D Fielding
Biographic Data
| ID | 20171 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Fielding |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Fielding |
| SIGNATURE | FIELDING D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Otago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0506-4233 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 108 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Banking competition and financial inclusion: Evidence from Ethiopia
There is wide variation in the rate of financial inclusion across individual locations in Ethiopia. • We show that one important factor explaining this variation is the competitiveness of local financial markets. • Rates of inclusion are higher in locations served by the branches of many different banks. The recent literature on financial inclusion has demonstrated the importance of several characteristics of the local and national infrastructure…
L’Hypothèse Sapir
Measuring the diversity dividend for community-level health and women's empowerment in Africa
Despite the large body of evidence for a negative association between ethnic diversity and socio-economic development at the national level, there is reason to suppose that community-level diversity may be positively associated with development outcomes. For example, personal interaction with members of an out-group may facilitate the erosion of traditional social norms that inhibit the adoption of innovations that can improve the quality of life…
The long-term association between child labour and cognitive development
Child labour can deprive children of the right to a normal childhood and impair their productivity and earning capacity in later life. The relationship between child labour and cognitive development is central to these effects but has not yet been a focus of empirical research. Using panel data from Ethiopia and applying an instrumental variables estimator, we find a strong association of cognitive development with the amount of time previously s…
Contestable Credit Markets and Household Welfare: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia
This paper explores the impact of credit constraints on household welfare in Ethiopia. We use a three-wave panel dataset for rural and small-town households to estimate the effects of household borrowing constraints on two alternative indicators of household welfare: consumption expenditure and asset ownership. The presence of a constraint is treated as an endogenous regressor, using an instrumental variable based on Baumol’s theory of contestabl…
By the soil divided: The roots of geographical variation in English social conservatism
Covid-19 and the case for global development
Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity, Child Health Outcomes and Women’s Empowerment
Much of the existing literature suggests that ethnic diversity undermines economic development. However, there are also ways in which local ethnic diversity might be beneficial, and we show that in the case of Ethiopian child health, the benefits of diversity can outweigh the costs. We find that children in relatively diverse communities are better nourished and more likely to receive a full set of vaccinations. There is some evidence that one ex…
Changes in maternity leave coverage: Implications for fertility, labour force participation and child mortality
The Co-Evolution of Education and Tolerance: Evidence from England
Using data from several periods of English history and building on the literature on culture and institutions, we analyze the co-evolution of education and attitudes toward women’s and minority rights. First, we establish a strong association between the size of twenty-first-century educational institutions in a given location and the attitudes prevalent there: the proximity of a large college or university is associated with individual support f…
Traditions of Tolerance: The Long-Run Persistence of Regional Variation in Attitudes towards English Immigrants
This article builds on existing studies of the long-run persistence of geographical variation in tolerance towards other ethnicities. Using English data, the study tests whether the persistent characteristic is an attitude towards a specific ethnic group, or is an underlying cultural trait of which the attitude towards a specific group is just one expression. It finds evidence for the latter, identifying geographical variation in anti-immigrant s…
Women’s Empowerment and Wellbeing: Evidence from Africa
We use household survey data from Senegal to model the effects of empowerment within the home on married women’s wellbeing. The estimated effects of empowerment are at least as large as more conventional development indicators, such as household income. The size of the empowerment effect is robust to alternative estimation techniques, including an Instrumental Variables estimator
Cancer and the Plow
Past research has shown that the invention of the plow played a key role in human social evolution. The physical strength required to drive a plow gave men a comparative advantage in economically productive activity; this created gender norms that have persisted to the present day. However, there is an additional channel through which the invention of the plow could have influenced modern human societies: the creation of an economic environment f…
Are Survey Measures of Trust Correlated with Experimental Trust? Evidence from Cameroon
In less developed countries, there is often a low correlation between survey-based measures of interpersonal trust and experimental measures. This has caused doubt about the reliability of trust measures used to explain variations in levels of socio-economic development. Using data from rural Cameroon, we explore whether the correlation between survey and experimental trust depends on social distance, and on whether the survey questions are conte…
Giving to Africa and perceptions of poverty
The dynamics of terror during the Peruvian civil war
The international community has a declared intention to protect civilians from deliberate violence in civil conflicts. The optimal type of foreign intervention and its optimal timing are likely to depend on the combat strategies of the belligerents. Weak belligerents unable to provide economic incentives and security guarantees to civilians often follow a strategy of intimidation and terror. In this case, foreign financial support for one side co…
Aid and Dutch Disease in the South Pacific and in Other Small Island States
The impact of aid on the macro-economy is ambiguous. Aid that increases expenditure may cause real exchange rate appreciation. However, if the capital stock in the traded goods sector rises then output might not contract, and if investment in the non-traded goods sector is relatively productive then real exchange rate appreciation could be avoided. We examine aid inflows in 10 Pacific island states, and find them to produce a variety of outcomes.…
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth: Political violence and counter-insurgency in Egypt
The authors analyse newly collected time-series data measuring the dimensions of violent political conflict in Egypt. Attention is focused on the interaction between politically motivated attacks by Islamists and the counter-insurgency measures used by the Egyptian government. Both insurgency and counter-insurgency are multidimensional. Insurgency includes attacks on tourists, on Egyptian civilians and on security forces. Counter-insurgency inclu…
What Causes Changes in Opinion About the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process
In this article, the authors present a statistical analysis of the factors that have driven monthly variations in the aggregate level of support among Israeli Jews for the Oslo Peace Accords since the onset of the intifada. Using data from monthly opinion polls, they find that there is a stable relationship between the fraction of respondents supporting the peace process and variables capturing the current level of conflict intensity. Different d…
Cows and Conquistadors: A Contribution on the Colonial Origins of Comparative Development
This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and dr…
Evidence on the Functional Relationship between Relative Price Variability and Inflation with Implications for Monetary Policy
This paper considers the functional relationship between relative price variability (RPV) and inflation using quarterly personal consumer expenditure data in the US over 1967(I)–2003(I), deriving some implications for monetary policy. Non‐parametric regression techniques are used to explore the shape of the RPV function, and this shape is related to the theory outlined by J. J. Rotemberg. The empirical RPV function yields a plausible ‘optimal’ va…
Aid Volatility and Donor–Recipient Characteristics in ‘Difficult Partnership Countries’
One factor limiting aid effectiveness is its volatility. We examine aid volatility in 66 countries over 1975–2004, paying particular attention to the characteristics of ‘difficult partnership countries’ and making a distinction between sector aid and total aid. We explore whether weak recipient institutions and policies are associated with greater volatility, allowing for differences in donor characteristics. Institutional quality and macroeconom…
A simultaneous equation model of economic development and income inequality
Political Violence and Excess Liquidity in Egypt
In this article we estimate a time-series model of excess liquidity in the Egyptian banking sector. While financial liberalisation and financial stability are found to have reduced excess liquidity, these effects have been offset by an increase in the number of violent political incidents arising from conflict between radical Islamic groups and the Egyptian state. The link between political events and financial outcomes provides a rationale for e…
Do Currency Unions Deliver More Economic Integration than Fixed Exchange Rates? Evidence from the Franc Zone and the Eccu
In this article we develop a model to identify determinants of macroeconomic integration in the African Franc Zone and in Dollar-pegging Caribbean countries (including members of the East Caribbean Currency Union). These two groups of countries each comprise states using several different local currencies: on the one hand the UEMOA CFA Franc and the CEMAC CFA Franc (both pegged to the Euro), on the other the ECCU Dollar and other national Dollar-…
Covid-19 and the case for global development
Modelling Political Instability and Economic Performance: Israeli Investment during the Intifada
I construct a model of investment in Israel that incorporates both standard economic factors and indicators of political instability and unrest. The model is used to estimate both the extent to which the Intifada has depressed Israeli investment in different kinds of capital good, and the size of the corresponding ‘peace dividend’
Counting the Cost of the Intifada: Consumption, Saving and Political Instability in Israel
The dynamics of terror during the Peruvian civil war
The international community has a declared intention to protect civilians from deliberate violence in civil conflicts. The optimal type of foreign intervention and its optimal timing are likely to depend on the combat strategies of the belligerents. Weak belligerents unable to provide economic incentives and security guarantees to civilians often follow a strategy of intimidation and terror. In this case, foreign financial support for one side co…
An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth: Political violence and counter-insurgency in Egypt
The authors analyse newly collected time-series data measuring the dimensions of violent political conflict in Egypt. Attention is focused on the interaction between politically motivated attacks by Islamists and the counter-insurgency measures used by the Egyptian government. Both insurgency and counter-insurgency are multidimensional. Insurgency includes attacks on tourists, on Egyptian civilians and on security forces. Counter-insurgency inclu…
Aid Volatility and Donor–Recipient Characteristics in ‘Difficult Partnership Countries’
One factor limiting aid effectiveness is its volatility. We examine aid volatility in 66 countries over 1975–2004, paying particular attention to the characteristics of ‘difficult partnership countries’ and making a distinction between sector aid and total aid. We explore whether weak recipient institutions and policies are associated with greater volatility, allowing for differences in donor characteristics. Institutional quality and macroeconom…
Traditions of Tolerance: The Long-Run Persistence of Regional Variation in Attitudes towards English Immigrants
This article builds on existing studies of the long-run persistence of geographical variation in tolerance towards other ethnicities. Using English data, the study tests whether the persistent characteristic is an attitude towards a specific ethnic group, or is an underlying cultural trait of which the attitude towards a specific group is just one expression. It finds evidence for the latter, identifying geographical variation in anti-immigrant s…
Exchange rate regimes, inflation and output volatility in developing countries
Modelling macroeconomic shocks in the CFA Franc Zone
The Social and Economic Determinants of Voter Behaviour: Evidence from the 1992 General Election In Scotland
This paper presents a model of voter choice which embodies less restrictive assumptions than those previously applied to UK elections and opinion polls, relaxing the standard assumption of the ‘Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives’ and allowing for voters to ‘group’ electoral alternatives perceived to be particularly similar to each other. Application of the model to the Scottish General Election results for 1992 indicates that relaxation of t…
Changes in maternity leave coverage: Implications for fertility, labour force participation and child mortality
What Causes Changes in Opinion About the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process
In this article, the authors present a statistical analysis of the factors that have driven monthly variations in the aggregate level of support among Israeli Jews for the Oslo Peace Accords since the onset of the intifada. Using data from monthly opinion polls, they find that there is a stable relationship between the fraction of respondents supporting the peace process and variables capturing the current level of conflict intensity. Different d…
A simultaneous equation model of economic development and income inequality
How Does Violent Conflict Affect Investment Location Decisions? Evidence from Israel during the Intifada
Time-series data from Israel are used to investigate the dynamics of the causal links between the intensity of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and capital flight. A number of dimensions of the conflict are considered, including Israeli and Palestinian fatalities, the incidence of Green Line border closures and growth of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. Capital flight is measured as (the growth of) the fraction of their physical capi…
Social and Economic Determinants of English Voter Choice in the 1997 General Election
Manufacturing investment in South Africa: A time-series model
Giving to Africa and perceptions of poverty
Human rights, political instability and investment in south Africa: A note
Relative Price Variability and Inflation in Europe
The relationship between inflation and the relative variability of prices has been the subject of careful investigation in the United States using data for product groups at the city level. Yet in Europe, where the relationship could have profound effects on the viability of monetary integration, no attempt has been made to study the relationship. This paper fills the gap by examining data disaggregated to the commodity level across 10 EU countri…
Adjustment, trade policy and investment slumps: Evidence from Africa
Anencephalus and water hardness in south-west Lancashire
The well-known regional variation in the incidence of anencephalus in England and Wales, whereby the defect occurs more frequently in Wales and in northern England than in East Anglia and south east England, has suggested a possible relationship to water hardness (Penrose, 1957; Stocks, 1970; Fedrick, 1970). When the whole area of England and Wales is examined, a strong negative correlation is found between these two variables. In order to establ…
Investment, trade liberalisation and structural adjustment
The disappointing investment response in developing countries to World Bank Structural Adjustment Lending (SALs) is considered in the light of a theoretical model of the impact of trade liberalisation and tightening balance‐of‐payments constraints on investment. The policy reforms under SALs are not as conducive to increased investment as they may appear to be at first sight. The tendency of countries to apply for SALs when confronted with seriou…
Adjustment, trade policy and investment slumps: Evidence from Africa
Investment, Output and Interest Rate Policy when Capital is Mobile
The determination of long‐run aggregate supply is a feature which short‐run models of macroeconomic policy coordination tend to neglect but which has implications for the setting of interest rates. In this paper we develop an open‐economy model of output maximisation, where investment and capital flows are crucial determinants of output and are in turn influenced by interest rate policy and credible control of inflation. The model represents an e…
The Social and Economic Determinants of Voter Behaviour: Evidence from the 1992 General Election In Scotland
This paper presents a model of voter choice which embodies less restrictive assumptions than those previously applied to UK elections and opinion polls, relaxing the standard assumption of the ‘Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives’ and allowing for voters to ‘group’ electoral alternatives perceived to be particularly similar to each other. Application of the model to the Scottish General Election results for 1992 indicates that relaxation of t…
Manufacturing investment in South Africa: A time-series model
Social and Economic Determinants of English Voter Choice in the 1997 General Election
Relative Price Variability and Inflation in Europe
The relationship between inflation and the relative variability of prices has been the subject of careful investigation in the United States using data for product groups at the city level. Yet in Europe, where the relationship could have profound effects on the viability of monetary integration, no attempt has been made to study the relationship. This paper fills the gap by examining data disaggregated to the commodity level across 10 EU countri…
Modelling macroeconomic shocks in the CFA Franc Zone
Seigniorage revenue, deficits and self-fulfilling currency crises
Exchange rate regimes, inflation and output volatility in developing countries
Human rights, political instability and investment in south Africa: A note
Counting the Cost of the Intifada: Consumption, Saving and Political Instability in Israel
Modelling Political Instability and Economic Performance: Israeli Investment during the Intifada
I construct a model of investment in Israel that incorporates both standard economic factors and indicators of political instability and unrest. The model is used to estimate both the extent to which the Intifada has depressed Israeli investment in different kinds of capital good, and the size of the corresponding ‘peace dividend’
How Does Violent Conflict Affect Investment Location Decisions? Evidence from Israel during the Intifada
Time-series data from Israel are used to investigate the dynamics of the causal links between the intensity of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and capital flight. A number of dimensions of the conflict are considered, including Israeli and Palestinian fatalities, the incidence of Green Line border closures and growth of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. Capital flight is measured as (the growth of) the fraction of their physical capi…
Political Violence and Excess Liquidity in Egypt
In this article we estimate a time-series model of excess liquidity in the Egyptian banking sector. While financial liberalisation and financial stability are found to have reduced excess liquidity, these effects have been offset by an increase in the number of violent political incidents arising from conflict between radical Islamic groups and the Egyptian state. The link between political events and financial outcomes provides a rationale for e…
Do Currency Unions Deliver More Economic Integration than Fixed Exchange Rates? Evidence from the Franc Zone and the Eccu
In this article we develop a model to identify determinants of macroeconomic integration in the African Franc Zone and in Dollar-pegging Caribbean countries (including members of the East Caribbean Currency Union). These two groups of countries each comprise states using several different local currencies: on the one hand the UEMOA CFA Franc and the CEMAC CFA Franc (both pegged to the Euro), on the other the ECCU Dollar and other national Dollar-…
Global Politics of Regionalism: Theory and Practice
This book explores the phenomenon of regionalism. In a seeming contradiction to globalization, there is a growing tendency for countries to enter into regional arrangements as a response to the pressures of operating in a global marketplace. But regionalism is also emerging as a phenomenon in its own right, serving distinct purposes and taking different forms in different areas. The contributors explore how these patterns impact on wider issues s…
The Impact of Monetary Union on Macroeconomic Integration: Evidence from West Africa
Data from 19 African nations is used to investigate the hypothesis that monetary union—represented in this case by the CFA Franc Zone—augments the extent of macroeconomic integration. The paper covers two key dimensions of integration: the volume of bilateral trade, and the magnitude of cross‐country business cycle correlation. Restricting our attention to a part of the world in which (for historical reasons) monetary union membership is exogenou…
A simultaneous equation model of economic development and income inequality
Cows and Conquistadors: A Contribution on the Colonial Origins of Comparative Development
This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and dr…
Evidence on the Functional Relationship between Relative Price Variability and Inflation with Implications for Monetary Policy
This paper considers the functional relationship between relative price variability (RPV) and inflation using quarterly personal consumer expenditure data in the US over 1967(I)–2003(I), deriving some implications for monetary policy. Non‐parametric regression techniques are used to explore the shape of the RPV function, and this shape is related to the theory outlined by J. J. Rotemberg. The empirical RPV function yields a plausible ‘optimal’ va…
Aid Volatility and Donor–Recipient Characteristics in ‘Difficult Partnership Countries’
One factor limiting aid effectiveness is its volatility. We examine aid volatility in 66 countries over 1975–2004, paying particular attention to the characteristics of ‘difficult partnership countries’ and making a distinction between sector aid and total aid. We explore whether weak recipient institutions and policies are associated with greater volatility, allowing for differences in donor characteristics. Institutional quality and macroeconom…
What Causes Changes in Opinion About the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process
In this article, the authors present a statistical analysis of the factors that have driven monthly variations in the aggregate level of support among Israeli Jews for the Oslo Peace Accords since the onset of the intifada. Using data from monthly opinion polls, they find that there is a stable relationship between the fraction of respondents supporting the peace process and variables capturing the current level of conflict intensity. Different d…
Aid and Dutch Disease in the South Pacific and in Other Small Island States
The impact of aid on the macro-economy is ambiguous. Aid that increases expenditure may cause real exchange rate appreciation. However, if the capital stock in the traded goods sector rises then output might not contract, and if investment in the non-traded goods sector is relatively productive then real exchange rate appreciation could be avoided. We examine aid inflows in 10 Pacific island states, and find them to produce a variety of outcomes.…
Economics (36 works) · Political science (20 works) · Monetary economics (15 works) · Econometrics (14 works) · Macroeconomics (13 works) · Monetary Policy and Economic Impact (12 works) · Law (11 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Geography (10 works) · Psychology (10 works)