Emily Grundy
Biographic Data
| ID | 203206 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Emily Grundy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Emily |
| FAMILY NAME | Grundy |
| SIGNATURE | GRUNDY E |
| AFFILIATIONS | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4059-0311 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 876 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis of educational approaches to reduce cognitive biases among students
Optimized Random-Combinations of Total Fertility Rates and Life Expectancies at Birth for Probabilistic Population Projections
A picture of health: Determining the core population served by an urban NHS hospital trust and understanding the key health needs
We define a blueprint by which a catchment can be defined for a hospital trust and demonstrate the value a hospital-view of the local population could provide in understanding local health needs and enabling population-level health improvement interventions. While an individual approach allows tailoring to local context and need, there could be an efficiency saving were such public health information made routinely and regularly available for eve…
What Works to Increase Charitable Donations? A Meta-Review with Meta-Meta-Analysis
Many charities rely on donations to support their work addressing some of the world’s most pressing problems. We conducted a meta-review to determine what interventions work to increase charitable donations. We found 21 systematic reviews incorporating 1339 primary studies and over 2,139,938 participants. Our meta-meta-analysis estimated the average effect of an intervention on charitable donation size and incidence: r = 0.08 (95% CI [0.03, 0.12]…
Work–family lifecourses and later-life health in the United Kingdom
Socio-economic inequalities in physical and mental health persist at older ages and previous studies have shown that partnership and parenthood histories are also associated with differentials in later-life health. These domains of adult life interact, and both may be influenced by earlier life circumstances, indicating a need for a holistic approach to understanding lifecourse influences on health at older ages. In this paper, we identify classe…
Age and education moderate the relationship between confidence in health and political authorities and intention to adopt Covid-19 health-protective behaviours
Purpose This study aimed to examine (1) whether confidence in political and health authorities predicted intention to adopt recommended health-protective behaviours and (2) whether age, gender and education level moderated the relationship between confidence in political and health authorities and health protective-behaviours (download the COVIDSafe app, wear a face mask and stay at home). Design/methodology/approach This study assessed 1,206 Aus…
Area deprivation, perceived neighbourhood cohesion and mental health at older ages: A cross lagged analysis of UK longitudinal data
Previous research on neighbourhood influences on older adults' mental health shows inconsistent evidence for effects of neighbourhood deprivation but stronger evidence for effects of perceived neighbourhood social cohesion, often proposed as a mediator of the link between neighbourhood deprivation and mental well-being. However, it is possible that mental health influences perceptions of neighbourhoods; this has rarely been considered. We use dat…
Does long-term care coverage shape the impact of informal care-giving on quality of life? A difference-in-difference approach
The impact that providing care to ageing parents has on adult children's lives may depend on the long-term care (LTC) context. A common approach to test this is to compare whether the impact of care-giving varies between countries with different LTC coverage. However, this approach leaves considerable room for omitted variable bias. We use individual fixed-effects analyses to reduce bias in the estimates of the effects of informal care-giving on …
Household debt and depressive symptoms among older adults in three continental European countries
In this comparative study focusing on the population aged 50 and over in three European countries, we investigate the association between household debt and depressive symptoms, and possible country differences in this association, using data from Waves 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the Surveys of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for Belgium, France and Germany. Multi-level regression models with random intercepts for individuals were used t…
Social Isolation and Memory Decline in Later-life
Results suggest that the association between social isolation and memory decline arises because social isolation is associated with increased memory decline rather than poor memory leading to increases in social isolation. Men with high levels of social isolation and women with accumulated social isolation over time are especially affected as these patterns of isolation were associated with more profound memory decline
Fertility History and Physical and Mental Health Changes in European Older Adults
Previous studies have shown that aspects of reproductive history, such as earlier parenthood and high parity, are associated with poorer health in mid and later life. However, it is unclear which dimensions of health are most affected by reproductive history, and whether the pattern of associations varies for measures of physical, psychological and cognitive health. Such variation might provide more insight into possible underlying mechanisms. We…
Children's age at parental divorce and depression in early and mid-adulthood
This study aimed to assess whether children's age at their parents' divorce is associated with depression in early and mid-adulthood, as indicated by medication purchase. A sibling comparison method was used to control for unobserved factors shared between siblings. The data were extracted from the Norwegian Population Register and Norwegian Prescription Database and included about 181,000 individuals aged 20-44 who had experienced parental divor…
Returns home by children and changes in parents’ well-being in Europe
Co-resident adult children may be a source of emotional and instrumental support for older parents, but also a source of conflict and stress. Results from previous research are far from conclusive and indicate that intergenerational co-residence may have both negative and positive effects on parents' depressive symptoms and physical health. We analyse longitudinal data from four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2007…
The increasing mortality advantage of the married: The role played by education
In several European countries the excess mortality of nonmarried people relative to the married has increased. In this study we describe in detail the increasing mortality advantage of the married in Norway and investigate the extent to which changes in ed
Number of Children, Partnership Status, and Later-life Depression in Eastern and Western Europe
Availability of close family is more strongly associated with older people's depressive symptoms in Eastern than Western Europe. The collapse of previous state supports and greater economic stress in Eastern Europe may mean that having a partner and children has a greater psychological impact than in Western countries
Life-course partnership history and midlife health behaviours in a population-based birth cohort
BACKGROUND: Marital and partnership history is strongly associated with health in midlife and later life. However, the role of health behaviours as an explanatory mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations between life-course partnership trajectories (taking into account timing, non-marital cohabitation, remarriage and marital transitions) and health behaviours measured in midlife. METHODS: We ana…
Loneliness among Polish migrants in the Netherlands: The impact of presence and location of partners and offspring
Research using nonmigrant samples indicates that having a partner and children is protective against loneliness. Such beneficial effects may be weaker for migrants with partners and/or children living in different countries
Socio-economic position and subjective health and well-being among older people in Europe: A systematic narrative review
Ploubidis et al. Respond
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to Strohschein’s letter regarding our published article in AJPH. The main issue raised by Strohschein is that our study lacks a test of interaction for one of our findings, namely that men derive more health benefits from marriage than women. Strohschein cites a newspaper article, which appears to reference our article. Unfortunately, the newspaper article misrepresents our findings. We simply did not find…
Age at First Birth and Later Life Health in Western and Eastern Europe
MUCH OF THE research on life-course determinants of later life health has focused on cumulated effects of socioeconomic disadvantage (Ben-Shlomoand Kuh 2002; Luo and Waite 2005). Family life courses also involve differential exposures to stresses and supports and interact with other health relevant domains including socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, and social support (Barban 2013; Grundy and Read 2015). The transition to parenthood…
Les sources de données sur les populations âgées en Europe: Comparaison de l’enquête Générations et genre (GGS) et de l’enquête sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite (SHARE)
L’enquête sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe (SHARE) et l’enquête Générations et genre (GGS) sont deux études longitudinales européennes portant sur des sujets sociodémographiques et sanitaires. Cet article les compare pour les individus âgés de 50 à 80 ans dans sept pays européens (Allemagne, Belgique, Estonie, France, Hongrie, Pays-Bas et Pologne) afin d’évaluer la qualité de leurs données et les possibilités d’analyses co…
Life-Course Partnership Status and Biomarkers in Midlife: Evidence From the 1958 British Birth Cohort
Objectives. We examined the association between trajectories of partnership status over the life course and objectively measured health indicators in midlife. Methods. We used data from 4 waves (1981, 1991, 2000, and 2002–2004) of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS), a prospective cohort study that includes all people born in Britain during 1 week in March 1958 (n = 18 558). Results. After controlling for selection attributable to…
Pathways from fertility history to later life health: Results from analyses of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Previous research shows associations between fertility histories and later life health. The childless, those with large families, and those with a young age at entry to parenthood generally have higher mortality and worse health than parents of two or thre
Allostatic Load and Health in the Older Population of England: A Crossed-Lagged Analysis
OBJECTIVE: Allostatic load, a composite measure of accumulated physical wear and tear, has been proposed as an early sign of physiological dysregulation predictive of health problems, functional limitation, and disability. However, much previous research has been cross sectional and few studies consider repeated measures. We investigate the directionality of associations between allostatic load, self-rated health, and a measure of physical functi…
Urban and rural differences in risk of admission to a care home: A census-based follow-up study
Between elderly parents and adult children: A new look at the intergenerational care provided by the ‘sandwich generation’
The ‘sandwich generation’ has been conceptualised as those mid-life adults who simultaneously raise dependent children and care for frail elderly parents. Such a combination of dependants is in fact very unusual, and the more common situation is when adults in late mid-life or early old age have one or more surviving parents and adult but still partly dependent children. It can be hypothesised that for parents in this pivotal position, the demand…
Health inequalities in the older population: The Role of Personal Capital, Social Resources and Socio-Economic Circumstances
Reciprocity in relationships: Socio-economic and health influences on intergenerational exchanges between Third Age parents and their adult children in Great Britain
In this paper data from a nationally representative British longitudinal study are used to analyse exchanges of support between Third Age parents (aged 55-75) and their adult children. Results show that between two thirds and three quarters of parents in this age group were involved in some sort of exchange relationship with at least one of their children. Generally, more Third Age parents were providers than recipients of help, but there was a s…
Fertility history and health in later life: A record linkage study in England and Wales
Adult life experiences and health in early old age in Great Britain
Fertility history and cause-specific mortality: A register-based analysis of complete cohorts of Norwegian women and men
Returns home by children and changes in parents’ well-being in Europe
Co-resident adult children may be a source of emotional and instrumental support for older parents, but also a source of conflict and stress. Results from previous research are far from conclusive and indicate that intergenerational co-residence may have both negative and positive effects on parents' depressive symptoms and physical health. We analyse longitudinal data from four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2007…
Fertility history, health, and health changes in later life: A panel study of British women and men born 1923-49
We investigated associations between later-life health and fertility history for women and men, using the British Household Panel Survey. We modelled health and its rate of change jointly with sample retention over an 11-year period. For women, childlessness is associated with limitation of activity for health reasons and faster acquisition of the limitation. High parity (four or more children) is associated with poorer health for both women and …
The increase in marital status differences in mortality up to the oldest age in seven European countries, 1990–99
We investigate mortality differentials by marital status among older age groups using a database of mortality rates by marital status at ages 40 and over for seven European countries with 1 billion person-years of exposure. The mortality advantage of married people, both men and women, continues to increase up to at least the age group 85-89, the oldest group we are able to consider. We find the largest absolute differences in mortality levels be…
Contact between Adult Children and Their Parents in Great Britain 1986-99
Three nationally representative British data sets have been used to analyse trends and differentials in contact between adult children aged 22-54 years and their non-coresident mothers and fathers. The results show that having at-least-weekly contact is positively associated with children being female, lower levels of education, and living in the North, and negatively associated with age, number of siblings, and being a tenant in the privately re…
Marital Status and Long-Term Illness in Great Britain
This study investigates the relationship between health and marital status, focusing particularly on older persons, using data on reported long-term illness rates from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) drawn from the British Census. Until about age 70, long-term illness rates are generally lowest for those in first marriage, followed by the remarried, with intermediate values for the widowed and divorced, and highest for the single. Beyond…
Pathways from fertility history to later life health: Results from analyses of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Previous research shows associations between fertility histories and later life health. The childless, those with large families, and those with a young age at entry to parenthood generally have higher mortality and worse health than parents of two or thre
The influence of socio-economic and health differences on parents' provision of help to adult children: A British–United States comparison
Transfers of assistance from older to younger family members are an important, though often ignored, component of intergenerational exchanges. The ability to help younger family members, either financially or practically, may be influenced by the health and socio-economic status of older parents, but very little is known about these patterns. This article examines the effects of socio-economic and health status on the help that late mid-life pare…
Family Life History and Late Mid-Life Mortality in Norway
Using data on all Norwegians born 1935-68, we analyze the associations between mortality and a combined indicator of fertility and marital or partnership status and history. The focus is on ages 40-73 and the years 1980-2008 (30 million person-years of observations and 117,000 deaths). Among men in first marriages, the childless have 36 percent higher mortality than those with two or more children. The corresponding figure for women is 61 percent…
Ageing and vulnerable elderly people: European perspectives
This paper considers the processes and circumstances that create vulnerability among older people, specifically to a very poor quality of life or an untimely or degrading death. Models of ageing processes are used to define vulnerable older people as those whose reserve capacity falls below the threshold needed to cope successfully with the challenges they face. Compensatory supports may intervene to mitigate the effects of challenges and to rebu…
Promoção da saúde, epidemiologia social e capital social: Inter-Relações E Perspectivas Para a Saúde Pública
A idéia de promover saúde antecede o uso explícito do termo. No entanto, a incorporação dessa idéia e da prática no campo da saúde pública foi influenciado especialmente pela reforma de saúde iniciada no Canadá, em 1974, a qual refletiu os anseios de muitos outros preocupados com influência do meio físico e social na saúde. Essa reforma serviu de base para o lançamento de várias conferências desencadeados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, começa…
Co-residence of mid-life children with their elderly parents in England and Wales: Changes between 1981 and 1991
It is known that there have been large declines in the proportion of elderly people living in intergenerational households. Much less is known about trends in the proportion of adult children living with elderly parents. Here I show a large decline between 1981 and 1991 in the proportion of mid-life adults living with an elderly parent or parent-in-law in England and Wales. Declines in co-residence were higher among more advantaged groups so that…
Lifelong Socio Economic Position and biomarkers of later life health: Testing the contribution of competing hypotheses
The relative contribution of early or later life Socio Economic Position (SEP) to later life health is not fully understood and there are alternative hypotheses about the pathways through which they may influence health. We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing with a formal approach for the identification of mediating factors in order to investigate alternative hypotheses about life course influences on biomarkers of later life…
Intergenerational interaction, social capital and health: Results from a randomised controlled trial in Brazil
Limiting Long-Term Illness and Household Structure among People Aged 45 and over, Great Britain 1991
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between health and household composition among older people. The 1 per cent and 2 per cent SARs (Samples of Anonymised Records) drawn from 1991 British Census data were used to examine the frequency of a limiting long-term illness among older people according to different types of living arrangements. These data include the population in institutions and our results show that …
Marital history 1971–91 and mortality 1991–2004 in England & Wales and Finland
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of long-term marital history on mortality, and the relative importance of using marital history instead of baseline marital status in mortality analyses. No previous comparative studies on the associations of marital history and mortality exist. METHODS: Longitudinal data from England & Wales and from Finland were used to assess the effects of marital history, constructed from census records from year…
Longitudinal perspectives on caregiving, employment history and marital status in midlife in England and Wales
In this paper, we examine associations between employment history and marital status and unpaid care provision among those aged 40-59 in England and Wales. We used data from a large nationally representative longitudinal study, the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. Initially based on a sample drawn from the 1971 Census, in 2001 this study included data on 110,464 people aged 40-59 of whom 5% provided 20 or more hours per week of …
Age at First Birth and Later Life Health in Western and Eastern Europe
MUCH OF THE research on life-course determinants of later life health has focused on cumulated effects of socioeconomic disadvantage (Ben-Shlomoand Kuh 2002; Luo and Waite 2005). Family life courses also involve differential exposures to stresses and supports and interact with other health relevant domains including socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, and social support (Barban 2013; Grundy and Read 2015). The transition to parenthood…
Changes in life satisfaction over a two and a half year period among very elderly people living in London
Retirement Migration and its Consequences in England and Wales
Analyses are presented of data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Study; a record linkage study in which one per cent of the 1971 Census population has been followed up using routinely collected demographic data. The data set includes the 1981 Census records of sample members. The results show that between 1970–1 and 1980–1 there was a fall in migration in the retirement age groups. In both periods there were d…
Divorce, widowhood, remarriage and geographic mobility among women
Data from the 1971 Census records included in the OPCS Longitudinal Study were used to examine the relationship between geographic mobility and marriage termination and remarriage. Remarried women had high rates of mobility and there seemed to be a clear ‘excess’ of moves made around the time of remarriage, shortly after the end of the first marriage. There was a suggestion too of a peak in movements following widowhood but no indication of exces…
Migration and fertility behaviour in England and Wales: A record linkage study
Relationships between migration and fertility are examined, using data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study of England and Wales, including linked information from the 1971 and 1981 Censuses and birth registration data for the period 1971–80. The results showed that the proportion moving between the 1971 Census and the first subsequent birth was higher among tenants than owner occupiers, particularly for women in shared accommodation in 1971. The ass…
Household Change and Migration among the Elderly in England and Wales
La migration et les changements dans la composition des ménages en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles : 1971-1981. Dans la première partie de l'article, quelques données d'une étude longitudinale faite par Y Office of Population Censuses and Surveys servent à illustrer des changements dans la distribution de la population âgée selon la composition des ménages entre 1971 et 1981. Les variations régionales en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles sont ensui…
Retirement Migration and its Consequences in England and Wales
Analyses are presented of data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Study; a record linkage study in which one per cent of the 1971 Census population has been followed up using routinely collected demographic data. The data set includes the 1981 Census records of sample members. The results show that between 1970–1 and 1980–1 there was a fall in migration in the retirement age groups. In both periods there were d…
Our Aging Society
Singular Paths: Old Men Living Alone
Later Phases of the Family Cycle: Demographic Aspects
History of Old Age
Ageing: Age-Related Change in Later Life
(1991). Ageing: Age-Related Change in Later Life. Population Studies: Vol. 45, No. sup1, pp. 133-156
Co-residence between Adult Children and their Elderly Parents in England and Wales
Co-residence between adult children aged 35 or more and their elderly parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law has been investigated using data from the Office of the Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Longitudinal Survey and the 1985 General Household Survey supplement on informal carers. Overall 4 per cent of adults lived with a parent or parent-in-law but this proportion varied considerably with age, marital status and gender. Socio-economic differen…
Changes in life satisfaction over a two and a half year period among very elderly people living in London
Elderly Migration and Population Redistribution
Associations with Changes in Level of Functional Ability. Results from a Follow-up Survey at Two and a Half Years of People Aged 85 Years and Over at Baseline Interview
This paper describes association with changes in functional ability among very elderly people who were interviewed first in 1987 when they were aged 85+, and followed-up in 1990. It focuses, in particular, on those with severe difficulties with ADL. It was notable that while those with chronic problems with disability used more health and social services, few received services specific to rehabilitation and social support (e.g. physiotherapy, occ…
Forecasting the Health of Elderly Populations
Changes in network composition among older people living in inner London and Essex
Changes in network composition among the very old living in inner London
Averting the Old Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and Promote Growth
Limiting Long-Term Illness and Household Structure among People Aged 45 and over, Great Britain 1991
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between health and household composition among older people. The 1 per cent and 2 per cent SARs (Samples of Anonymised Records) drawn from 1991 British Census data were used to examine the frequency of a limiting long-term illness among older people according to different types of living arrangements. These data include the population in institutions and our results show that …
Demography and Gerontology: Mortality Trends Among the Oldest Old
This paper provides a brief introduction to demography and population science and the newly emerged subfield of the demography of ageing. Links with gerontology are explored. Recent work on mortality at very high ages and on the black-white mortality ‘cross-over’ reported from the United States is then reviewed. These topics are important substantively and theoretically and also serve to illustrate demographic approaches to data and data analysis…
Young v. Old: Generational Combat in the 21st Century
Marital Status and Long-Term Illness in Great Britain
This study investigates the relationship between health and marital status, focusing particularly on older persons, using data on reported long-term illness rates from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) drawn from the British Census. Until about age 70, long-term illness rates are generally lowest for those in first marriage, followed by the remarried, with intermediate values for the widowed and divorced, and highest for the single. Beyond…
Migration and household change in the population aged 65 and over, 1971–1991
Migration and household change in the population aged 65 and over, 1971-1991
This analysis uses the ONS [Office for National Statistics] Longitudinal Study, a record linkage study including individual-level data from three national Censuses (1971, 1981 and 1991) and linked vital registration data, to examine migration patterns among older people [in Great Britain]. The aims of this study are to examine regional differences in household composition, to look at changes in the relationship between household change and migrat…
Proximity of Adult Children to their Parents in Great Britain
Much of the authors' knowledge of kin interaction and exchange in Britain is partial, in that it is based on studies of co-resident groups and excludes consideration of kin "beyond the household". It is known that there have been large declines in intergenerational co-residence, raising fears that family bonds have weakened. It is also commonly assumed that family members are less likely to live in close proximity than in the past. In this paper …
Co-residence of mid-life children with their elderly parents in England and Wales: Changes between 1981 and 1991
It is known that there have been large declines in the proportion of elderly people living in intergenerational households. Much less is known about trends in the proportion of adult children living with elderly parents. Here I show a large decline between 1981 and 1991 in the proportion of mid-life adults living with an elderly parent or parent-in-law in England and Wales. Declines in co-residence were higher among more advantaged groups so that…
Medicine (56 works) · Sociology (54 works) · Psychology (52 works) · Demography (51 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (45 works) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (41 works) · Population (39 works) · Gerontology (37 works) · Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies (25 works) · Political science (25 works)