C E Ro
Biographic Data
| ID | 2019 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C E Ro |
| GIVEN NAMES | C E |
| FAMILY NAME | Ro |
| SIGNATURE | RO C E |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6469-8749 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 448 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 20 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Education, Interpersonal Relationships, and Health
The well-educated have more stable and supportive interpersonal relationships than do those with less schooling, which may also protect health. People with high levels of education are more likely to be married than those with less education. The well-educated are less likely to divorce, probably due to the fact that they marry later and do so under more favorable economic conditions, and they have happier and more satisfying marriages. Marriage …
Conclusion
Education improves health because it develops productive abilities. Education has a powerful influence on health for several reasons. The capacity for resource substitution is a major element of health-promoting learned effectiveness. Education is more important than standing and rank and more important than income and wealth in connecting better health with higher social status. Instead, the author found that education produces health in additio…
Education As Learned Effectiveness
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book describes that education develops habits, skills, resources, and abilities that enable people to achieve a better life. It explains human capital theory beyond the economic concerns of productivity and wages to individual health. The book suggests that education enables people to coalesce health-producing behaviors into a coheren…
Age and Cumulative Advantage
This chapter describes the two forces behind education&s;s cumulative advantages: accumulation and amplification. Education&s;s effects work the opposite way, growing with time. Accumulation refers to gathering many smaller effects into a larger one. The health-related consequences of education accumulate on many levels, from the socioeconomic down to the cellular. The socioeconomic and behavioral accumulations necessarily influence health throug…
Education, Socioeconomic Status, and Health
This chapter focuses on economic resources, education&s;s relationship to income and economic prosperity, and explores the roles of privation, hardship, and access to medical care as possible links to health. It shows education&s;s relationship to work-related statuses such as categories of employment, occupations, and their attributes, and the autonomy, creativity, and authority of the work. The chapter analyzes the correlations between health a…
Education and the Gender Gaps in Health and Mortality
The positive associations between education and health and survival are well established, but whether the strength of these associations depends on gender is not. Is the beneficial influence of education on survival and on self-rated health conditioned by gender in the same way, in opposite ways, or not at all? Because women are otherwise disadvantaged in socioeconomic resources that are inputs to health, their health and survival may depend more…
Age and the Gender Gap in the Sense of Personal Control
The theory of personal control predicts that women have a lower sense of control than men, but the evidence is equivocal. Inconsistencies in research results suggest that women's sense of control is lower than men's under some conditions, but not others. We hypothesize that the gender gap in perceived control is greater for older persons than for younger. Compared with their male counterparts, older women may face more educational, employment, ec…
Neighborhoods and Guns in Middle America
The objective of this research is to see whether characteristics of the neighborhood in which a person lives influence the likelihood of having a gun in the household. I use my 1995 “Community, Crime and Health” multilevel data set, a survey of a probability sample of 2,482 Illinois adults with linked census information on the respondent's census tract, zip code, city and county from the STF3 of the 1990 Census. Logistic regression shows that gun…
Neighborhood Disorder, Fear, and Mistrust
This paper proposes that individuals who report that they live in neighborhoods characterized by disorder—by crime, vandalism, graffiti, danger, noise, dirt, and drugs—have high levels of fear and mistrust. It further proposes that an individual's alliances and connections with neighbors can buffer the negative effects of living in a neighborhood characterized by disorder on fear and mistrust. Results from a representative sample of 2482 Illinois…
Occupations, Jobs, and the Sense of Control
Does occupation-level information reflect what people actually do at work and thus influence individuals? I examine whether there is an effect of occupation-level complexity on individuals' sense of personal control, and if there is, whether the effect is a proxy for the actual work people do on their jobs. I analyze a national probability sample of 1,450 employed persons interviewed by telephone in 1995. Without adjustment for worker's reports o…
Disorder and Decay
The authors develop and assess a scale of perceived neighborhood disorder. The scale of neighborhood disorder has high reliability, external validity, and shows interesting distinctions, and overlaps between physical and social disorder. It also shows that order and disorder are two ends of a single continuum
Refining the association between education and health
We refine the established association between education and health by distinguishing three aspects of a person s education (quantity, credential, and selectivity) and by examining the mechanisms through which they may correlate with health. Data are from the 1995 Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control Survey, a representative U.S. national telephone survey of 2,593 respondents aged 18 to 95, with an oversample of elderly. Results show that physi…
Education, Personal Control, Lifestyle and Health
The concept of human capital implies that education improves health because it increases effective agency. We propose that education's positive effects extend beyond jobs and earnings. Through education, individuals gain the ability to be effective agents in their own lives. Education improves physical functioning and self-reported health because it enhances a sense of personal control that encourages and enables a healthy lifestyle. We test thre…
Fear of victimization and health
Households, Employment, and the Sense of Control
This paper investigates how the combination of job and household circumstances modifies the association between employment and the sense of control over one's life. Data are from a 1985 sample of 809 Illinois adults. The average sense of control is greater among people with paying jobs than among those without. The difference increases with greater job autonomy and higher earnings. Not all household contexts of employment are alike, however; peop…
Social Support and Health
Public opinion about doctors' pay
Public opinion about doctors' incomes was examined in a national random sample of 843 respondents; 70.1 per cent of those questioned felt physicians are overpaid. There was a high degree of agreement among various groups that physicians are overpaid, but older people and Whites were more likely to think so than younger people and other ethnic groups. People who believe that the United States is characterized by unequal educational opportunity, un…
Components of Depressed Mood in Married Men and Women the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale1
Ross, C. E. (Dept of Sociology and College of Medicine, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champalgn, Urbana, IL 61801), and J. Mirowsky. Components of depressed mood in married men and women: The Center for Epldemlologic Studies Depression Scale. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:997–1004. The Center for Epldemlologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D) was developed to measure depressive symptoms in community populations. To be useful for epldemiologlc studies of de…
The multidimensionality of psychopathology in a community sample
Our results show that there are several distinct types of mental problems, rather than one underlying dimension of mental illness. In the past, some researchers have advocated the use of rating scales that measure global constructs such aS “mental health” or “psychological distress.” Others have advocated the diagnosis of discrete psychiatric disorders such as “depression,” “schizophrenia,” or “anxiety disorder.” Our analysis provides support for…
Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism
We examine the causes and consequences of fatalism in a cross-cultural setting, focusing on the ways in which a fatalistic world view may mediate the effects of social class and Mexican ethnic identity on psychological distress. We find that persons in the lower social classes and Mexicans tend to be more fatalistic than persons in the upper classes and Anglos, and that fatalism, in turn, increases psychological distress. We attempt to integrate …
Neighborhood Disorder, Fear, and Mistrust
This paper proposes that individuals who report that they live in neighborhoods characterized by disorder—by crime, vandalism, graffiti, danger, noise, dirt, and drugs—have high levels of fear and mistrust. It further proposes that an individual's alliances and connections with neighbors can buffer the negative effects of living in a neighborhood characterized by disorder on fear and mistrust. Results from a representative sample of 2482 Illinois…
Refining the association between education and health
We refine the established association between education and health by distinguishing three aspects of a person s education (quantity, credential, and selectivity) and by examining the mechanisms through which they may correlate with health. Data are from the 1995 Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control Survey, a representative U.S. national telephone survey of 2,593 respondents aged 18 to 95, with an oversample of elderly. Results show that physi…
Households, Employment, and the Sense of Control
This paper investigates how the combination of job and household circumstances modifies the association between employment and the sense of control over one's life. Data are from a 1985 sample of 809 Illinois adults. The average sense of control is greater among people with paying jobs than among those without. The difference increases with greater job autonomy and higher earnings. Not all household contexts of employment are alike, however; peop…
Education and the Gender Gaps in Health and Mortality
The positive associations between education and health and survival are well established, but whether the strength of these associations depends on gender is not. Is the beneficial influence of education on survival and on self-rated health conditioned by gender in the same way, in opposite ways, or not at all? Because women are otherwise disadvantaged in socioeconomic resources that are inputs to health, their health and survival may depend more…
Age and the Gender Gap in the Sense of Personal Control
The theory of personal control predicts that women have a lower sense of control than men, but the evidence is equivocal. Inconsistencies in research results suggest that women's sense of control is lower than men's under some conditions, but not others. We hypothesize that the gender gap in perceived control is greater for older persons than for younger. Compared with their male counterparts, older women may face more educational, employment, ec…
Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism
We examine the causes and consequences of fatalism in a cross-cultural setting, focusing on the ways in which a fatalistic world view may mediate the effects of social class and Mexican ethnic identity on psychological distress. We find that persons in the lower social classes and Mexicans tend to be more fatalistic than persons in the upper classes and Anglos, and that fatalism, in turn, increases psychological distress. We attempt to integrate …
Social Support and Health
Occupations, Jobs, and the Sense of Control
Does occupation-level information reflect what people actually do at work and thus influence individuals? I examine whether there is an effect of occupation-level complexity on individuals' sense of personal control, and if there is, whether the effect is a proxy for the actual work people do on their jobs. I analyze a national probability sample of 1,450 employed persons interviewed by telephone in 1995. Without adjustment for worker's reports o…
The multidimensionality of psychopathology in a community sample
Our results show that there are several distinct types of mental problems, rather than one underlying dimension of mental illness. In the past, some researchers have advocated the use of rating scales that measure global constructs such aS “mental health” or “psychological distress.” Others have advocated the diagnosis of discrete psychiatric disorders such as “depression,” “schizophrenia,” or “anxiety disorder.” Our analysis provides support for…
Neighborhoods and Guns in Middle America
The objective of this research is to see whether characteristics of the neighborhood in which a person lives influence the likelihood of having a gun in the household. I use my 1995 “Community, Crime and Health” multilevel data set, a survey of a probability sample of 2,482 Illinois adults with linked census information on the respondent's census tract, zip code, city and county from the STF3 of the 1990 Census. Logistic regression shows that gun…
The multidimensionality of psychopathology in a community sample
Our results show that there are several distinct types of mental problems, rather than one underlying dimension of mental illness. In the past, some researchers have advocated the use of rating scales that measure global constructs such aS “mental health” or “psychological distress.” Others have advocated the diagnosis of discrete psychiatric disorders such as “depression,” “schizophrenia,” or “anxiety disorder.” Our analysis provides support for…
Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism
We examine the causes and consequences of fatalism in a cross-cultural setting, focusing on the ways in which a fatalistic world view may mediate the effects of social class and Mexican ethnic identity on psychological distress. We find that persons in the lower social classes and Mexicans tend to be more fatalistic than persons in the upper classes and Anglos, and that fatalism, in turn, increases psychological distress. We attempt to integrate …
Components of Depressed Mood in Married Men and Women the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale1
Ross, C. E. (Dept of Sociology and College of Medicine, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champalgn, Urbana, IL 61801), and J. Mirowsky. Components of depressed mood in married men and women: The Center for Epldemlologic Studies Depression Scale. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:997–1004. The Center for Epldemlologic Studies' Depression Scale (CES-D) was developed to measure depressive symptoms in community populations. To be useful for epldemiologlc studies of de…
Public opinion about doctors' pay
Public opinion about doctors' incomes was examined in a national random sample of 843 respondents; 70.1 per cent of those questioned felt physicians are overpaid. There was a high degree of agreement among various groups that physicians are overpaid, but older people and Whites were more likely to think so than younger people and other ethnic groups. People who believe that the United States is characterized by unequal educational opportunity, un…
Social Support and Health
Households, Employment, and the Sense of Control
This paper investigates how the combination of job and household circumstances modifies the association between employment and the sense of control over one's life. Data are from a 1985 sample of 809 Illinois adults. The average sense of control is greater among people with paying jobs than among those without. The difference increases with greater job autonomy and higher earnings. Not all household contexts of employment are alike, however; peop…
Fear of victimization and health
Education, Personal Control, Lifestyle and Health
The concept of human capital implies that education improves health because it increases effective agency. We propose that education's positive effects extend beyond jobs and earnings. Through education, individuals gain the ability to be effective agents in their own lives. Education improves physical functioning and self-reported health because it enhances a sense of personal control that encourages and enables a healthy lifestyle. We test thre…
Disorder and Decay
The authors develop and assess a scale of perceived neighborhood disorder. The scale of neighborhood disorder has high reliability, external validity, and shows interesting distinctions, and overlaps between physical and social disorder. It also shows that order and disorder are two ends of a single continuum
Refining the association between education and health
We refine the established association between education and health by distinguishing three aspects of a person s education (quantity, credential, and selectivity) and by examining the mechanisms through which they may correlate with health. Data are from the 1995 Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control Survey, a representative U.S. national telephone survey of 2,593 respondents aged 18 to 95, with an oversample of elderly. Results show that physi…
Neighborhood Disorder, Fear, and Mistrust
This paper proposes that individuals who report that they live in neighborhoods characterized by disorder—by crime, vandalism, graffiti, danger, noise, dirt, and drugs—have high levels of fear and mistrust. It further proposes that an individual's alliances and connections with neighbors can buffer the negative effects of living in a neighborhood characterized by disorder on fear and mistrust. Results from a representative sample of 2482 Illinois…
Occupations, Jobs, and the Sense of Control
Does occupation-level information reflect what people actually do at work and thus influence individuals? I examine whether there is an effect of occupation-level complexity on individuals' sense of personal control, and if there is, whether the effect is a proxy for the actual work people do on their jobs. I analyze a national probability sample of 1,450 employed persons interviewed by telephone in 1995. Without adjustment for worker's reports o…
Neighborhoods and Guns in Middle America
The objective of this research is to see whether characteristics of the neighborhood in which a person lives influence the likelihood of having a gun in the household. I use my 1995 “Community, Crime and Health” multilevel data set, a survey of a probability sample of 2,482 Illinois adults with linked census information on the respondent's census tract, zip code, city and county from the STF3 of the 1990 Census. Logistic regression shows that gun…
Age and the Gender Gap in the Sense of Personal Control
The theory of personal control predicts that women have a lower sense of control than men, but the evidence is equivocal. Inconsistencies in research results suggest that women's sense of control is lower than men's under some conditions, but not others. We hypothesize that the gender gap in perceived control is greater for older persons than for younger. Compared with their male counterparts, older women may face more educational, employment, ec…
Education and the Gender Gaps in Health and Mortality
The positive associations between education and health and survival are well established, but whether the strength of these associations depends on gender is not. Is the beneficial influence of education on survival and on self-rated health conditioned by gender in the same way, in opposite ways, or not at all? Because women are otherwise disadvantaged in socioeconomic resources that are inputs to health, their health and survival may depend more…
Education, Interpersonal Relationships, and Health
The well-educated have more stable and supportive interpersonal relationships than do those with less schooling, which may also protect health. People with high levels of education are more likely to be married than those with less education. The well-educated are less likely to divorce, probably due to the fact that they marry later and do so under more favorable economic conditions, and they have happier and more satisfying marriages. Marriage …
Conclusion
Education improves health because it develops productive abilities. Education has a powerful influence on health for several reasons. The capacity for resource substitution is a major element of health-promoting learned effectiveness. Education is more important than standing and rank and more important than income and wealth in connecting better health with higher social status. Instead, the author found that education produces health in additio…
Education As Learned Effectiveness
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book describes that education develops habits, skills, resources, and abilities that enable people to achieve a better life. It explains human capital theory beyond the economic concerns of productivity and wages to individual health. The book suggests that education enables people to coalesce health-producing behaviors into a coheren…
Age and Cumulative Advantage
This chapter describes the two forces behind education&s;s cumulative advantages: accumulation and amplification. Education&s;s effects work the opposite way, growing with time. Accumulation refers to gathering many smaller effects into a larger one. The health-related consequences of education accumulate on many levels, from the socioeconomic down to the cellular. The socioeconomic and behavioral accumulations necessarily influence health throug…
Education, Socioeconomic Status, and Health
This chapter focuses on economic resources, education&s;s relationship to income and economic prosperity, and explores the roles of privation, hardship, and access to medical care as possible links to health. It shows education&s;s relationship to work-related statuses such as categories of employment, occupations, and their attributes, and the autonomy, creativity, and authority of the work. The chapter analyzes the correlations between health a…
Psychology (15 works) · Medicine (11 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (7 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (6 works) · Geography (5 works) · Gerontology (5 works) · Public health (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (4 works)