David J Mckirnan
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 208503 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David J Mckirnan |
| PRENOMES | David J |
| SOBRENOME | Mckirnan |
| ASSINATURA | MCKIRNAN D J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Chicago |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 288 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2013 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Forgive Me Father for I Have Sinned
This study (n = 84) examined the extent to which a Christian upbringing may inhibit same-sex attracted individuals from accepting a lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identity. No significant differences were found between current and former Christians' positive or negative gay identities. Participants who had left Christianity were more liberal and viewed God as hostile. Participants' "outness" as LGB to their primary network was associated with a…
A longitudinal analysis of HIV treatment adherence among men who have sex with men
HIV is best managed by adhering to both medication and HIV care appointment schedules. Nonetheless, many HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) report low levels of adherence to both. To explain this, we tested a cognitive escape model whereby drug and alcohol use mediate the effects of depression on HIV medication and appointment adherence. We used longitudinal data (n=856) from a behavioral intervention promoting increased treatment adher…
Depressive Symptoms, Illicit Drug Use and HIV/STI Risk Among Sexual Minority Young Adults
This study examined the interaction of depressive symptoms and drug use on HIV/STI risk among sexual minority young adults. Analyses tested the interactive effect of depressive symptoms and drug use on unprotected sex. Among drug users, more depressive symptoms were associated with higher rates of unprotected sex with a male partner (for both male and female participants) but this was non-significant for non-users. Interventions with these groups…
Depression is Associated with Sexual Risk Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, but is Mediated by Cognitive Escape and Self-Efficacy
Ethnic differences in HIV-disclosure and sexual risk
Little is known about ethnic differences in HIV-disclosure to sexual partners or the relationship between HIV-disclosure and sexual risk. Differences in HIV-disclosure rates between African-American and White men who have sex with men (MSM) were analyzed using data from the Treatment Advocacy Program. In general, the findings suggest that African-Americans are less likely than Whites to disclose their HIV status to sexual partners. The findings a…
Health Care Disparities and Behavioral Health Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in several harmful health behaviors more frequently than do non-MSM. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that MSM experience barriers to accessing health care. To investigate health care disparities and health behaviors, we compared data from a diverse MSM sample (N = 871) to data from men from the National Health Interview Survey (N = 7,783). MSM reported less health care access than did general population men, an…
Differences in Sexual Identity, Risk Practices, and Sex Partners between Bisexual Men and Other Men among a Low-Income Drug-Using Sample
Factors Associated with Sexual Risk Behavior Among Persons Living with HIV
The Treatment Advocacy Program-Sinai
Intimate Partner Abuse among Gay and Bisexual Men
Is the Web the culprit? Cognitive escape and Internet sexual risk among gay and bisexual men
HIV vaccine efficacy trial participation
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 men who have sex with men, enrolled in the world's first phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trial at five US sites, regarding their risk reduction counselling experiences and their perceptions of its impact on risk behaviour. Respondents ranged in age from 20 to 58 years and were predominately white (71.4%) in racial/ethnic origin. Systematic qualitative analysis revealed that a positive counselling exper…
Alcohol Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Alcohol use may increase HIV sexual risk behavior, although findings have varied across study populations and methods. Using event-level data from 1,712 seronegative men who have sex with men, the authors tested the hypothesis that social context would moderate the effect of alcohol consumption on unprotected anal sex (UAS). For encounters involving a primary partner, rates of UAS did not vary as a function of alcohol use. However, consumption of…
High-Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 6 US Cities
Objectives. We describe the prevalence of risk behaviors at baseline among men who have sex with men (MSM) who were enrolled in a randomized behavioral intervention trial conducted in 6 US cities. Methods. Data analyses involved MSM who were negative for HIV antibodies and who reported having engaged in anal sex with 1 or more partners in the previous year. Results. Among 4295 men, 48.0% and 54.9%, respectively, reported unprotected receptive and…
An Individually Tailored Intervention for HIV Prevention
Objectives. We describe the intervention tested in EXPLORE, an HIV prevention trial aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM), and test the empirical basis of the individually tailored intervention. Methods. Data on participants’ self-efficacy, communication skills, social norms, and enjoyment of unprotected anal intercourse were examined in relation to sexual risk. Combinations of these factors, together with alcohol use and noninjection drug use…
Expectancies of sexual “escape” and sexual risk among drug- and alcohol-involved gay and bisexual men
Impact of combination therapies on HIV risk perceptions and sexual risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men.
Patterns and Correlates of Risky Behavior Among HIV+ Gay Men
Predictors of movement toward homosexuality
We examined predictors of movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings among behaviorally bisexual men. Two hundred sixteen behaviorally bisexual men, recruited from diverse sources, were interviewed twice, with about one year between interviews. Predictor variables from domains of mental health, sexual behavior, demographics, and substance use were hypothesized to predict movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings. The sample as a whole …
Comparing Gay and Bisexual Men on Sexual Behavior, Condom Use, and Psychosocial Variables Related to HIV/Aids
Sex, drugs and escape
The lack of an effective HIV vaccine or other biomedical intervention means that behavioural change will continue to be critical to the prevention of HIV infection. Despite near universal knowledge of HIV and sexual safety, and widespread intentions to be safe, rates of unprotected sex and HIV sero-conversion remain high among gay and bisexual men. Explanatory models that link risk-taking and prevention to rational processes such as knowledge, so…
Female Partners of Bisexual Men
Individual interviews with 350 behaviorally bisexual men aged 18-30 revealed that 71% of their female sexual partners and 59% of their steady female sexual partners in the past 6 months had not been aware of their homosexual activity. Rates of nondisclosure were higher for African-American than White men. Compared to nondisclosers, men who disclosed to all their female partners were less self-homophobic and perceived their friends, families, and …
Ethnic differences in sexual behavior, condom use, and psychosocial variables among black and white men who have sex with men
We examined ethnic differences in psychosocial variables and sexual behavior with male partners for a sample of Black and White men who have sex with men (N = 515). Within the samples we defined bisexual and gay men according to behavioral criteria. After controlling statistically for differences in demographic variables, we found that Black men, compared to White men, reported fewer male sexual partners, both for their lifetime and the past six …
Bisexually active men
We describe social characteristics and sexual behavior of young, Black or White bisexually active men (N = 536, 52% Black, M age = 25). Bisexual activity appeared to be relatively stable over time: the recruitment criterion was any sex with a man and a woman in the previous three years, yet 60% were bisexually active during the past six months, and 56% began their bisexual activity at least five years prior to the study. Compared to Whites, Black…
Sexual behavior, condom use, disclosure of sexuality, and stability of sexual orientation in bisexual men
Little is known regarding the social and sexual behavior of bisexual men, a population of increasing importance given their risk for HIV transmission. In this exploratory study, we described a sample of 105 self‐identified bisexual men recruited through a newspaper ad and interviewed in person. Our objectives were to (a) describe their social characteristics and reported sexual behavior with males and females; (b) assess rates of disclosure of se…
Bisexually active men
We describe social characteristics and sexual behavior of young, Black or White bisexually active men (N = 536, 52% Black, M age = 25). Bisexual activity appeared to be relatively stable over time: the recruitment criterion was any sex with a man and a woman in the previous three years, yet 60% were bisexually active during the past six months, and 56% began their bisexual activity at least five years prior to the study. Compared to Whites, Black…
Sexual behavior, condom use, disclosure of sexuality, and stability of sexual orientation in bisexual men
Little is known regarding the social and sexual behavior of bisexual men, a population of increasing importance given their risk for HIV transmission. In this exploratory study, we described a sample of 105 self‐identified bisexual men recruited through a newspaper ad and interviewed in person. Our objectives were to (a) describe their social characteristics and reported sexual behavior with males and females; (b) assess rates of disclosure of se…
High-Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 6 US Cities
Objectives. We describe the prevalence of risk behaviors at baseline among men who have sex with men (MSM) who were enrolled in a randomized behavioral intervention trial conducted in 6 US cities. Methods. Data analyses involved MSM who were negative for HIV antibodies and who reported having engaged in anal sex with 1 or more partners in the previous year. Results. Among 4295 men, 48.0% and 54.9%, respectively, reported unprotected receptive and…
Ethnic differences in sexual behavior, condom use, and psychosocial variables among black and white men who have sex with men
We examined ethnic differences in psychosocial variables and sexual behavior with male partners for a sample of Black and White men who have sex with men (N = 515). Within the samples we defined bisexual and gay men according to behavioral criteria. After controlling statistically for differences in demographic variables, we found that Black men, compared to White men, reported fewer male sexual partners, both for their lifetime and the past six …
Predictors of movement toward homosexuality
We examined predictors of movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings among behaviorally bisexual men. Two hundred sixteen behaviorally bisexual men, recruited from diverse sources, were interviewed twice, with about one year between interviews. Predictor variables from domains of mental health, sexual behavior, demographics, and substance use were hypothesized to predict movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings. The sample as a whole …
Female Partners of Bisexual Men
Individual interviews with 350 behaviorally bisexual men aged 18-30 revealed that 71% of their female sexual partners and 59% of their steady female sexual partners in the past 6 months had not been aware of their homosexual activity. Rates of nondisclosure were higher for African-American than White men. Compared to nondisclosers, men who disclosed to all their female partners were less self-homophobic and perceived their friends, families, and …
Comparing Gay and Bisexual Men on Sexual Behavior, Condom Use, and Psychosocial Variables Related to HIV/Aids
Intimate Partner Abuse among Gay and Bisexual Men
A sociolinguistic approach to the belief-similarity model of racial attitudes
An Individually Tailored Intervention for HIV Prevention
Objectives. We describe the intervention tested in EXPLORE, an HIV prevention trial aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM), and test the empirical basis of the individually tailored intervention. Methods. Data on participants’ self-efficacy, communication skills, social norms, and enjoyment of unprotected anal intercourse were examined in relation to sexual risk. Combinations of these factors, together with alcohol use and noninjection drug use…
Speech Norms and Attitudes Toward Outgroup Members
It was hypothesised that the effect of outgroup members' speech style on attitudes toward them varies according to observers' norms for ingroup vs. outgroup speech. Further, ethnocentrism and exposure to outgroup members were not only expected to affect attitudes directly, but to control speech norms, which themselves underlie intergroup perceptions. This may be particularly important in bicultural contexts where increased exposure to outgroup me…
Forgive Me Father for I Have Sinned
This study (n = 84) examined the extent to which a Christian upbringing may inhibit same-sex attracted individuals from accepting a lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identity. No significant differences were found between current and former Christians' positive or negative gay identities. Participants who had left Christianity were more liberal and viewed God as hostile. Participants' "outness" as LGB to their primary network was associated with a…
Speech norms and perceptions of ethno‐linguistic group differences
Perceptions of social group membership are crucial both to social behaviour generally, and to social conflict: The basis for ingroup versus outgroup distinctions and the personal and social significance of such judgments are thus important areas of study. This paper describes a model of social norms as it applies to speech use and, in particular, the role of speech in perceptions of social groups. The context of this discussion is a general resea…
Health Care Disparities and Behavioral Health Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in several harmful health behaviors more frequently than do non-MSM. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that MSM experience barriers to accessing health care. To investigate health care disparities and health behaviors, we compared data from a diverse MSM sample (N = 871) to data from men from the National Health Interview Survey (N = 7,783). MSM reported less health care access than did general population men, an…
Differences in Sexual Identity, Risk Practices, and Sex Partners between Bisexual Men and Other Men among a Low-Income Drug-Using Sample
The identification of deviance
This paper outlines and initially tests a conceptual model of social norms, within the context of a general research framework for examining how deviant behaviour is identified and responded to. Norms are examined vis‐a‐vis (a) the structure of beliefs and expectancies toward one's own and [deviant] individual's behaviour, and (b) normative focus, representing the social context of behaviour and the nature of the group the norm is shared within. …
Community perspectives on deviance
This paper examines how alcohol abuse is ""defined'' by the social milieu within which it occurs, according to the three conceptual dimensions of (a) the perceived prospects for change, (b) perceived personal control, and (c) attributions concerning the causes of alcohol problems. Respondents from three socioeconomically different communities made similarity ratings between all possible pairings of 13 stimulus items (78 in all). These items refle…
Community differences in conceptions of deviant behavior
This exploratory study examined the conceptions shared by members of geographically and socioeconomically defined communities toward help sources for alcohol problems. The larger hypothesis was that the social-psychological factors underlying the initial identification of deviance affects expectancies of and reactions to treatment facilities. Low socioeconomic status (SES) respondents were aware of fewer help sources or acquisition strategies tha…
The identification of alcohol problems
It was hypothesized that the identification of abnormal behavior requires an internal causal attribution for actions that violate shared social norms. It was further hypothesized that socioeconomic status (SES) groups would differ in problem identification, due to differences in their norms and causal attribution biases. Attributions of causality for alcohol use and inferences of an alcohol problem were examined in socioeconomically different com…
Community perspectives on deviance
This paper examines how alcohol abuse is ""defined'' by the social milieu within which it occurs, according to the three conceptual dimensions of (a) the perceived prospects for change, (b) perceived personal control, and (c) attributions concerning the causes of alcohol problems. Respondents from three socioeconomically different communities made similarity ratings between all possible pairings of 13 stimulus items (78 in all). These items refle…
Community differences in conceptions of deviant behavior
This exploratory study examined the conceptions shared by members of geographically and socioeconomically defined communities toward help sources for alcohol problems. The larger hypothesis was that the social-psychological factors underlying the initial identification of deviance affects expectancies of and reactions to treatment facilities. Low socioeconomic status (SES) respondents were aware of fewer help sources or acquisition strategies tha…
The identification of deviance
This paper outlines and initially tests a conceptual model of social norms, within the context of a general research framework for examining how deviant behaviour is identified and responded to. Norms are examined vis‐a‐vis (a) the structure of beliefs and expectancies toward one's own and [deviant] individual's behaviour, and (b) normative focus, representing the social context of behaviour and the nature of the group the norm is shared within. …
A sociolinguistic approach to the belief-similarity model of racial attitudes
Theoretical contributions
This paper outlines a five‐stage model of intergroup relations that attempts to specify the responses of disadvantaged and advantaged groups to inequality. It is proposed that at Stage 1 stratification is based solely on group membership resulting in a rigid dominant–subordinate relationship between groups. At Stage 2 stratification is believed to be based on individual achievement. At Stage 3 certain members of the disadvantaged group attempt to…
The identification of alcohol problems
It was hypothesized that the identification of abnormal behavior requires an internal causal attribution for actions that violate shared social norms. It was further hypothesized that socioeconomic status (SES) groups would differ in problem identification, due to differences in their norms and causal attribution biases. Attributions of causality for alcohol use and inferences of an alcohol problem were examined in socioeconomically different com…
Speech norms and perceptions of ethno‐linguistic group differences
Perceptions of social group membership are crucial both to social behaviour generally, and to social conflict: The basis for ingroup versus outgroup distinctions and the personal and social significance of such judgments are thus important areas of study. This paper describes a model of social norms as it applies to speech use and, in particular, the role of speech in perceptions of social groups. The context of this discussion is a general resea…
Speech Norms and Attitudes Toward Outgroup Members
It was hypothesised that the effect of outgroup members' speech style on attitudes toward them varies according to observers' norms for ingroup vs. outgroup speech. Further, ethnocentrism and exposure to outgroup members were not only expected to affect attitudes directly, but to control speech norms, which themselves underlie intergroup perceptions. This may be particularly important in bicultural contexts where increased exposure to outgroup me…
Alcohol and drug use among homosexual men and women
Behavioral interventions for the primary prevention of HIV infection among homosexual and bisexual men
Sexual behavior, condom use, disclosure of sexuality, and stability of sexual orientation in bisexual men
Little is known regarding the social and sexual behavior of bisexual men, a population of increasing importance given their risk for HIV transmission. In this exploratory study, we described a sample of 105 self‐identified bisexual men recruited through a newspaper ad and interviewed in person. Our objectives were to (a) describe their social characteristics and reported sexual behavior with males and females; (b) assess rates of disclosure of se…
Bisexually active men
We describe social characteristics and sexual behavior of young, Black or White bisexually active men (N = 536, 52% Black, M age = 25). Bisexual activity appeared to be relatively stable over time: the recruitment criterion was any sex with a man and a woman in the previous three years, yet 60% were bisexually active during the past six months, and 56% began their bisexual activity at least five years prior to the study. Compared to Whites, Black…
Sex, drugs and escape
The lack of an effective HIV vaccine or other biomedical intervention means that behavioural change will continue to be critical to the prevention of HIV infection. Despite near universal knowledge of HIV and sexual safety, and widespread intentions to be safe, rates of unprotected sex and HIV sero-conversion remain high among gay and bisexual men. Explanatory models that link risk-taking and prevention to rational processes such as knowledge, so…
Female Partners of Bisexual Men
Individual interviews with 350 behaviorally bisexual men aged 18-30 revealed that 71% of their female sexual partners and 59% of their steady female sexual partners in the past 6 months had not been aware of their homosexual activity. Rates of nondisclosure were higher for African-American than White men. Compared to nondisclosers, men who disclosed to all their female partners were less self-homophobic and perceived their friends, families, and …
Ethnic differences in sexual behavior, condom use, and psychosocial variables among black and white men who have sex with men
We examined ethnic differences in psychosocial variables and sexual behavior with male partners for a sample of Black and White men who have sex with men (N = 515). Within the samples we defined bisexual and gay men according to behavioral criteria. After controlling statistically for differences in demographic variables, we found that Black men, compared to White men, reported fewer male sexual partners, both for their lifetime and the past six …
Predictors of movement toward homosexuality
We examined predictors of movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings among behaviorally bisexual men. Two hundred sixteen behaviorally bisexual men, recruited from diverse sources, were interviewed twice, with about one year between interviews. Predictor variables from domains of mental health, sexual behavior, demographics, and substance use were hypothesized to predict movement toward more homosexual sexual feelings. The sample as a whole …
Comparing Gay and Bisexual Men on Sexual Behavior, Condom Use, and Psychosocial Variables Related to HIV/Aids
Patterns and Correlates of Risky Behavior Among HIV+ Gay Men
Impact of combination therapies on HIV risk perceptions and sexual risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative gay and bisexual men.
Expectancies of sexual “escape” and sexual risk among drug- and alcohol-involved gay and bisexual men
High-Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in 6 US Cities
Objectives. We describe the prevalence of risk behaviors at baseline among men who have sex with men (MSM) who were enrolled in a randomized behavioral intervention trial conducted in 6 US cities. Methods. Data analyses involved MSM who were negative for HIV antibodies and who reported having engaged in anal sex with 1 or more partners in the previous year. Results. Among 4295 men, 48.0% and 54.9%, respectively, reported unprotected receptive and…
An Individually Tailored Intervention for HIV Prevention
Objectives. We describe the intervention tested in EXPLORE, an HIV prevention trial aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM), and test the empirical basis of the individually tailored intervention. Methods. Data on participants’ self-efficacy, communication skills, social norms, and enjoyment of unprotected anal intercourse were examined in relation to sexual risk. Combinations of these factors, together with alcohol use and noninjection drug use…
Alcohol Use and High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Alcohol use may increase HIV sexual risk behavior, although findings have varied across study populations and methods. Using event-level data from 1,712 seronegative men who have sex with men, the authors tested the hypothesis that social context would moderate the effect of alcohol consumption on unprotected anal sex (UAS). For encounters involving a primary partner, rates of UAS did not vary as a function of alcohol use. However, consumption of…
HIV vaccine efficacy trial participation
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 35 men who have sex with men, enrolled in the world's first phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trial at five US sites, regarding their risk reduction counselling experiences and their perceptions of its impact on risk behaviour. Respondents ranged in age from 20 to 58 years and were predominately white (71.4%) in racial/ethnic origin. Systematic qualitative analysis revealed that a positive counselling exper…
Is the Web the culprit? Cognitive escape and Internet sexual risk among gay and bisexual men
Psychology (32 obras) · Medicine (28 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (22 obras) · Clinical Psychology (19 obras) · Psychiatry (18 obras) · Men who have sex with men (17 obras) · Social Psychology (16 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (15 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Developmental psychology (14 obras)