Nicole Westmarland
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 204073 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Nicole Westmarland |
| PRENOMES | Nicole |
| SOBRENOME | Westmarland |
| ASSINATURA | WESTMARLAND N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Durham University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1964-248X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 4 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2006 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
There are too many women with love brains’
While there exists increasing awareness and legal remedies in relation to domestic violence in China, victim-blaming still exists – especially in online discourse. This research investigated public reactions to domestic violence in China, using comments made by women on Weibo – China’s largest social media platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse 500 comments related to four extremely high-profile domestic violence cases. The analysis reve…
Searching for a needle in a haystack? An exploratory study into the policing of ‘needle spiking’ in the UK
In autumn 2021 social media posts about ‘needle’ spiking - the injecting of a person with drugs without their consent – began to circulate in the UK. This research supplements media articles and official documents with new empirical data (885 incidents from 32 police forces obtained via Freedom of Information requests and five interviews with victims). The purpose of the article is to document what is known about needle spiking and to identify ho…
Responding to child and adolescent‐to‐parent violence and abuse from a distance
Working with families living with child and adolescent‐to‐parent violence raises a number of challenges which were compounded during the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this article, UK umbrella organisation ‘Respect’ is used as a case study to explore how 10 practitioners navigated social, emotional and safeguarding concerns that occurred when transitioning to remote working. Engagement with children and young people proved difficult, especially for those…
We adapted because we had to”
Purpose This study explores responses by domestic violence perpetrator programme (DVPP) providers of three Western countries (UK, USA and Australia) to the COVID-19 pandemic and population movement control measures on their practice. The purpose of this paper was to offer an evidence base for changes to programme and intervention delivery around domestic violence to sustain integrity of safe, effective working practices with perpetrators, survivo…
I’m a red-blooded male’
The ways in which gendered expectations of women are used to maintain power and control by male perpetrators of domestic abuse are now well understood. It is also increasingly recognised that men can be victims of domestic abuse. This has led to calls to de-gender theories of violence and abuse, and arguments that the feminist theories which underpin many interventions are outdated. We draw on the experiences of 344 men using a helpline for male …
Teaching for social change
This article introduces and evaluates ‘scrapbooking’ as a critical pedagogic approach to gender-based violence (GBV). This approach is inspired by the rapid development of conceptual and methodological tools for researching violence and abuse and the need for their translation into transformative teaching. Drawing on a feminist methodology of ‘research conversations’, but original in its development of ‘pedagogic conversations’, this research adv…
A genuine one usually sticks out a mile’
In 2015, legislation was enacted in England and Wales to criminalise coercive control. While there has been considerable debate on the merits of the law, there has been little empirical study of its use in practice. This paper presents findings from a focused ethnography conducted in two police forces in England. Field observations with first response officers and specialist investigators reveal structural and social-cultural contexts that mitiga…
A problem solved is a problem created
Domestic violence perpetrator programmes are a frequently used intervention to respond to perpetrators of domestic violence. However, there is considerable concern about the use of ‘online’, ‘virtual’, or ‘digital’ programmes delivered remotely. Policy and practice have developed at pace through the COVID-19 pandemic and research is lacking. This exploratory research examined the challenges and opportunities associated with a pilot online program…
It’s a work in progress’
Over the past ten years the theoretical framework of ‘coercive control’ has been increasingly applied, critiqued and now underpins a criminal offence. While many argue that it more accurately reflects experiences of victimisation, there has been little exploration of coercive control through the accounts of perpetrators. Through two phased interviews with 64 men attending UK Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes, we examine how and why men use…
Using restorative justice approaches to police domestic violence and abuse
The use of restorative justice in cases of domestic abuse is highly controversial. While little is known about how restorative approaches are used by the police, recent research shows they are used on a widespread basis to respond to domestic abuse throughout England and Wales (Westmarland et al, 2018). This study delves deeper, to look at 62 cases within one police force. Qualitative police data extracted from force systems were analysed to disc…
Kaleidoscopic Justice
This article proposes a more multifaceted way of thinking about victim-survivors’ perceptions of justice; what we have termed ‘kaleidoscopic justice’. Developed from an empirical investigation with 20 victim-survivors of sexual violence, kaleidoscopic justice understands justice as a constantly shifting pattern; justice constantly refracted through new experiences or understandings; justice as an ever-evolving, nuanced and lived experience. Withi…
Under the Radar
The suitability of ‘out of court resolutions’ (restorative justice and community resolutions) in cases of domestic abuse is theoretically contentious and empirically under-researched. This study investigated the nature and extent of out of court resolutions for domestic abuse using the Freedom of Information Act. Out of court resolutions were used by every UK police force except Scotland to respond to over 5,000 domestic abuse incidents (includin…
Rape of Older People in the United Kingdom
Despite extensive research on rape and sexual violence, there exists an important gap in knowledge around older victims. This gap exists in relation to national statistics (the Crime Survey for England and Wales has an upper age limit of 59 for intimate violence), and by both criminologists and gerontologists. This research used an under-utilized method by criminologists-freedom of information requests to police forces. Data were obtained from 45…
Time Out”
This article critically explores accounts of how men attending domestic violence perpetrator programs (DVPP) used the "time out" strategy. Findings are drawn from 71 semi-structured interviews with 44 men attending DVPPs and 27 female partners or ex-partners of men in DVPPs. We describe three ways in which the technique was used: first, as intended, to interrupt potential physical violence; second, through the effective adaption of the time-out r…
Older sex offenders – managing risk in the community from a policing perspective
Although there has been an increase in research and policy attention examining sex offenders, their motivations and how ‘risk’ should be managed in relation to registered sex offenders in the community, the majority of these efforts have concentrated on young offenders. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study involving interviews with offender managers working in six forces across England and Wales. The study produced a number o…
Ethics in Violence and Abuse Research - a Positive Empowerment Approach
Research governance, including research ethics committees and data protection legislation, is invested in protecting the individual rights of participants in social care and health research. Increasingly funders expect evidence of outcomes that engage with 'service users', making research critical in supporting social interventions to compete for scant resources in an economic climate marked by 'austerity' ( Sullivan 2011 ). This article focuses …
Why Extending Measurements of 'Success' in Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes Matters for Social Work
Ever since domestic violence gained prominence on the social policy agenda, the focus of interventions has been on victims. A range of studies on social work/social welfare note the invisibility and/or lack of interventions aimed at domestic violence perpetrators. The exception has been perpetrator programmes (known in the USA as batterer intervention programmes, or BIPs), which increasingly receive referrals from social workers. However, there r…
I Just Wanted Him to Hear Me’
The use of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence is highly contentious. Some argue that it may trivialize violence against women, revictimize the vulnerable, and endanger the safety of victim‐survivors. On the other hand, from the perspective of victim‐survivors, it may enable us to hear their stories more holistically, offering greater control and validation, and reduce victim‐blaming. It may also provide an additional opportunity to s…
Women and the Criminal Justice System
Women and the Criminal Justice System
International approaches to prostitution
What is to be done about prostitution? Is it work or is it violence? Are women involved in prostitution offenders or victims? Is prostitution a private or a political issue? The answers to these questions vary depending on many factors, including where in the world you live. This book provides a valuable, detailed international comparison of the laws, policies and interventions in eight countries across Europe (England and Wales, France, Sweden a…
International Approaches to Prostitution
This book provides the first comprehensive review of the increase in the UK and internationally in the number of disability-related support services controlled by disabled people themselves. It highlights the need for greater user involvement in service provision and delivery.
International approaches to prostitution
International approaches to prostitutionLaw and policy in Europe and Asia
The issue of prostitution brings to the fore many of the contradictions in feminist politics, and the ambivalence in dealing with issues of sexuality reflected both in Asian and Western feminist politics. This chapter presents a brief insight into how our own personal views on prostitution have developed in order to ‘situate’ or ‘locate’ our knowledge about it. The rest of this book tries to move away from the individual perspectives on prostitut…
International approaches to prostitution
Kaleidoscopic Justice
This article proposes a more multifaceted way of thinking about victim-survivors’ perceptions of justice; what we have termed ‘kaleidoscopic justice’. Developed from an empirical investigation with 20 victim-survivors of sexual violence, kaleidoscopic justice understands justice as a constantly shifting pattern; justice constantly refracted through new experiences or understandings; justice as an ever-evolving, nuanced and lived experience. Withi…
Why Extending Measurements of 'Success' in Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes Matters for Social Work
Ever since domestic violence gained prominence on the social policy agenda, the focus of interventions has been on victims. A range of studies on social work/social welfare note the invisibility and/or lack of interventions aimed at domestic violence perpetrators. The exception has been perpetrator programmes (known in the USA as batterer intervention programmes, or BIPs), which increasingly receive referrals from social workers. However, there r…
A genuine one usually sticks out a mile’
In 2015, legislation was enacted in England and Wales to criminalise coercive control. While there has been considerable debate on the merits of the law, there has been little empirical study of its use in practice. This paper presents findings from a focused ethnography conducted in two police forces in England. Field observations with first response officers and specialist investigators reveal structural and social-cultural contexts that mitiga…
Ethics in Violence and Abuse Research - a Positive Empowerment Approach
Research governance, including research ethics committees and data protection legislation, is invested in protecting the individual rights of participants in social care and health research. Increasingly funders expect evidence of outcomes that engage with 'service users', making research critical in supporting social interventions to compete for scant resources in an economic climate marked by 'austerity' ( Sullivan 2011 ). This article focuses …
I Just Wanted Him to Hear Me’
The use of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence is highly contentious. Some argue that it may trivialize violence against women, revictimize the vulnerable, and endanger the safety of victim‐survivors. On the other hand, from the perspective of victim‐survivors, it may enable us to hear their stories more holistically, offering greater control and validation, and reduce victim‐blaming. It may also provide an additional opportunity to s…
Rape of Older People in the United Kingdom
Despite extensive research on rape and sexual violence, there exists an important gap in knowledge around older victims. This gap exists in relation to national statistics (the Crime Survey for England and Wales has an upper age limit of 59 for intimate violence), and by both criminologists and gerontologists. This research used an under-utilized method by criminologists-freedom of information requests to police forces. Data were obtained from 45…
Older sex offenders – managing risk in the community from a policing perspective
Although there has been an increase in research and policy attention examining sex offenders, their motivations and how ‘risk’ should be managed in relation to registered sex offenders in the community, the majority of these efforts have concentrated on young offenders. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study involving interviews with offender managers working in six forces across England and Wales. The study produced a number o…
I’m a red-blooded male’
The ways in which gendered expectations of women are used to maintain power and control by male perpetrators of domestic abuse are now well understood. It is also increasingly recognised that men can be victims of domestic abuse. This has led to calls to de-gender theories of violence and abuse, and arguments that the feminist theories which underpin many interventions are outdated. We draw on the experiences of 344 men using a helpline for male …
Under the Radar
The suitability of ‘out of court resolutions’ (restorative justice and community resolutions) in cases of domestic abuse is theoretically contentious and empirically under-researched. This study investigated the nature and extent of out of court resolutions for domestic abuse using the Freedom of Information Act. Out of court resolutions were used by every UK police force except Scotland to respond to over 5,000 domestic abuse incidents (includin…
Time Out”
This article critically explores accounts of how men attending domestic violence perpetrator programs (DVPP) used the "time out" strategy. Findings are drawn from 71 semi-structured interviews with 44 men attending DVPPs and 27 female partners or ex-partners of men in DVPPs. We describe three ways in which the technique was used: first, as intended, to interrupt potential physical violence; second, through the effective adaption of the time-out r…
International approaches to prostitution
What is to be done about prostitution? Is it work or is it violence? Are women involved in prostitution offenders or victims? Is prostitution a private or a political issue? The answers to these questions vary depending on many factors, including where in the world you live. This book provides a valuable, detailed international comparison of the laws, policies and interventions in eight countries across Europe (England and Wales, France, Sweden a…
International Approaches to Prostitution
This book provides the first comprehensive review of the increase in the UK and internationally in the number of disability-related support services controlled by disabled people themselves. It highlights the need for greater user involvement in service provision and delivery.
International approaches to prostitution
International approaches to prostitutionLaw and policy in Europe and Asia
The issue of prostitution brings to the fore many of the contradictions in feminist politics, and the ambivalence in dealing with issues of sexuality reflected both in Asian and Western feminist politics. This chapter presents a brief insight into how our own personal views on prostitution have developed in order to ‘situate’ or ‘locate’ our knowledge about it. The rest of this book tries to move away from the individual perspectives on prostitut…
International approaches to prostitution
Women and the Criminal Justice System
Women and the Criminal Justice System
I Just Wanted Him to Hear Me’
The use of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence is highly contentious. Some argue that it may trivialize violence against women, revictimize the vulnerable, and endanger the safety of victim‐survivors. On the other hand, from the perspective of victim‐survivors, it may enable us to hear their stories more holistically, offering greater control and validation, and reduce victim‐blaming. It may also provide an additional opportunity to s…
Why Extending Measurements of 'Success' in Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes Matters for Social Work
Ever since domestic violence gained prominence on the social policy agenda, the focus of interventions has been on victims. A range of studies on social work/social welfare note the invisibility and/or lack of interventions aimed at domestic violence perpetrators. The exception has been perpetrator programmes (known in the USA as batterer intervention programmes, or BIPs), which increasingly receive referrals from social workers. However, there r…
Ethics in Violence and Abuse Research - a Positive Empowerment Approach
Research governance, including research ethics committees and data protection legislation, is invested in protecting the individual rights of participants in social care and health research. Increasingly funders expect evidence of outcomes that engage with 'service users', making research critical in supporting social interventions to compete for scant resources in an economic climate marked by 'austerity' ( Sullivan 2011 ). This article focuses …
Time Out”
This article critically explores accounts of how men attending domestic violence perpetrator programs (DVPP) used the "time out" strategy. Findings are drawn from 71 semi-structured interviews with 44 men attending DVPPs and 27 female partners or ex-partners of men in DVPPs. We describe three ways in which the technique was used: first, as intended, to interrupt potential physical violence; second, through the effective adaption of the time-out r…
Older sex offenders – managing risk in the community from a policing perspective
Although there has been an increase in research and policy attention examining sex offenders, their motivations and how ‘risk’ should be managed in relation to registered sex offenders in the community, the majority of these efforts have concentrated on young offenders. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study involving interviews with offender managers working in six forces across England and Wales. The study produced a number o…
Rape of Older People in the United Kingdom
Despite extensive research on rape and sexual violence, there exists an important gap in knowledge around older victims. This gap exists in relation to national statistics (the Crime Survey for England and Wales has an upper age limit of 59 for intimate violence), and by both criminologists and gerontologists. This research used an under-utilized method by criminologists-freedom of information requests to police forces. Data were obtained from 45…
Using restorative justice approaches to police domestic violence and abuse
The use of restorative justice in cases of domestic abuse is highly controversial. While little is known about how restorative approaches are used by the police, recent research shows they are used on a widespread basis to respond to domestic abuse throughout England and Wales (Westmarland et al, 2018). This study delves deeper, to look at 62 cases within one police force. Qualitative police data extracted from force systems were analysed to disc…
Kaleidoscopic Justice
This article proposes a more multifaceted way of thinking about victim-survivors’ perceptions of justice; what we have termed ‘kaleidoscopic justice’. Developed from an empirical investigation with 20 victim-survivors of sexual violence, kaleidoscopic justice understands justice as a constantly shifting pattern; justice constantly refracted through new experiences or understandings; justice as an ever-evolving, nuanced and lived experience. Withi…
Under the Radar
The suitability of ‘out of court resolutions’ (restorative justice and community resolutions) in cases of domestic abuse is theoretically contentious and empirically under-researched. This study investigated the nature and extent of out of court resolutions for domestic abuse using the Freedom of Information Act. Out of court resolutions were used by every UK police force except Scotland to respond to over 5,000 domestic abuse incidents (includin…
It’s a work in progress’
Over the past ten years the theoretical framework of ‘coercive control’ has been increasingly applied, critiqued and now underpins a criminal offence. While many argue that it more accurately reflects experiences of victimisation, there has been little exploration of coercive control through the accounts of perpetrators. Through two phased interviews with 64 men attending UK Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes, we examine how and why men use…
A problem solved is a problem created
Domestic violence perpetrator programmes are a frequently used intervention to respond to perpetrators of domestic violence. However, there is considerable concern about the use of ‘online’, ‘virtual’, or ‘digital’ programmes delivered remotely. Policy and practice have developed at pace through the COVID-19 pandemic and research is lacking. This exploratory research examined the challenges and opportunities associated with a pilot online program…
Teaching for social change
This article introduces and evaluates ‘scrapbooking’ as a critical pedagogic approach to gender-based violence (GBV). This approach is inspired by the rapid development of conceptual and methodological tools for researching violence and abuse and the need for their translation into transformative teaching. Drawing on a feminist methodology of ‘research conversations’, but original in its development of ‘pedagogic conversations’, this research adv…
A genuine one usually sticks out a mile’
In 2015, legislation was enacted in England and Wales to criminalise coercive control. While there has been considerable debate on the merits of the law, there has been little empirical study of its use in practice. This paper presents findings from a focused ethnography conducted in two police forces in England. Field observations with first response officers and specialist investigators reveal structural and social-cultural contexts that mitiga…
Responding to child and adolescent‐to‐parent violence and abuse from a distance
Working with families living with child and adolescent‐to‐parent violence raises a number of challenges which were compounded during the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this article, UK umbrella organisation ‘Respect’ is used as a case study to explore how 10 practitioners navigated social, emotional and safeguarding concerns that occurred when transitioning to remote working. Engagement with children and young people proved difficult, especially for those…
We adapted because we had to”
Purpose This study explores responses by domestic violence perpetrator programme (DVPP) providers of three Western countries (UK, USA and Australia) to the COVID-19 pandemic and population movement control measures on their practice. The purpose of this paper was to offer an evidence base for changes to programme and intervention delivery around domestic violence to sustain integrity of safe, effective working practices with perpetrators, survivo…
I’m a red-blooded male’
The ways in which gendered expectations of women are used to maintain power and control by male perpetrators of domestic abuse are now well understood. It is also increasingly recognised that men can be victims of domestic abuse. This has led to calls to de-gender theories of violence and abuse, and arguments that the feminist theories which underpin many interventions are outdated. We draw on the experiences of 344 men using a helpline for male …
There are too many women with love brains’
While there exists increasing awareness and legal remedies in relation to domestic violence in China, victim-blaming still exists – especially in online discourse. This research investigated public reactions to domestic violence in China, using comments made by women on Weibo – China’s largest social media platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse 500 comments related to four extremely high-profile domestic violence cases. The analysis reve…
Searching for a needle in a haystack? An exploratory study into the policing of ‘needle spiking’ in the UK
In autumn 2021 social media posts about ‘needle’ spiking - the injecting of a person with drugs without their consent – began to circulate in the UK. This research supplements media articles and official documents with new empirical data (885 incidents from 32 police forces obtained via Freedom of Information requests and five interviews with victims). The purpose of the article is to document what is known about needle spiking and to identify ho…
Criminology (19 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Psychology (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Poison control (13 obras) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (12 obras) · Law (12 obras) · Medicine (12 obras) · Suicide prevention (11 obras) · Domestic violence (10 obras)