Tracy L Tylka
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 202232 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Tracy L Tylka |
| NOMBRES | Tracy L |
| APELLIDO | Tylka |
| FIRMA | TYLKA T L |
| AFILIACIONES | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4994-1309 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 442 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Existing and future use cases, and safety and ethical considerations for AI in body image, and eating disorder prevention
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming digital, clinical, and cultural landscapes in ways that hold significant implications for body image and eating disorder (ED) prevention. This article outlines how traditional and generative AI technologies influence societal appearance ideals as well as digital environments, including online mental health tools. While AI offers opportunities for early detection, personalized and scalable preve…
The age or size of your body doesn’t matter
While still nascent, research has yet to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the State Functionality Appreciation Scale (S-FAS; Longhurst et al., 2025) across demographic groups, beyond gender identity. Additionally, there is a need to explicitly examine the utility of Expand Your Horizon (EYH), a programme designed to target functionality appreciation, among underrepresented groups, including older adults and those who liv…
The Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2
The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) is an instrument designed to measure generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel French translation of the BAOS-2. A total of 763 French-speaking adults from Canada were asked to complete the BAOS-2, alongside additional validated measures of positive body image, psychological well-being, and eating patterns. Exploratory facto…
"I have to listen to whichever part of the body makes sense”
Intuitive eating, an adaptive approach to eating that involves listening to and trusting the body's internal cues, has been identified as an effective strategy for fostering a positive body image and enhancing physical and mental well-being. While body image scholars have extensively explored intuitive eating among the general population, extant theory and practice have yet to consider the neurodivergent community, specifically autistic/AuDHD peo…
Explaining thinness- and muscularity-oriented disordered eating in sexual minoritized men
The tripartite influence model (TIM) explains how socially-constructed appearance pressures shape body image ideals and subsequent disordered eating in diverse populations, including sexual minoritized men (SMM). Previous research on the TIM in SMM is cross-sectional. Given the implications of temporal precedence, the omission of longitudinal research on the TIM is a critical gap. Two hundred and twenty-five cisgender SMM ( M age =25.79) were rec…
A simulation-based network analysis of intervention targets for body appreciation among Chinese adolescents across gender
The Functionality Appreciation Scale
The 7-item Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) is a widely used instrument to assess functionality appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel French translation of the FAS. French-speaking Canadian adults were asked to complete the FAS and validated measures of positive body image, psychological well-being, and eating patterns. In a first split-half subsample ( n = 385), explo…
The Breast Appreciation Scale
Scholars are increasingly focused on women’s positive, embodied “breasted experienced”, which includes breast appreciation. This positive body image facet is assessed using the 9-item Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS; Swami et al., 2022), but assessments of its psychometric properties in diverse cultural communities are limited. Here, we report on the translation and validation of a French translation of the BrAS in French-Canadian women. A sample…
The Intuitive Eating Scale-3
Early memories of warmth and safeness, and current social safeness
Body appreciation and its psychological correlates
Potential contributing roles of early affiliative memories, social safeness and body appreciation to adolescents' well-being
Interpersonal and body image-related factors have been associated with adolescents' well-being. Since data on positive body image in adolescence and its relationship with well-being remain scarce, the present study explored the roles of early affiliative memories, social safeness, and body appreciation in adolescents' well-being. Path analysis' results showed that social safeness and body appreciation mediated the relationship between early affil…
Body functionality
Body functionality describes everything that the body is able to do, across diverse domains (e.g., bodily senses, creative endeavours). Nearly a decade ago, leading scholars identified research on body functionality as a priority for the body image field. The field has responded, as shown by the recent rise of body functionality research. We considered this an opportune time to (a) define body functionality (what it is and is not); (b) present th…
Translation and Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty Scale With Brazilian Women
In many countries, women are socialized to adopt a narrow definition of beauty. Research has revealed that, in the United States and China, the ability to broadly conceptualize beauty (perceive beauty in diverse body sizes, shapes, and appearances) is linked to women’s lower anti-fat attitudes, higher body appreciation, and higher well-being. In this study, we translated an existing measure of this construct, the Broad Conceptualization of Beauty…
Smile pretty and watch your back
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Nov 19 2020 (see record 2020-89294-001). In Table 4, the mean, standard deviation, and range for the Personal Safety Anxiety and Vigilance (PSAVS) variable were incorrect.] Objectification Theory posits that everyday encounters with sexual objectification carry a diffuse nonspecific sense of threat that engenders personal safety …
Mechanisms underlying weight status and healthcare avoidance in women
Recognizing the Fundamental Right to be Fat
Sizeism permeates and shapes how scientific and professional communities—including therapists—perceive, understand, and behave toward anyone considered fat. In this article, we use scientific evidence to argue for the recognition and establishment of fat acceptance to subvert sizeism. We first critically review the Weight Normative Approach, which dominates scientific discourse on weight, despite being based on sizeist assumptions that are discre…
The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS)
Is body dissatisfaction changing across time? A cross-temporal meta-analysis
It remains unclear whether body dissatisfaction, a widely recognized predictor of eating-related pathologies and depressive symptomatology, is consistent across cohorts and time. This question is important to investigate because dominant theories propose that sociocultural influences, which may fluctuate, play an important role in the development of body dissatisfaction. Previous efforts for tracking body dissatisfaction across cohorts and time a…
Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program
A weight-neutral versus weight-loss approach for health promotion in women with high BMI
The Body Appreciation Scale-2
What is and what is not positive body image? Conceptual foundations and construct definition
Is intuitive eating the same as flexible dietary control? Their links to each other and well-being could provide an answer
Maternal intuitive eating as a moderator of the association between concern about child weight and restrictive child feeding
Objectification Theory as It Relates to Disordered Eating Among College Women
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale
This study reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale (ISOS). Data from 576 college women were collected in three studies. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered two factors: Body Evaluation and Unwanted Explicit Sexual Advances; confirmatory factor analysis supported this factor structure. ISOS scores were internally consistent and stable over a 3-week period. Supporting its construct …
A Test of Objectification Theory with Lesbian Women
This study extends research on objectification theory as it applies to eating disorder symptomatology by examining whether its tenets generalize to women identifying as lesbian. Lesbian women ( N = 181) and a comparison sample of heterosexual women ( N = 196) completed measures of objectification theory constructs (interpersonal sexual objectification, body surveillance, body shame, interoceptive awareness, disordered eating). The model of object…
Racial Discrimination and Resilience in African American Young Adults
Research has indicated that racial discrimination places African Americans at risk for psychological distress, in which they experience low levels of well-being. Yet many African Americans are resilient, or have preserved well-being, when faced with this adversity. Using a strength-based approach, this study determined whether racial socialization messages preserved African Americans' resilience when experiencing racial discrimination. Results wi…
Measuring Transgender Individuals’ Comfort With Gender Identity and Appearance
Our study used the construct of congruence to conceptualize the degree to which transgender individuals feel genuine, authentic, and comfortable with their gender identity and external appearance. In Study 1, the Transgender Congruence scale (TCS) was developed, and data from 162 transgender individuals were used to estimate the reliability and validity of its scores. Two factors emerged: Appearance Congruence and Gender Identity Acceptance. TCS …
College Men's Perceptions of Ideal Body Composition and Shape
This study sought to increase professionals’ knowledge of college men’s perceptions of ideal body composition and shape by a qualitative design. Based on data obtained from 30 college men, themes and individual differences emerged. Muscularity, leanness, height, and certain body areas were highlighted and their representativeness within the data was presented. Muscularity was found to be multifaceted with 5 components, and men varied in the overa…
Integrating Social Comparison Theory and Self-Esteem within Objectification Theory to Predict Women’s Disordered Eating
Smile pretty and watch your back
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Nov 19 2020 (see record 2020-89294-001). In Table 4, the mean, standard deviation, and range for the Personal Safety Anxiety and Vigilance (PSAVS) variable were incorrect.] Objectification Theory posits that everyday encounters with sexual objectification carry a diffuse nonspecific sense of threat that engenders personal safety …
Is intuitive eating the same as flexible dietary control? Their links to each other and well-being could provide an answer
No harm in looking, right? Men’s pornography consumption, body image, and well-being
Is body dissatisfaction changing across time? A cross-temporal meta-analysis
It remains unclear whether body dissatisfaction, a widely recognized predictor of eating-related pathologies and depressive symptomatology, is consistent across cohorts and time. This question is important to investigate because dominant theories propose that sociocultural influences, which may fluctuate, play an important role in the development of body dissatisfaction. Previous efforts for tracking body dissatisfaction across cohorts and time a…
You Looking at Her “Hot” Body May Not be “Cool” for Me
Within objectification theory research, sexual objectification is typically operationalized as interpersonal sexual objectification—being targets of body evaluation and unwanted sexual advances. We argue that women’s male partners’ pornography use could be integrated within objectification theory as another form of sexual objectification and negatively linked to women’s well-being. College women ( N = 171) rated how often their current and previo…
Recognizing the Fundamental Right to be Fat
Sizeism permeates and shapes how scientific and professional communities—including therapists—perceive, understand, and behave toward anyone considered fat. In this article, we use scientific evidence to argue for the recognition and establishment of fat acceptance to subvert sizeism. We first critically review the Weight Normative Approach, which dominates scientific discourse on weight, despite being based on sizeist assumptions that are discre…
A weight-neutral versus weight-loss approach for health promotion in women with high BMI
Internalized weight stigma moderates eating behavior outcomes in women with high BMI participating in a healthy living program
Sanctioning Resistance to Sexual Objectification
In this article, we describe an integrated theoretical approach for promoting resistance to the system of sexual objectification. Drawing from system justification and objectification theories, we propose a two‐arm approach that would harness the system justification motive and adjust the lens of self‐objectification in order to facilitate social change. We suggest that it is necessary to frame a rejection of the system of sexual objectification …
Do Feminist Identity Styles Moderate the Relation Between Perceived Sexist Events and Disordered Eating
Feminist consciousness is theorized to be a powerful resource against the detrimental effects of sexism. The present study examined whether feminist identity styles moderated the relation of perceived lifetime and recent sexist events to disordered eating for 256 college women. Using hierarchical moderated regression, we found two styles of feminist identity (i.e., synthesis and active commitment) buffered the relation between perceived sexist ev…
Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem
Extant literature has suggested that entitlement stemming from masculine gender role socialization may moderate and/or mediate the relationship between gender role conflict and intrapersonal variables. This study tested this assertion with 236 college men, with body esteem serving as the intrapersonal variable. Results revealed that both conceptualizations of entitlement (i.e., self-assertive and narcissistic) moderated the relationships between …
The Intuitive Eating Scale-3
Fiction, Fashion, and Function Finale
Maternal intuitive eating as a moderator of the association between concern about child weight and restrictive child feeding
Fiction, Fashion, and Function
Fiction, Fashion, and Function Revisited
Potential contributing roles of early affiliative memories, social safeness and body appreciation to adolescents' well-being
Interpersonal and body image-related factors have been associated with adolescents' well-being. Since data on positive body image in adolescence and its relationship with well-being remain scarce, the present study explored the roles of early affiliative memories, social safeness, and body appreciation in adolescents' well-being. Path analysis' results showed that social safeness and body appreciation mediated the relationship between early affil…
Objectification Theory as It Relates to Disordered Eating Among College Women
The Body Appreciation Scale
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS)
College Men's Perceptions of Ideal Body Composition and Shape
This study sought to increase professionals’ knowledge of college men’s perceptions of ideal body composition and shape by a qualitative design. Based on data obtained from 30 college men, themes and individual differences emerged. Muscularity, leanness, height, and certain body areas were highlighted and their representativeness within the data was presented. Muscularity was found to be multifaceted with 5 components, and men varied in the overa…
Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women.
Intuitive eating (i.e., eating based on physiological hunger and satiety cues rather than situational and emotional cues) recently has gained recognition as an adaptive eating style. The present study explored a model of intuitive eating based on a foundation of acceptance with 2 samples of college women. Path analysis with the 1st sample (N = 181) revealed that the acceptance model provided an excellent fit to the data, and latent variable struc…
Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of intuitive eating.
Intuitive eating is characterized by eating based on physiological hunger and satiety cues rather than situational and emotional cues and is associated with psychological well-being. This study reports on the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES) with data collected in 4 studies from 1,260 college women. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered 3 factors: unconditional permission to eat, eating for physi…
Do Feminist Identity Styles Moderate the Relation Between Perceived Sexist Events and Disordered Eating
Feminist consciousness is theorized to be a powerful resource against the detrimental effects of sexism. The present study examined whether feminist identity styles moderated the relation of perceived lifetime and recent sexist events to disordered eating for 256 college women. Using hierarchical moderated regression, we found two styles of feminist identity (i.e., synthesis and active commitment) buffered the relation between perceived sexist ev…
A Test of Objectification Theory with Lesbian Women
This study extends research on objectification theory as it applies to eating disorder symptomatology by examining whether its tenets generalize to women identifying as lesbian. Lesbian women ( N = 181) and a comparison sample of heterosexual women ( N = 196) completed measures of objectification theory constructs (interpersonal sexual objectification, body surveillance, body shame, interoceptive awareness, disordered eating). The model of object…
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale
This study reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale (ISOS). Data from 576 college women were collected in three studies. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered two factors: Body Evaluation and Unwanted Explicit Sexual Advances; confirmatory factor analysis supported this factor structure. ISOS scores were internally consistent and stable over a 3-week period. Supporting its construct …
Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem
Extant literature has suggested that entitlement stemming from masculine gender role socialization may moderate and/or mediate the relationship between gender role conflict and intrapersonal variables. This study tested this assertion with 236 college men, with body esteem serving as the intrapersonal variable. Results revealed that both conceptualizations of entitlement (i.e., self-assertive and narcissistic) moderated the relationships between …
“But I Like My Body”
Fiction, Fashion, and Function
Fiction, Fashion, and Function Revisited
Integrating Social Comparison Theory and Self-Esteem within Objectification Theory to Predict Women’s Disordered Eating
Refinement of the tripartite influence model for men
Fiction, Fashion, and Function Finale
Racial Discrimination and Resilience in African American Young Adults
Research has indicated that racial discrimination places African Americans at risk for psychological distress, in which they experience low levels of well-being. Yet many African Americans are resilient, or have preserved well-being, when faced with this adversity. Using a strength-based approach, this study determined whether racial socialization messages preserved African Americans' resilience when experiencing racial discrimination. Results wi…
Measuring Transgender Individuals’ Comfort With Gender Identity and Appearance
Our study used the construct of congruence to conceptualize the degree to which transgender individuals feel genuine, authentic, and comfortable with their gender identity and external appearance. In Study 1, the Transgender Congruence scale (TCS) was developed, and data from 162 transgender individuals were used to estimate the reliability and validity of its scores. Two factors emerged: Appearance Congruence and Gender Identity Acceptance. TCS …
The Intuitive Eating Scale–2
The 21-item Intuitive Eating Scale (IES; Tylka, 2006) measures individuals' tendency to follow their physical hunger and satiety cues when determining when, what, and how much to eat. While its scores have demonstrated reliability and validity with college women, the IES-2 was developed to improve upon the original version. Specifically, we added 17 positively scored items to the original IES items (which were predominantly negatively scored), in…
The Weight-Inclusive versus Weight-Normative Approach to Health
Using an ethical lens, this review evaluates two methods of working within patient care and public health: the weight-normative approach (emphasis on weight and weight loss when defining health and well-being) and the weight-inclusive approach (emphasis on viewing health and well-being as multifaceted while directing efforts toward improving health access and reducing weight stigma). Data reveal that the weight-normative approach is not effective…
No harm in looking, right? Men’s pornography consumption, body image, and well-being
You Looking at Her “Hot” Body May Not be “Cool” for Me
Within objectification theory research, sexual objectification is typically operationalized as interpersonal sexual objectification—being targets of body evaluation and unwanted sexual advances. We argue that women’s male partners’ pornography use could be integrated within objectification theory as another form of sexual objectification and negatively linked to women’s well-being. College women ( N = 171) rated how often their current and previo…
Sanctioning Resistance to Sexual Objectification
In this article, we describe an integrated theoretical approach for promoting resistance to the system of sexual objectification. Drawing from system justification and objectification theories, we propose a two‐arm approach that would harness the system justification motive and adjust the lens of self‐objectification in order to facilitate social change. We suggest that it is necessary to frame a rejection of the system of sexual objectification …
The Body Appreciation Scale-2
What is and what is not positive body image? Conceptual foundations and construct definition
Eating Disorders and Behaviors (40 obras) · Psychology (37 obras) · Social Psychology (29 obras) · Clinical Psychology (24 obras) · Developmental psychology (24 obras) · Social Psychology (19 obras) · Obesity and Health Practices (16 obras) · Eating disorders (13 obras) · Psychometrics (12 obras) · Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies (11 obras)