D F Greenberg
Biographic Data
| ID | 20467 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D F Greenberg |
| GIVEN NAMES | D F |
| FAMILY NAME | Greenberg |
| SIGNATURE | GREENBERG D F |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5141-9616 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 383 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Multilevel Modeling
Multilevel modeling is a statistical method for taking contextual effects into account. In contrast to conventional regression‐type models, in which a single set of constant coefficients applies to all cases being studied, multilevel modeling allows the coefficients in the equation governing individual cases to depend deterministically or randomly on the context in which they appear. Though originally devised for linear models, multilevel modelin…
Respectability on Trial: Sex Crimes in New York City, 1900-1918
Punishment, Division of Labor, and Social Solidarity
A long-standing sociological tradition considers the type of social control measures utilized in a society to be determined by its more fundamental features. To social scientists inspired by Marx, the mode of production in a society, the demand for exploitable labor, and the kinds and intensity of class conflict are fundamental determinants. Prison expansion is only one of many ways punishment policy has been toughening. The toughening of crimina…
Illegal drug markets and victimizing crime in New York
The Evolutionary Explanation of Man–Boy Eroticism: Comment on Rind (2015)
Objectives: The paper comments on Bruce Rind's (this volume, 2013) attempts to explain the origins of erotic attraction and relationships between boys and men in the process of natural selection in the course of human evolution. Methods: Cross-species, historical and cross-cultural evidence are used. Conclusions: For most individuals, man-boy eroticism could be a facultative trait, not an obligatory trait. Its evolutionary origins and its social …
Executions, Imprisonment and Crime in Trinidad and Tobago
The effect of death sentences, executions and imprisonment on crime rates in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is assessed using annual time series data from 1955 to 2005. Policy implications of the research findings are drawn, and speculations are offered as to the reasons for the recent large increase in homicide rates.
Siting the Death Penalty Internationally: Siting the Death Penalty Internationally
We examine sources of variation in possession and use of the death penalty using data drawn from 193 nations in order to test theories of punishment. We find the death penalty to be rooted in a country's legal and political systems, and to be influenced by its religious traditions. A country's level of economic development, its educational attainment, and its religious composition shape its political institutions and practices, indirectly affecti…
Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders
Plaisir D'Amour
Long‐term Trends in Crimes of Violence (Comment on Cooney, 2003)
Empirical and theoretical issues posed by Mark Cooney's (2003) analysis of long‐term trends in crimes of violence are discussed
Striking out in democracy
Novus Ordo Saeclorum: A Commentary on Downes, and on Beckett and Western
The article discusses methodological and interpretive issues raised by Beckett and Western's (2001) statistical analysis of US state imprisonment rates. It considers Downes' (2001) argument that market economies generate high crime rates and high levels of punitiveness and questions whether Europe's penal history will follow that of the United States
State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971–1991
We extend earlier analyses of the factors that explain differences among the U.S. states in imprisonment rates by demonstrating the importance of state culture and political arrangements to the explanation of imprisonment rates, and growth in those rates, for the years 1971–1991
Human rights violations and the prison system
A dynamic systems model of dyadic interaction
We develop a differential equation model of dyadic interaction that embodies the basic assumption that members of intimate couples form an interactive system in which the behavior of each member of a couple is influenced by the other's behavior and by goals that each person has for herself or himself. The dynamic solutions of this system suggest that when each person in the dyad is “cooperative”, then an equilibrium can be approached. The equilib…
Sociology
Race, Labor, and Punishment in the New South
The Generality of Deviance
Comparing Criminal Career Models
Modeling Criminal Careers
A stochastic model of criminal careers embodying the assumptions of Gottfredson and Hirschi (1986, 1988) is used as a tool to examine the arguments and claims that have been raised in the recent debate over the nature of criminal careers. The model is used to fit aggregate career data in different jurisdictions and to explain racial and sex patterns in recidivism data. Some of the arguments that have been deployed on both sides of this debate are…
The Construction of Homosexuality
Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime: Problems and Prospects
The Socio-Sexual Milieu of theLove-Letters
No abstract available for this article
The Construction of Homosexuality
The Evolution of Law
State Prison Populations and Their Growth, 1971–1991
We extend earlier analyses of the factors that explain differences among the U.S. states in imprisonment rates by demonstrating the importance of state culture and political arrangements to the explanation of imprisonment rates, and growth in those rates, for the years 1971–1991
Age, Crime, and Social Explanation
Hirschi and Gottfredson have recently argued that proposed sociological explanations of the observed relationship between age and crime are in error. This present article contends that their arguments rest on faulty logic and on misstatements of the empirical evidence currently available
A Panel Model of Crime Rates and Arrest Rates
In this paper, panel models for crime rates and arrest rates are utilized to separate the effect of law enforcement from several other processes that have been advanced as possible determinants of an enforcement-crime relationship. When models of this type are estimated for official index crime rates in a sample of U.S. cities for the years 1964-1970, no meaningful relationship between arrest rates and crime rates is found. This finding permits u…
Siting the Death Penalty Internationally: Siting the Death Penalty Internationally
We examine sources of variation in possession and use of the death penalty using data drawn from 193 nations in order to test theories of punishment. We find the death penalty to be rooted in a country's legal and political systems, and to be influenced by its religious traditions. A country's level of economic development, its educational attainment, and its religious composition shape its political institutions and practices, indirectly affecti…
Modeling Criminal Careers
A stochastic model of criminal careers embodying the assumptions of Gottfredson and Hirschi (1986, 1988) is used as a tool to examine the arguments and claims that have been raised in the recent debate over the nature of criminal careers. The model is used to fit aggregate career data in different jurisdictions and to explain racial and sex patterns in recidivism data. Some of the arguments that have been deployed on both sides of this debate are…
The Incapacitative Effect of Imprisonment: Some Estimates
Recent research on the functions of imprisonment has begun to provide quantitative, empirical knowledge of its rehabilitative and deterrent effects. Much less is known, however, about the incapacitative effect of imprisonment. While it has long been understood that the physical segregation of prison inmates prevents them from engaging in some criminal activity (as well as much non-criminal activity) during the period of their confinement, quantit…
Socioeconomic Status and Criminal Sentences: Is There an Association
The Effect of Arrests on Crime: A Multivariate Panel Analysis
We estimate multiwave panel models for the effect of clearance rates and a vector of socioeconomic control variables on index crimes, using a sample of 98 U.S. cities for the years 1964–70. No consistent evidence of a substantial effect is found
The Effect of Police Employment on Crime
The effects of police employment on index violent trim rates and index property crime rates are studied using a maximum likelihood technique to estimate two‐wave multivariate panel models. Separate analyses are carried out for a sample of 252 U.S. suburbs and for a sample of 269 U.S. cities for the years 1960 and 1970
Donald Black's Sociology of Law: A Critique
The paper examines the theoretical and empirical adequacy of Donald Black's (1976) The Behavior of Law. The work is found to be logically incoherent and its operationalization of variables problematic. The evidence that bears on its propositions does not consistently support them
Christian Intolerance of Homosexuality
From late antiquity to the Middle Ages there was historical variability in Christian responses to homosexuality. This paper traces Christian intolerance of homosexuality to the ascetic movements that arose from the social crises of the ancient Mediterranean world and to the Gregorian reforms of the medieval Church
Penal Sanctions in Poland: A Test of Alternative Models
Two different explanations have been proposed for the oscillatory behavior of imprisonment rates in several western capitalist nations. One of these is based on the Durkheimian model of a collective conscience that responds homeostatically to deviance; the other sees prison populations as changing in response to unemployment. These explanations are tested with data on crime and imprisonment in twentieth-century Poland. Neither explanation is conf…
Why Was the Berdache Ridiculed
Several anthropological explanation of why North American Indian berdaches were riduculed are considered and rejected in favor of the proposal that berdaches were laughed at largely in the context of traditional joking relationships. Consequently, reports that Indians ridiculed berdaches need not be interpreted as evidence that they held negative views of homosexuality
Striking out in democracy
Comparing Criminal Career Models
Long‐term Trends in Crimes of Violence (Comment on Cooney, 2003)
Empirical and theoretical issues posed by Mark Cooney's (2003) analysis of long‐term trends in crimes of violence are discussed
A dynamic systems model of dyadic interaction
We develop a differential equation model of dyadic interaction that embodies the basic assumption that members of intimate couples form an interactive system in which the behavior of each member of a couple is influenced by the other's behavior and by goals that each person has for herself or himself. The dynamic solutions of this system suggest that when each person in the dyad is “cooperative”, then an equilibrium can be approached. The equilib…
Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime: Problems and Prospects
Resistance to Conventionality in the Sociology of Law: A Rejoinder to Horwitz
Allan Horwitz and I are in full agreement about the value of studying the extralegal sources of statutory law (such as vagrancy legislation) or of governmental social control (whether or not it is identified as law). A good deal of my own work has concerned just this (Greenberg, 1977; 1980; forthcoming; Humphries and Greenberg, 1981; forthcoming; Loftin et al., 1981
On one-dimensional Marxist criminology
The Construction of Homosexuality
Equilibrium and Identification in Linear Panel Models
In this article we investigate an approach for simultaneously estimating cross-lagged and cross-instantaneous causal influences in two-variable, multiwave, linear panel models introduced by Greenberg et al. This approach requires observations over at least three time points and achieves identification by making assumptions about the consistency of parameter values across the adjacent time intervals 1-2 and 2-3. Our analysis demonstrates that mult…
Executions, Imprisonment and Crime in Trinidad and Tobago
The effect of death sentences, executions and imprisonment on crime rates in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is assessed using annual time series data from 1955 to 2005. Policy implications of the research findings are drawn, and speculations are offered as to the reasons for the recent large increase in homicide rates.
Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-Term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders
Novus Ordo Saeclorum: A Commentary on Downes, and on Beckett and Western
The article discusses methodological and interpretive issues raised by Beckett and Western's (2001) statistical analysis of US state imprisonment rates. It considers Downes' (2001) argument that market economies generate high crime rates and high levels of punitiveness and questions whether Europe's penal history will follow that of the United States
The Time Game: Two Views of a Prison. Anthony J. Manocchio , Jimmy Dunn Inside: Prison American Style. Robert Minton, Jr. Sentencing in a Rational Society. Nigel Walker
They're Bringing It All Back: Police on the Homefront.National Action and Research on the Military-Industrial Complex
Explaining Delinquency. Lamar T. Empey , Steven G. Lubeck , Ronald L. LaPorte Prison Treatment and Parole Survival. Gene Kassebaum , David A. Ward , Daniel M. Wilner , Renee Ward , John Vincent Senten…
Male and Female Homosexuality: A Comprehensive Investigation
The Incapacitative Effect of Imprisonment: Some Estimates
Recent research on the functions of imprisonment has begun to provide quantitative, empirical knowledge of its rehabilitative and deterrent effects. Much less is known, however, about the incapacitative effect of imprisonment. While it has long been understood that the physical segregation of prison inmates prevents them from engaging in some criminal activity (as well as much non-criminal activity) during the period of their confinement, quantit…
A Nation without Prisons: Alternatives to Incarceration
On one-dimensional Marxist criminology
Delinquency and the age structure of society
Socioeconomic Status and Criminal Sentences: Is There an Association
American Prisons: A History of Good Intentions. Blake McKelvey Prison Reform and State Elites. Richard A. Berk , Peter H. Rossi
A Panel Model of Crime Rates and Arrest Rates
In this paper, panel models for crime rates and arrest rates are utilized to separate the effect of law enforcement from several other processes that have been advanced as possible determinants of an enforcement-crime relationship. When models of this type are estimated for official index crime rates in a sample of U.S. cities for the years 1964-1970, no meaningful relationship between arrest rates and crime rates is found. This finding permits u…
Penal Sanctions in Poland: A Test of Alternative Models
Two different explanations have been proposed for the oscillatory behavior of imprisonment rates in several western capitalist nations. One of these is based on the Durkheimian model of a collective conscience that responds homeostatically to deviance; the other sees prison populations as changing in response to unemployment. These explanations are tested with data on crime and imprisonment in twentieth-century Poland. Neither explanation is conf…
A Critique of the Immaculate Conception: A Comment on Beirne
I fear that Piers Beirne's discussion of epistemology and theory falsification (in this issue) may have pernicious consequences, not because it is wrong, but because of its emphasis and its omis-sions. Consider Beirne's discussion of the observation of a white raven. While it is true that argu-ments concerning the definition of colors and ornithological disputes regarding the distinguishing features of ravens can complicate the interpretation giv…
Mathematical Criminology
Books in review
The Effect of Arrests on Crime: A Multivariate Panel Analysis
We estimate multiwave panel models for the effect of clearance rates and a vector of socioeconomic control variables on index crimes, using a sample of 98 U.S. cities for the years 1964–70. No consistent evidence of a substantial effect is found
Equilibrium and Identification in Linear Panel Models
In this article we investigate an approach for simultaneously estimating cross-lagged and cross-instantaneous causal influences in two-variable, multiwave, linear panel models introduced by Greenberg et al. This approach requires observations over at least three time points and achieves identification by making assumptions about the consistency of parameter values across the adjacent time intervals 1-2 and 2-3. Our analysis demonstrates that mult…
Christian Intolerance of Homosexuality
From late antiquity to the Middle Ages there was historical variability in Christian responses to homosexuality. This paper traces Christian intolerance of homosexuality to the ascetic movements that arose from the social crises of the ancient Mediterranean world and to the Gregorian reforms of the medieval Church
The Effect of Police Employment on Crime
The effects of police employment on index violent trim rates and index property crime rates are studied using a maximum likelihood technique to estimate two‐wave multivariate panel models. Separate analyses are carried out for a sample of 252 U.S. suburbs and for a sample of 269 U.S. cities for the years 1960 and 1970
Donald Black's Sociology of Law: A Critique
The paper examines the theoretical and empirical adequacy of Donald Black's (1976) The Behavior of Law. The work is found to be logically incoherent and its operationalization of variables problematic. The evidence that bears on its propositions does not consistently support them
Resistance to Conventionality in the Sociology of Law: A Rejoinder to Horwitz
Allan Horwitz and I are in full agreement about the value of studying the extralegal sources of statutory law (such as vagrancy legislation) or of governmental social control (whether or not it is identified as law). A good deal of my own work has concerned just this (Greenberg, 1977; 1980; forthcoming; Humphries and Greenberg, 1981; forthcoming; Loftin et al., 1981
From Substance to Form: The Legal Theories of Pashukanis and Edelman
The history of the 20th century is replete with a welter of state and legal forms to which theory cannot remain indifferent. Over the last eighty years, capitalism has existed with fascism, laissez-faire and interventionist-welfare states with formally representative or autocratic governments, with or without working class parties. It has become, by now, a convention to claim that, Gramsci excepted, classic Marxism does not offer a general theory…
Linear Panel Analysis: Models of Quantitative Change
Capitalism, bureaucracy and male homosexuality
The Economics of Crime and Law Enforcement
Sociology (42 works) · Criminology (29 works) · Political science (26 works) · Psychology (24 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (18 works) · Law (16 works) · Economics (13 works) · Law (10 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works)