P J Burke
Biographic Data
| ID | 20338 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P J Burke |
| GIVEN NAMES | P J |
| FAMILY NAME | Burke |
| SIGNATURE | BURKE P J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Riverside |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4594-2603 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1196 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1926 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Identity Nonverification, Emotions, and Cognitive and Behavioral Responses
We examine how 10 emotions that emerge from the identity nonverification process are associated with specific coping strategies that share meanings with these emotions. We study a nonrandom, national quota sample of adults who had problems verifying their identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support our hypotheses that identity nonverification is associated with an increase in negative emotions, such as anger and fear, and a redu…
A theory of core identities
The idea of a core self has been pointed out as missing from identity theory. In this paper, I show how such an idea can be incorporated in identity theory by building on basic principles that already exist within the theory. By focusing not only on meanings and identities but on the relationships between them as well as the person holding them, we can see how a core identity emerges. The idea of a core meaning is introduced as one that is in man…
Identity Nonverification, Coping, and Depression and Anxiety During the Pandemic
COVID-19 marked a change in social life that disrupted interaction, including people’s ability to verify their identities. We examine how identity nonverification associated with COVID-19 exposure helps us understand some of the psychological distress individuals experienced. We assess the relationship between identity nonverification and depression and anxiety, controlling for respondents’ prior depression and anxiety and prior nonverification (…
Prominence and Salience Effects on Identity Nonverification
Identity verification occurs when individuals’ situational identity meanings match the meanings in their identity standard. When a person verifies an identity, they feel understood, and they feel good. When an identity is not verified, people feel misunderstood, and they feel bad. Two identity characteristics that may moderate people’s negative reactions to identity nonverification are identity prominence or importance and identity salience or ti…
Punishments and the dominance identity in networks
The fairness identity and the emergence of inequality
Exchange, Identity Verification, and Social Bonds
Although evidence reveals that the social exchange process and identity verification process each can produce social bonds, researchers have yet to examine their conjoined effects. In this paper, we consider how exchange processes and identity processes separately and jointly shape the social bonds that emerge between actors. We do this with data from an experiment that introduces the fairness person identity (how people define themselves in term…
The science identity and entering a science occupation
Bridging Identities
Gender, Legitimation, and Identity Verification In Groups
Drawing upon identity theory, expectation states theory, and legitimation theory, we examine how the task leader identity in task-oriented groups is more likely to be verified for persons with high status characteristics. We hypothesize that identity verification will be accomplished more readily for male group members and legitimated task leaders than female group members and those who are not legitimated. We found that there is an interaction o…
Identity Change
This research examines two mechanisms by which persons' identities change over time. First, on the basis of identity control theory (ICT), I hypothesize that while identities influence the way in which a role is played out, discrepancies between the meanings of the identity standard and the meanings of the role performance will result in change. That is, due to the hierarchical structure of identity systems, change will occur not only to the role…
Too Much of a Good Thing
Self-discrepancy (SD) theories and self-enhancement (SE) theories have focused primarily on people's motivations to seek either self-consistent or self-enhancing feedback. The two sets of theories, however, also suggest different reactions to the feedback people receive from others. SE theories suggest that people react negatively to evaluations that are more negative than self-evaluations, but positively to evaluations that are more positive. SD…
In vitro cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants used traditionally to treat cancer
Identities and Social Structure
The present paper examines existing links between identities and the social structure in the context of identity control theory. I point out that, whether social structure is conceived as positions (roles and group memberships) to which identities are tied, or as the human organization of resource flows and transfers that are controlled by the identity verification process, identities and social structure are two sides of the same coin. Building …
Commentary on “Whither Symbolic Interaction?”
A Theory of Self-Esteem
Self-esteem has been conceptualized as an outcome, motive, and buffer, but there is no overall theory of self-esteem. In this article it is suggested that identity theory can provide a theoretical framework for the integration of the various conceptualizations of self-esteem. We suggest that self-esteem is an outcome of, and necessary ingredient in, the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the g…
Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory
In social psychology, we need to establish a general theory of the self which can attend to both macro and micro processes, and which avoids the redundancies of separate theories on different aspects of the self For this purpose, we present core components of identity theory and social identity theory and argue that although differences exist between the two theories, they are more differences in emphasis than in kind, and that linking the two th…
Does the Self Conform to the Views of Others
The interactionist tenet that we come to see ourselves as others see us has received only inconsistent support throughout its history, in part because of a number of factors that can disrupt the process. In this study we address several elements that have been suggested as important, including which others might be influential, the self's agency in protecting self-views from change, the time frame involved, and the individuals' openness to change…
Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity
Teresa Tsushima, Peter J. Burke, Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 2, Special Issue: Qualitative Contributions to Social Psychology (Jun., 1999), pp. 173-189
Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification
This research examines how self-processes and trust influence the development of commitment in society, thereby making social order possible. The central thesis is that the process ofself-verification leads directly and indirectly, through positive emotions and trust, to the development of committed relationships, positive emotional attachments, and a group orientation; all of these are characteristics of a stable social structure. At the same ti…
Stability and Change in the Gender Identities of Newly Married Couples
In the present paper we use identity theory as a multilevel control system to investigate stability and change in identities. According to identity theory, change occurs when self-relevant perceptions become and remain inconsistent with the identity standard. Symbolic interaction theory suggests that change also may occur through the process of taking the role of the other; this process may facilitate the incorporation of aspects of role partners…
Gender, Control, and Interaction
This research examines gender as status, and gender and control (which share the meaning of dominance) as identities by analyzing negative and positive behavior of married couples whose task is to resolve disagreements in their marriage. On the basis of recent extensions of expectation states theory dealing with emotion-based behavior, we hypothesize that husbands will be more likely than wives to use negative behavior in conversation. On the bas…
Identities and Self-Verification in the Small Group
This research examines the relationship between the meanings contained in one's identity and the meanings attributed to one's behavior by both oneself and others in small-group interaction. The goal is to provide an empirical test of expectations derived from identity theory and from the structural symbolic interaction perspective concerning the link between persons' identities, their behaviors, their own interpretation of their behaviors, and ot…
Inconsistent Self-Views in the Control Identity Model
Gender Identity, Sex, and School Performance
L'auteur tente d'expliquer pourquoi l'on constate des effets differentiels du sexe sur la performance scolaire a l'aide d'une enquete menee sur 1688 sujets âges de 11 a 13 ans. Les resultats montrent que l'explication a priori fournie jusqu'alors (differences dans l'identification au role sexuel) repose sur des bases empiriques serieuses mais que cette explication n'est pas suffisante
Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory
In social psychology, we need to establish a general theory of the self which can attend to both macro and micro processes, and which avoids the redundancies of separate theories on different aspects of the self For this purpose, we present core components of identity theory and social identity theory and argue that although differences exist between the two theories, they are more differences in emphasis than in kind, and that linking the two th…
Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification
This research examines how self-processes and trust influence the development of commitment in society, thereby making social order possible. The central thesis is that the process ofself-verification leads directly and indirectly, through positive emotions and trust, to the development of committed relationships, positive emotional attachments, and a group orientation; all of these are characteristics of a stable social structure. At the same ti…
The Self
Techniques for measuring an individual's self-concept must have two characteristics: they must be theoretically grounded and they must be quantitative. With respect to the first of these characteristics, six theoretical properties of the self as seen from an interactionist perspective are discussed in terms of their measurement implications. These properties are: (1) that the self is composed of an organized set of identities, (2) that identities…
The Link Between Identity and Role Performance
Despite interest in the influence of self-concept on behavior, research has been limited by (I) the need to better understand the mechanism by which self influences role behaviors, (2) a reliance on self-esteem as the only measure of self-concept, and (3) the absence of quantitative measures of self-concept. The research reported here is designed to test one formulation ofthe link between identity and behavior. It is based on recent theoretical c…
A Theory of Self-Esteem
Self-esteem has been conceptualized as an outcome, motive, and buffer, but there is no overall theory of self-esteem. In this article it is suggested that identity theory can provide a theoretical framework for the integration of the various conceptualizations of self-esteem. We suggest that self-esteem is an outcome of, and necessary ingredient in, the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the g…
Identity Change
This research examines two mechanisms by which persons' identities change over time. First, on the basis of identity control theory (ICT), I hypothesize that while identities influence the way in which a role is played out, discrepancies between the meanings of the identity standard and the meanings of the role performance will result in change. That is, due to the hierarchical structure of identity systems, change will occur not only to the role…
Identities and Social Structure
The present paper examines existing links between identities and the social structure in the context of identity control theory. I point out that, whether social structure is conceived as positions (roles and group memberships) to which identities are tied, or as the human organization of resource flows and transfers that are controlled by the identity verification process, identities and social structure are two sides of the same coin. Building …
Stability and Change in the Gender Identities of Newly Married Couples
In the present paper we use identity theory as a multilevel control system to investigate stability and change in identities. According to identity theory, change occurs when self-relevant perceptions become and remain inconsistent with the identity standard. Symbolic interaction theory suggests that change also may occur through the process of taking the role of the other; this process may facilitate the incorporation of aspects of role partners…
Gender, Control, and Interaction
This research examines gender as status, and gender and control (which share the meaning of dominance) as identities by analyzing negative and positive behavior of married couples whose task is to resolve disagreements in their marriage. On the basis of recent extensions of expectation states theory dealing with emotion-based behavior, we hypothesize that husbands will be more likely than wives to use negative behavior in conversation. On the bas…
Too Much of a Good Thing
Self-discrepancy (SD) theories and self-enhancement (SE) theories have focused primarily on people's motivations to seek either self-consistent or self-enhancing feedback. The two sets of theories, however, also suggest different reactions to the feedback people receive from others. SE theories suggest that people react negatively to evaluations that are more negative than self-evaluations, but positively to evaluations that are more positive. SD…
Does the Self Conform to the Views of Others
The interactionist tenet that we come to see ourselves as others see us has received only inconsistent support throughout its history, in part because of a number of factors that can disrupt the process. In this study we address several elements that have been suggested as important, including which others might be influential, the self's agency in protecting self-views from change, the time frame involved, and the individuals' openness to change…
Gender Identity, Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual Abuse in Dating Relationships
Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets, Maureen A. Pirog-Good, Gender Identity, Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual Abuse in Dating Relationships, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 272-285
Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity
Teresa Tsushima, Peter J. Burke, Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 2, Special Issue: Qualitative Contributions to Social Psychology (Jun., 1999), pp. 173-189
Identities and Self-Verification in the Small Group
This research examines the relationship between the meanings contained in one's identity and the meanings attributed to one's behavior by both oneself and others in small-group interaction. The goal is to provide an empirical test of expectations derived from identity theory and from the structural symbolic interaction perspective concerning the link between persons' identities, their behaviors, their own interpretation of their behaviors, and ot…
Gender Identity, Sex, and School Performance
L'auteur tente d'expliquer pourquoi l'on constate des effets differentiels du sexe sur la performance scolaire a l'aide d'une enquete menee sur 1688 sujets âges de 11 a 13 ans. Les resultats montrent que l'explication a priori fournie jusqu'alors (differences dans l'identification au role sexuel) repose sur des bases empiriques serieuses mais que cette explication n'est pas suffisante
Inconsistent Self-Views in the Control Identity Model
The science identity and entering a science occupation
Gender, Legitimation, and Identity Verification In Groups
Drawing upon identity theory, expectation states theory, and legitimation theory, we examine how the task leader identity in task-oriented groups is more likely to be verified for persons with high status characteristics. We hypothesize that identity verification will be accomplished more readily for male group members and legitimated task leaders than female group members and those who are not legitimated. We found that there is an interaction o…
Prominence and Salience Effects on Identity Nonverification
Identity verification occurs when individuals’ situational identity meanings match the meanings in their identity standard. When a person verifies an identity, they feel understood, and they feel good. When an identity is not verified, people feel misunderstood, and they feel bad. Two identity characteristics that may moderate people’s negative reactions to identity nonverification are identity prominence or importance and identity salience or ti…
Exchange, Identity Verification, and Social Bonds
Although evidence reveals that the social exchange process and identity verification process each can produce social bonds, researchers have yet to examine their conjoined effects. In this paper, we consider how exchange processes and identity processes separately and jointly shape the social bonds that emerge between actors. We do this with data from an experiment that introduces the fairness person identity (how people define themselves in term…
A theory of core identities
The idea of a core self has been pointed out as missing from identity theory. In this paper, I show how such an idea can be incorporated in identity theory by building on basic principles that already exist within the theory. By focusing not only on meanings and identities but on the relationships between them as well as the person holding them, we can see how a core identity emerges. The idea of a core meaning is introduced as one that is in man…
The fairness identity and the emergence of inequality
Punishments and the dominance identity in networks
Identity Nonverification, Emotions, and Cognitive and Behavioral Responses
We examine how 10 emotions that emerge from the identity nonverification process are associated with specific coping strategies that share meanings with these emotions. We study a nonrandom, national quota sample of adults who had problems verifying their identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support our hypotheses that identity nonverification is associated with an increase in negative emotions, such as anger and fear, and a redu…
Popularity and the Classics
The Self
Techniques for measuring an individual's self-concept must have two characteristics: they must be theoretically grounded and they must be quantitative. With respect to the first of these characteristics, six theoretical properties of the self as seen from an interactionist perspective are discussed in terms of their measurement implications. These properties are: (1) that the self is composed of an organized set of identities, (2) that identities…
The Link Between Identity and Role Performance
Despite interest in the influence of self-concept on behavior, research has been limited by (I) the need to better understand the mechanism by which self influences role behaviors, (2) a reliance on self-esteem as the only measure of self-concept, and (3) the absence of quantitative measures of self-concept. The research reported here is designed to test one formulation ofthe link between identity and behavior. It is based on recent theoretical c…
Gender Identity, Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual Abuse in Dating Relationships
Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets, Maureen A. Pirog-Good, Gender Identity, Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual Abuse in Dating Relationships, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 272-285
Gender Identity, Sex, and School Performance
L'auteur tente d'expliquer pourquoi l'on constate des effets differentiels du sexe sur la performance scolaire a l'aide d'une enquete menee sur 1688 sujets âges de 11 a 13 ans. Les resultats montrent que l'explication a priori fournie jusqu'alors (differences dans l'identification au role sexuel) repose sur des bases empiriques serieuses mais que cette explication n'est pas suffisante
Inconsistent Self-Views in the Control Identity Model
Identities and Self-Verification in the Small Group
This research examines the relationship between the meanings contained in one's identity and the meanings attributed to one's behavior by both oneself and others in small-group interaction. The goal is to provide an empirical test of expectations derived from identity theory and from the structural symbolic interaction perspective concerning the link between persons' identities, their behaviors, their own interpretation of their behaviors, and ot…
Gender, Control, and Interaction
This research examines gender as status, and gender and control (which share the meaning of dominance) as identities by analyzing negative and positive behavior of married couples whose task is to resolve disagreements in their marriage. On the basis of recent extensions of expectation states theory dealing with emotion-based behavior, we hypothesize that husbands will be more likely than wives to use negative behavior in conversation. On the bas…
Stability and Change in the Gender Identities of Newly Married Couples
In the present paper we use identity theory as a multilevel control system to investigate stability and change in identities. According to identity theory, change occurs when self-relevant perceptions become and remain inconsistent with the identity standard. Symbolic interaction theory suggests that change also may occur through the process of taking the role of the other; this process may facilitate the incorporation of aspects of role partners…
Does the Self Conform to the Views of Others
The interactionist tenet that we come to see ourselves as others see us has received only inconsistent support throughout its history, in part because of a number of factors that can disrupt the process. In this study we address several elements that have been suggested as important, including which others might be influential, the self's agency in protecting self-views from change, the time frame involved, and the individuals' openness to change…
Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity
Teresa Tsushima, Peter J. Burke, Levels, Agency, and Control in the Parent Identity, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 62, No. 2, Special Issue: Qualitative Contributions to Social Psychology (Jun., 1999), pp. 173-189
Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification
This research examines how self-processes and trust influence the development of commitment in society, thereby making social order possible. The central thesis is that the process ofself-verification leads directly and indirectly, through positive emotions and trust, to the development of committed relationships, positive emotional attachments, and a group orientation; all of these are characteristics of a stable social structure. At the same ti…
Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory
In social psychology, we need to establish a general theory of the self which can attend to both macro and micro processes, and which avoids the redundancies of separate theories on different aspects of the self For this purpose, we present core components of identity theory and social identity theory and argue that although differences exist between the two theories, they are more differences in emphasis than in kind, and that linking the two th…
A Theory of Self-Esteem
Self-esteem has been conceptualized as an outcome, motive, and buffer, but there is no overall theory of self-esteem. In this article it is suggested that identity theory can provide a theoretical framework for the integration of the various conceptualizations of self-esteem. We suggest that self-esteem is an outcome of, and necessary ingredient in, the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the g…
Commentary on “Whither Symbolic Interaction?”
In vitro cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants used traditionally to treat cancer
Identities and Social Structure
The present paper examines existing links between identities and the social structure in the context of identity control theory. I point out that, whether social structure is conceived as positions (roles and group memberships) to which identities are tied, or as the human organization of resource flows and transfers that are controlled by the identity verification process, identities and social structure are two sides of the same coin. Building …
Too Much of a Good Thing
Self-discrepancy (SD) theories and self-enhancement (SE) theories have focused primarily on people's motivations to seek either self-consistent or self-enhancing feedback. The two sets of theories, however, also suggest different reactions to the feedback people receive from others. SE theories suggest that people react negatively to evaluations that are more negative than self-evaluations, but positively to evaluations that are more positive. SD…
Identity Change
This research examines two mechanisms by which persons' identities change over time. First, on the basis of identity control theory (ICT), I hypothesize that while identities influence the way in which a role is played out, discrepancies between the meanings of the identity standard and the meanings of the role performance will result in change. That is, due to the hierarchical structure of identity systems, change will occur not only to the role…
Gender, Legitimation, and Identity Verification In Groups
Drawing upon identity theory, expectation states theory, and legitimation theory, we examine how the task leader identity in task-oriented groups is more likely to be verified for persons with high status characteristics. We hypothesize that identity verification will be accomplished more readily for male group members and legitimated task leaders than female group members and those who are not legitimated. We found that there is an interaction o…
Bridging Identities
The science identity and entering a science occupation
Exchange, Identity Verification, and Social Bonds
Although evidence reveals that the social exchange process and identity verification process each can produce social bonds, researchers have yet to examine their conjoined effects. In this paper, we consider how exchange processes and identity processes separately and jointly shape the social bonds that emerge between actors. We do this with data from an experiment that introduces the fairness person identity (how people define themselves in term…
The fairness identity and the emergence of inequality
Punishments and the dominance identity in networks
Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Social Power and Status Dynamics (22 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Identity (music (16 works) · Social group (16 works) · Social identity theory (16 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (15 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Social and Cultural Dynamics (11 works)