underlying demographic components of population change in new Hispanic destinations is limited. In this paper, we (1) compare Hispanic migration patterns in traditional settlement areas with new growth in emerging Hispanic destinations; (2) examine the role of immigration vis-à-vis domestic migration in spurring Hispanic population redistribution; and (3) document patterns of migrant selectivity, distinguishing between in…
Growing Diversity among America's Children and Youth
This study documents the changing racial and ethnic mix of America's children. Specifically, we focus on the unusually rapid shifts in the composition and changing spatial distribution of America's young people between 2000 and 2008. Minorities grew to 43 percent of all children and youth, up from 38.5 percent only eight years earlier. In 1990, this figure stood at 33 percent. Among 0-4-year-olds, 47 percent of all children were minority in 2008.…
The Continuing Incidence of Natural Decrease in American Counties
In 2002, more American counties (985) experienced natural decrease than at any time in the nation's history. The incidence of natural decrease has diminished since then, but remains near record levels. It is most common in rural areas remote from metropolitan centers. Spatial concentrations exist in the Great Plains, Corn Belt, and East Texas, with scattered pockets in the Ozark-Ouachita Uplands, Upper Great Lakes, and Florida. A multivariate spa…
Geography (40 obras) · Demography (37 obras) · Population (37 obras) · Sociology (35 obras) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (32 obras) · Economics (28 obras) · Demography (25 obras) · Political science (22 obras) · Population growth (21 obras) · Socioeconomics (17 obras)