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Christina E Farhart

Biographic Data

ID2038654
NAMEChristina E Farhart
GIVEN NAMESChristina E
FAMILY NAMEFarhart
SIGNATUREFARHART C E
AFFILIATIONSCarleton College
ORCID0000-0001-7549-4568
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS16
TOTAL CITATIONS464
AUTHOR COUNT15
EDITOR COUNT1
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2015
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX6
  • Public Communication about Science in 68 Countries

    Open Access•Niels G Mede, Viktoria Cologna et al.•ARTICLE•Science Communication•2025•References: 11

    This 68-country survey ( n = 71,922) examines science information diets and communication behavior, identifies cross-country differences, and tests how such differences are associated with sociopolitical and economic conditions. We find that social media are the most used sources of science information in most countries, except those with democratic-corporatist media systems where news media tend to be used more widely. People in collectivist soc…

  • Losers’ Conspiracy

    Open Access•Joanne M Miller, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2025•References: 73

    Elections produce winners and losers. Winners reap the benefits; losers have to dust themselves off. How each side chooses to respond has important implications for democratic stability. Winners may attempt to develop post-election narratives in such a way as to claim a mandate and consolidate power. But losers are even more likely to be motivated to search for an explanation—a narrative that not only explains the loss in a self-esteem preserving…

  • Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries

    Open Access•Viktoria Cologna, Niels G Mede et al.•ARTICLE•Nature Human Behaviour•2025•Cited by: 7•References: 76

    Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most p…

  • By any memes necessary

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Erin B Fitz et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Although a growing body of scholarship examines who believes conspiracy theories (CTs) and why, less is known about why people share CTs. We test the impact of three independent motives on people’s willingness to share CTs on social media: bolstering their or their group’s beliefs (motivated sharing), generating collective action against their political outgroup because of losing (sounding the alarm), and mobilizing others against the political s…

  • Timing Matters

    Open Access•Aaron Rosenthal, Christina E Farhart•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 72

  • Are Republicans and Conservatives More Likely to Believe Conspiracy Theories

    Open Access•A M Enders, Adam Enders et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 38•References: 54

  • Political Misinformation in the Digital Age During a Pandemic

    Andrea De Angelis, Christina E Farhart et al.•BOOK•Political Misinformation in the…•2022

    High quality information is critical for the functioning of democracy. Yet, in the era of growing prominence of social media and a high choice news media environment, it is increasingly difficult for citizens to judge the quality of the information they encounter in their daily lives. This Research Topic centers around two critical challenges for the scholarship on political misinformation. First, on the demand-side, questions remain around who i…

  • Racialized Pandemic

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Philip Chen•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Political Science•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    As national and international health agencies rushed to respond to the global spread of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as COVID-19), one challenge these organizations faced was the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus. Troublingly, much of the misinformation was couched in racialized language, particularly regarding the source of the virus and responsibility for its spread, fostering the development of…

  • Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election

    Open Access•Celso Federico, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•The Forum•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 22

    Recent work suggests that collective narcissism—an exaggerated, unrealistic belief in an in-group’s greatness that demands constant external validation—is a reliable predictor of authoritarian-populist hostility toward democratic norms, processes, and outcomes. In the present study, we use a recent survey of American adults to examine the relationship between collective narcissism and perceptions that the 2020 election in the US was illegitimate.…

  • Self-Affirmation and Identity-Driven Political Behavior

    Open Access•Benjamin Lyons, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2021•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Psychological attachment to political parties can bias people’s attitudes, beliefs, and group evaluations. Studies from psychology suggest that self-affirmation theory may ameliorate this problem in the domain of politics on a variety of outcome measures. We report a series of studies conducted by separate research teams that examine whether a self-affirmation intervention affects a variety of outcomes, including political or policy attitudes, fa…

  • How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of Covid-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the U.S

    Open Access•Matthew Motta, Dominik A Stecuła et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Political…•2020•Cited by: 109•References: 5

    We have yet to know the ultimate global impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic. However, we do know that delays, denials and misinformation about COVID-19 have exacerbated its spread and slowed pandemic response, particularly in the U.S. (e.g., Abutaleb et al., 2020

  • Gender Differences in Covid-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs

    Open Access•Erin C Cassese, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 36•References: 13

    In this article, we evaluate gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs. We find that women are significantly less likely than men to endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories and that this gender difference cuts across party lines. Our analysis suggests that this gender gap is partially explained by two dispositional factors: learned helplessness and conspiratorial thinking. Our findings qualify past work on the antecedents of conspirac…

  • Gender, Benevolent Sexism, and Public Health Compliance

    Open Access•Philip Chen, Christina Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Growing research shows a correlation between gender, benevolent sexism, partisanship, and COVID-19 public health compliance. We show first that women are more likely than men to engage in protective behaviors to slow the spread of COVID-19. We also find that while Republicans and Independents are less likely to comply with these measures, benevolent sexism moderates the effect of partisanship and can increase compliance. These results suggest tha…

  • Implicit candidate traits in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

    Open Access•Joseph A Vitriol, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz et al.•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 58

  • Implicit Candidate‐Trait Associations in Political Campaigns

    Open Access•Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Joseph A Vitriol et al.•ARTICLE•Political Psychology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 73

    While the study of political attitudes has incorporated implicit processes in its theoretical models, the predominant approach to candidate‐trait perception focuses exclusively on explicit processes. Our novel, dual‐process approach to candidate perception sees voters as holding both conscious, explicit impressions of candidate traits and automatic, implicit candidate‐trait associations that cannot be measured using traditional self‐report techni…

  • Conspiracy Endorsement as Motivated Reasoning

    Open Access•Joanne M Miller, Kyle L Saunders et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Political…•2015•Cited by: 241•References: 21

    Given the potential political and social significance of conspiracy beliefs, a substantial and growing body of work examines the individual-level correlates of belief in conspiracy theories and general conspiratorial predispositions. However, although we know much about the psychological antecedents of conspiracy endorsement, we know less about the individual-level political causes of these prevalent and consequential beliefs. Our work draws from…

  • Conspiracy Endorsement as Motivated Reasoning

    Open Access•Joanne M Miller, Kyle L Saunders et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Political…•2015•Cited by: 241•References: 21

    Given the potential political and social significance of conspiracy beliefs, a substantial and growing body of work examines the individual-level correlates of belief in conspiracy theories and general conspiratorial predispositions. However, although we know much about the psychological antecedents of conspiracy endorsement, we know less about the individual-level political causes of these prevalent and consequential beliefs. Our work draws from…

  • How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of Covid-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the U.S

    Open Access•Matthew Motta, Dominik A Stecuła et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Political…•2020•Cited by: 109•References: 5

    We have yet to know the ultimate global impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic. However, we do know that delays, denials and misinformation about COVID-19 have exacerbated its spread and slowed pandemic response, particularly in the U.S. (e.g., Abutaleb et al., 2020

  • Are Republicans and Conservatives More Likely to Believe Conspiracy Theories

    Open Access•A M Enders, Adam Enders et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 38•References: 54

  • Gender Differences in Covid-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs

    Open Access•Erin C Cassese, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 36•References: 13

    In this article, we evaluate gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs. We find that women are significantly less likely than men to endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories and that this gender difference cuts across party lines. Our analysis suggests that this gender gap is partially explained by two dispositional factors: learned helplessness and conspiratorial thinking. Our findings qualify past work on the antecedents of conspirac…

  • Implicit Candidate‐Trait Associations in Political Campaigns

    Open Access•Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Joseph A Vitriol et al.•ARTICLE•Political Psychology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 73

    While the study of political attitudes has incorporated implicit processes in its theoretical models, the predominant approach to candidate‐trait perception focuses exclusively on explicit processes. Our novel, dual‐process approach to candidate perception sees voters as holding both conscious, explicit impressions of candidate traits and automatic, implicit candidate‐trait associations that cannot be measured using traditional self‐report techni…

  • Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries

    Open Access•Viktoria Cologna, Niels G Mede et al.•ARTICLE•Nature Human Behaviour•2025•Cited by: 7•References: 76

    Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most p…

  • Self-Affirmation and Identity-Driven Political Behavior

    Open Access•Benjamin Lyons, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2021•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Psychological attachment to political parties can bias people’s attitudes, beliefs, and group evaluations. Studies from psychology suggest that self-affirmation theory may ameliorate this problem in the domain of politics on a variety of outcome measures. We report a series of studies conducted by separate research teams that examine whether a self-affirmation intervention affects a variety of outcomes, including political or policy attitudes, fa…

  • Implicit candidate traits in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

    Open Access•Joseph A Vitriol, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz et al.•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 58

  • By any memes necessary

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Erin B Fitz et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Although a growing body of scholarship examines who believes conspiracy theories (CTs) and why, less is known about why people share CTs. We test the impact of three independent motives on people’s willingness to share CTs on social media: bolstering their or their group’s beliefs (motivated sharing), generating collective action against their political outgroup because of losing (sounding the alarm), and mobilizing others against the political s…

  • Gender, Benevolent Sexism, and Public Health Compliance

    Open Access•Philip Chen, Christina Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Growing research shows a correlation between gender, benevolent sexism, partisanship, and COVID-19 public health compliance. We show first that women are more likely than men to engage in protective behaviors to slow the spread of COVID-19. We also find that while Republicans and Independents are less likely to comply with these measures, benevolent sexism moderates the effect of partisanship and can increase compliance. These results suggest tha…

  • Timing Matters

    Open Access•Aaron Rosenthal, Christina E Farhart•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 72

  • Racialized Pandemic

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Philip Chen•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Political Science•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    As national and international health agencies rushed to respond to the global spread of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as COVID-19), one challenge these organizations faced was the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus. Troublingly, much of the misinformation was couched in racialized language, particularly regarding the source of the virus and responsibility for its spread, fostering the development of…

  • Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election

    Open Access•Celso Federico, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•The Forum•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 22

    Recent work suggests that collective narcissism—an exaggerated, unrealistic belief in an in-group’s greatness that demands constant external validation—is a reliable predictor of authoritarian-populist hostility toward democratic norms, processes, and outcomes. In the present study, we use a recent survey of American adults to examine the relationship between collective narcissism and perceptions that the 2020 election in the US was illegitimate.…

  • Conspiracy Endorsement as Motivated Reasoning

    Open Access•Joanne M Miller, Kyle L Saunders et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Political…•2015•Cited by: 241•References: 21

    Given the potential political and social significance of conspiracy beliefs, a substantial and growing body of work examines the individual-level correlates of belief in conspiracy theories and general conspiratorial predispositions. However, although we know much about the psychological antecedents of conspiracy endorsement, we know less about the individual-level political causes of these prevalent and consequential beliefs. Our work draws from…

  • Implicit candidate traits in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

    Open Access•Joseph A Vitriol, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz et al.•ARTICLE•Electoral Studies•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 58

  • Implicit Candidate‐Trait Associations in Political Campaigns

    Open Access•Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Joseph A Vitriol et al.•ARTICLE•Political Psychology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 73

    While the study of political attitudes has incorporated implicit processes in its theoretical models, the predominant approach to candidate‐trait perception focuses exclusively on explicit processes. Our novel, dual‐process approach to candidate perception sees voters as holding both conscious, explicit impressions of candidate traits and automatic, implicit candidate‐trait associations that cannot be measured using traditional self‐report techni…

  • How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of Covid-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the U.S

    Open Access•Matthew Motta, Dominik A Stecuła et al.•ARTICLE•Canadian Journal of Political…•2020•Cited by: 109•References: 5

    We have yet to know the ultimate global impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic. However, we do know that delays, denials and misinformation about COVID-19 have exacerbated its spread and slowed pandemic response, particularly in the U.S. (e.g., Abutaleb et al., 2020

  • Gender Differences in Covid-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs

    Open Access•Erin C Cassese, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 36•References: 13

    In this article, we evaluate gender differences in COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs. We find that women are significantly less likely than men to endorse COVID-19 conspiracy theories and that this gender difference cuts across party lines. Our analysis suggests that this gender gap is partially explained by two dispositional factors: learned helplessness and conspiratorial thinking. Our findings qualify past work on the antecedents of conspirac…

  • Gender, Benevolent Sexism, and Public Health Compliance

    Open Access•Philip Chen, Christina Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Politics & Gender•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Growing research shows a correlation between gender, benevolent sexism, partisanship, and COVID-19 public health compliance. We show first that women are more likely than men to engage in protective behaviors to slow the spread of COVID-19. We also find that while Republicans and Independents are less likely to comply with these measures, benevolent sexism moderates the effect of partisanship and can increase compliance. These results suggest tha…

  • Self-Affirmation and Identity-Driven Political Behavior

    Open Access•Benjamin Lyons, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Experimental Political…•2021•Cited by: 6•References: 23

    Psychological attachment to political parties can bias people’s attitudes, beliefs, and group evaluations. Studies from psychology suggest that self-affirmation theory may ameliorate this problem in the domain of politics on a variety of outcome measures. We report a series of studies conducted by separate research teams that examine whether a self-affirmation intervention affects a variety of outcomes, including political or policy attitudes, fa…

  • Political Misinformation in the Digital Age During a Pandemic

    Andrea De Angelis, Christina E Farhart et al.•BOOK•Political Misinformation in the…•2022

    High quality information is critical for the functioning of democracy. Yet, in the era of growing prominence of social media and a high choice news media environment, it is increasingly difficult for citizens to judge the quality of the information they encounter in their daily lives. This Research Topic centers around two critical challenges for the scholarship on political misinformation. First, on the demand-side, questions remain around who i…

  • Racialized Pandemic

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Philip Chen•ARTICLE•Frontiers in Political Science•2022•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    As national and international health agencies rushed to respond to the global spread of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as COVID-19), one challenge these organizations faced was the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus. Troublingly, much of the misinformation was couched in racialized language, particularly regarding the source of the virus and responsibility for its spread, fostering the development of…

  • Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election

    Open Access•Celso Federico, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•The Forum•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 22

    Recent work suggests that collective narcissism—an exaggerated, unrealistic belief in an in-group’s greatness that demands constant external validation—is a reliable predictor of authoritarian-populist hostility toward democratic norms, processes, and outcomes. In the present study, we use a recent survey of American adults to examine the relationship between collective narcissism and perceptions that the 2020 election in the US was illegitimate.…

  • By any memes necessary

    Open Access•Christina E Farhart, Erin B Fitz et al.•ARTICLE•Research & Politics•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 13

    Although a growing body of scholarship examines who believes conspiracy theories (CTs) and why, less is known about why people share CTs. We test the impact of three independent motives on people’s willingness to share CTs on social media: bolstering their or their group’s beliefs (motivated sharing), generating collective action against their political outgroup because of losing (sounding the alarm), and mobilizing others against the political s…

  • Timing Matters

    Open Access•Aaron Rosenthal, Christina E Farhart•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 2•References: 72

  • Are Republicans and Conservatives More Likely to Believe Conspiracy Theories

    Open Access•A M Enders, Adam Enders et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2023•Cited by: 38•References: 54

  • Public Communication about Science in 68 Countries

    Open Access•Niels G Mede, Viktoria Cologna et al.•ARTICLE•Science Communication•2025•References: 11

    This 68-country survey ( n = 71,922) examines science information diets and communication behavior, identifies cross-country differences, and tests how such differences are associated with sociopolitical and economic conditions. We find that social media are the most used sources of science information in most countries, except those with democratic-corporatist media systems where news media tend to be used more widely. People in collectivist soc…

  • Losers’ Conspiracy

    Open Access•Joanne M Miller, Christina E Farhart et al.•ARTICLE•Political Behavior•2025•References: 73

    Elections produce winners and losers. Winners reap the benefits; losers have to dust themselves off. How each side chooses to respond has important implications for democratic stability. Winners may attempt to develop post-election narratives in such a way as to claim a mandate and consolidate power. But losers are even more likely to be motivated to search for an explanation—a narrative that not only explains the loss in a self-esteem preserving…

  • Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries

    Open Access•Viktoria Cologna, Niels G Mede et al.•ARTICLE•Nature Human Behaviour•2025•Cited by: 7•References: 76

    Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most p…

Political science (14 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Politics (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Misinformation and Its Impacts (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Law (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection (6 works)

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