Andrew Dugmore
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 209704 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Andrew Dugmore |
| PRENOMES | Andrew |
| SOBRENOME | Dugmore |
| ASSINATURA | DUGMORE A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6556-717X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 51 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 497 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1988 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Interpreting Collapse in Norse Greenland
This paper examines interpretations of depopulation in Norse Greenland between the 14th and 15th centuries CE. Using in-depth interviews with 13 experts working on the environmental, social and economic dimensions of settlement and depopulation in Norse Greenland, we examine the different interpretations of decline by experts using the same data. Our analysis reveals a geographical and disciplinary pattern of interpretation that reflects the inst…
Past Answers to Present Concerns. The Relevance of the Premodern Past for 21st Century Policy Planners
How is history relevant to the present, or indeed the future? Governments around the world have used history to inform planning and decision‐making in various fields for years, but more recently it has taken on a renewed importance as governments grapple with increasingly complex challenges arising from the impacts of climatic change. Yet identifying “lessons from the past” is not straightforward. Especially in the case of big questions about his…
Disparate impacts of the Eldgjá and Laki flood-lava eruptions
The Eldgjá eruption of ~ 939 AD is recognised as the largest in Iceland since Settlement, and ranks among the largest late-Holocene volcanic episodes on Earth. It disgorged > 21.0 km 3 (Dense Rock Equivalent) of magma as lava flows (~ 19.7 km 3 ) and tephra deposits (> 1.3 km 3 DRE), comprising alternating phreatomagmatic (wet) and magmatic (dry) explosive phases. Tephra deposits up to four metres thick buried proximal areas, and extreme quantiti…
Legacies of childhood learning for climate change adaptation
Archaeological research provides important insights into climate change adaptation. • Norse and Proto-Inuit cultures developed in different learning environments. • Different learning environments produce different responses to environmental change. • Archaeology offers evidence of multi-century information transmission and learning. Using archaeological, historical, and ethnographic analysis of Norse and Inuit toys and miniatures, this paper arg…
Uncovering the Multibiome Environmental and Earth System Legacies of Past Human Societies
It has been argued that we have now entered the Anthropocene, a proposed epoch in which humans are having a dominant impact on the Earth system. While some geologists have sought to formalize the Anthropocene as beginning in the mid-twentieth century, its social, geophysical, and environmental roots undoubtedly lie deeper in the past. In this review, we highlight the ways in which human activities across the major biomes of our planet significant…
Why are sustainable practices often elusive? The role of information flow in the management of networked human-environment interactions
Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of information flow with a multi-century perspective could illuminate the sustainability of human resource-use strategies. This paper uses historical and archaeological datasets to assess how spatial, temporal, cognitive, and cultural limitations impact the generation and flow of information about ecosystems within past societies, and thus lead to tradeoffs in sustainable practices. While it is well u…
A Lockpick's Guide to dataARC
The North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO) community initiated dataARC to develop digital research infrastructures to support their work on long-term human-ecodynamics in the North Atlantic. These infrastructures were designed to address the challenges of sharing research data, the connections between those data and high-level interpretations, and the interpretations themselves. In parallel, they were also designed to support the reuse of…
Archaeological sites as Distributed Long-term Observing Networks of the Past (Donop)
Dynamic beach response to changing storminess of Unst, Shetland
We present major new findings on the stability of Norse landing places on the island of Unst, Shetland, using a combination of geomorphology, OSL dating, fetch analysis, and sediment transport modeling. Islanders needed reliable access to the sea, and exploited sandy beaches as safe landing places. The persistence of beaches was important for long-term continuity of settlement and could be threatened by stormy conditions. Sediment modeling undert…
Disequilibrium, Adaptation, and the Norse Settlement of Greenland
There is increasing evidence to suggest that arctic cultures and ecosystems have followed non-linear responses to climate change. Norse Scandinavian farmers introduced agriculture to sub-arctic Greenland in the late tenth century, creating synanthropic landscapes and utilising seasonally abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Using a niche-construction framework and data from recent survey work, studies of diet, and regional-scale climate pro…
Rediscovering lessons of adaptation from the past
Climate challenges, vulnerabilities, and food security
Significance Climate-induced disasters are impacting human well-being in ever-increasing ways. Disaster research and management recognize and emphasize the need to reduce vulnerabilities, although extant policy is not in line with this realization. This paper assesses the extent to which vulnerability to food shortage, as a result of social, demographic, and resource conditions at times of climatic challenge, correlates with subsequent declines i…
The onset of the palaeoanthropocene in Iceland
Pre-industrial human impacts on the past environment are apparent in different proxy records at different times in different places. Recognizing environmentally transformative human impacts in palaeoenvironmental archives, as opposed to natural variability, is a key challenge in understanding the nature of the transition to the Earth’s current ‘Anthropocene’ condition. Here, we consider the palaeoenvironmental record for Iceland over the past 2.5…
Stable Isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) Characterization of Key Faunal Resources from Norse Period Settlements in North Iceland
During the Viking Age, Norse peoples established settlements across the North Atlantic, colonizing the pristine and near-pristine landscapes of the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and the short-lived Vinland settlement in Newfoundland. Current North Atlantic archaeological research themes include efforts to understand human adaptation and impact in these environments. For example, early Icelandic settlements persisted despite substantial envir…
You say you want a revolution? Transforming education and capacity building in response to global change
Re-deposited cryptotephra layers in Holocene peats linked to anthropogenic activity
Tephra layers can form useful age-equivalent stratigraphic markers for correlating palaeoenvironmental sequences and they provide information about the spatio-temporal nature of past volcanic ash fall events. The use of microscopic ‘cryptotephra’ layers has both increased the stratigraphic resolution of tephra sequences in proximal areas and extended the distal application of tephrochronology to regions of the world situated far from volcanoes. E…
A charcoal-rich horizon at Ø69, Greenland
It is often assumed that the colonisation of Greenland by Norse settlers in c. A.D. 985 had a sudden and dramatic effect on the environment, involving substantial vegetation clearance and environmental degradation. Consequently, it has been argued that charcoal-rich horizons, visible in many sections in Greenland, represent the initial burning of the vegetation by Norse farmers to create land suitable for agriculture. In this study a charcoal-ric…
Cultural adaptation, compounding vulnerabilities and conjunctures in Norse Greenland
Norse Greenland has been seen as a classic case of maladaptation by an inflexible temperate zone society extending into the arctic and collapse driven by climate change. This paper, however, recognizes the successful arctic adaptation achieved in Norse Greenland and argues that, although climate change had impacts, the end of Norse settlement can only be truly understood as a complex socioenvironmental system that includes local and interregional…
Reconstructing late-Holocene environmental change in Iceland using high-resolution tephrochronology
High resolution records of sediment accumulation are necessary to evaluate subtle temporal and spatial variations in sediment flux, especially in the context of decadal-scale human–environment interactions. Digital photography using consumer-grade cameras may be used to gather thousands of stratigraphic measurements to ± 1 mm (potentially equivalent to ± 2 years of accumulation) and provide data amenable to statistical manipulation. This new appr…
Radiocarbon reservoir effects in human bone collagen from northern Iceland
An Icelandic freshwater radiocarbon reservoir effect
A freshwater radiocarbon ( 14 C) reservoir effect (FRE) is a 14 C age offset between the atmospheric and freshwater carbon reservoirs. FREs can be on the order of 10 000 14 C yr in extreme examples and are a crucial consideration for 14 C dating of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological samples. Correction for a FRE may be possible, provided the FRE and the proportion of FRE-affected carbon within a sample can be accurately quantified. However, a…
Species specific marine radiocarbon reservoir effect
Conceptual Models of 1200 Years of Icelandic Soil Erosion Reconstructed Using Tephrochronology
With reference to 18 tephra isochrones, we present six reconstructions of landscapes in South Iceland at precise times through the last 1200 years and develop three related models of soil erosion. Before the late ninth century A.D., the landscapes of Iceland were without people and resilient to natural processes. The initial impact of human settlement in the ninth century AD was most profound in ecologically marginal areas, where major anthropoge…
The Impact of Tephra
Holt in Eyjafjallasveit, Iceland
Seven tephra isochrones in Scotland
This paper reports the presence and geochemical characteristics of seven separate tephras in Scotland that fell in AD 1510, and about 450 BP, 2100 BP, 3600 BP, 3830 BP, 5600 BP and around 6000 BP. The results come from 14 peat bogs spread throughout the Highlands and Islands where 26 tephra deposits have been characterized using over 400 grain-discrete electron-probe micro-analysis. Firstly, tephras are identified and defined by major element cha…
Raiding the Landscape
Interdisciplinary investigations of the end of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland
The loss of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland around the mid-fourteenth century has long been taken as a prime example of the impact of changing climate on human populations. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach combining historical documents, detailed archaeological investigations, and a high-resolution proxy climate record from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) to investigate possible causes for the end of this settl…
The Role of Climate in Settlement and Landscape Change in the North Atlantic Islands
In order to assess possible contributions of climate change to the human ecology of the Faroe Islands, proxy climate data from the Greenland Icesheet Project 2 (GISP2) are evaluated in relation to settlement and landscape \nchanges in the Faroes and other North Atlantic islands. Our aim is to identify \ntimes of unpredictable change in the context of cultural and environmental \n'memories'. A pan-Atlantic perspective is used to assess the utility…
Historical Ecology on Sandoy, Faroe Islands
We present palaeoenvironmental, geomorphological, archaeological, and place-name data which allow a holistic assessment of the history of landscape change on Sandoy, Faroe Islands, especially in terms of the changes that occurred in response to the colonization of the island by humans. In contrast to other situations in the North Atlantic region, there is considerable continuity in the patterns and processes of landscape evolution across the init…
Radiocarbon reservoir effects in human bone collagen from northern Iceland
Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland
A Hypothesis-Based Approach to Landscape Change in Suðuroy, Faroe Islands
Hovsdalur, an area delimited by the great cirques of upland central Su uroy, draining into the valley of the Hovs ́a and terminating in the east at the coastal amphitheatre of Hovsfjørdur, is a microcosm of the Faroes. The area contains the physical and economic features which characterize the greater part of the island group-mountain, valley, and coast, and marine, cultivation, and grazing environments. Data comprising mainly geomorphological,pa…
Rediscovering lessons of adaptation from the past
The Norse landnám on the North Atlantic islands
The Norse colonisation or landnám of the North Atlantic islands of the Faroes, Iceland, and Greenland from the ninth century AD onwards provides opportunities to examine human environmental impacts on ‘pristine’ landscapes on an environmental gradient from warmer, more maritime conditions in the east to colder, more continental conditions in the west. This paper considers key environmental contrasts across the Atlantic and initial settlement impa…
An Icelandic freshwater radiocarbon reservoir effect
A freshwater radiocarbon ( 14 C) reservoir effect (FRE) is a 14 C age offset between the atmospheric and freshwater carbon reservoirs. FREs can be on the order of 10 000 14 C yr in extreme examples and are a crucial consideration for 14 C dating of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological samples. Correction for a FRE may be possible, provided the FRE and the proportion of FRE-affected carbon within a sample can be accurately quantified. However, a…
Thin tephra layers in peat revealed by X-radiography
You say you want a revolution? Transforming education and capacity building in response to global change
Norse Greenland Settlement
Changing economies and patterns of trade, rather than climatic deterioration, could have critically marginalized the Norse Greenland settlements and effectively sealed their fate. Counter-intuitively, the end of Norse Greenland might not be symptomatic of a failure to adapt to environmental change, but a consequence of successful wider economic developments of Norse communities across North Atlantic. Data from Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and me…
Variability in North Atlantic marine radiocarbon reservoir effects at c. AD 1000
14 C age measurements made on samples from three archaeological sites located on North Atlantic coasts were used to investigate the marine reservoir effect (MRE) at c.AD 1000. This is an important period within human cultural and palaeoenvironmental research as it is a time when Norse expansion to the North Atlantic islands occurred, during what appears to be a period of ameliorating climatic conditions. This makes improved chronological precisio…
Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland
The major element chemistry of nine silicic tephras of historical age from Iceland is assessed as a key step in the development of the recent tephrochronology of the North Atlantic region. The tephras include the largest such layers produced by each of the five central volcanoes Hekla, Ö ræfajökull, Eyjafjallajökull, Torfajökull and Askja since the ninth century ad (H 1104, Ö1362, E 1821, Landnám tephra c. 870, A 1875) and four other tephras (H 1…
Species specific marine radiocarbon reservoir effect
Icelandic volcanic ash and the mid- Holocene Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) pollen decline in northern Scotland
A volcanic ash-layer in peat from northern Scotland has been identified and coincides exactly with an abrupt decline in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) pollen frequencies. This provides an isochrone (time-equivalent marker horizon) with which to investigate the timing of the Holocene 'pine-decline'. Furthermore, two possible causes of the southward shift of the range of Pinus in Scotland c. 4000 BP are suggested; a direct effect of acid pollutio…
The onset of the palaeoanthropocene in Iceland
Pre-industrial human impacts on the past environment are apparent in different proxy records at different times in different places. Recognizing environmentally transformative human impacts in palaeoenvironmental archives, as opposed to natural variability, is a key challenge in understanding the nature of the transition to the Earth’s current ‘Anthropocene’ condition. Here, we consider the palaeoenvironmental record for Iceland over the past 2.5…
Abandoned Farms, Volcanic Impacts, and Woodland Management
Geomorphological maps and nine soil profiles containing 92 tephra layers have been examined to explore the nature of medieval environmental change in Þjórsárdalur, Iceland, where farms are thought to have been abandoned after the massive tephra fall from the eruption of Hekla in 1104 A.D. This paper presents evidence for continued human activity in the area in the two centuries following the 1104 A.D. eruption, indicating that continued utilizati…
Bioarchaeological and climatological evidence for the fate of Norse farmers in medieval Greenland
Greenland, far north land of the Atlantic, has often been beyond the limit of European farming settlement. One of its Norse settlements, colonized just before AD 1000, is - astonishingly - not even at the southern tip, but a way up the west coast, the 'Western Settlement'. Environmental studies show why its occupation came to an end within five centuries, leaving Greenland once more a place of Arctic-adapted hunters
A Lockpick's Guide to dataARC
The North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO) community initiated dataARC to develop digital research infrastructures to support their work on long-term human-ecodynamics in the North Atlantic. These infrastructures were designed to address the challenges of sharing research data, the connections between those data and high-level interpretations, and the interpretations themselves. In parallel, they were also designed to support the reuse of…
Conceptual Models of 1200 Years of Icelandic Soil Erosion Reconstructed Using Tephrochronology
With reference to 18 tephra isochrones, we present six reconstructions of landscapes in South Iceland at precise times through the last 1200 years and develop three related models of soil erosion. Before the late ninth century A.D., the landscapes of Iceland were without people and resilient to natural processes. The initial impact of human settlement in the ninth century AD was most profound in ecologically marginal areas, where major anthropoge…
Bronze Age myths? Volcanic activity and human response in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions
A first rule of statistics is that the existence of a correlation does not itself prove a causal connection. This is the heart of the recurrent question in later European prehistory — whether in the Mediterranean or in the Atlantic northwest — about volcanic eruptions, their impact on climate, and then of the climatic impact on human populations. The burial under tephra of the Late Bronze Age settlement of Santorini is proof of a particular catas…
Uncovering the Multibiome Environmental and Earth System Legacies of Past Human Societies
It has been argued that we have now entered the Anthropocene, a proposed epoch in which humans are having a dominant impact on the Earth system. While some geologists have sought to formalize the Anthropocene as beginning in the mid-twentieth century, its social, geophysical, and environmental roots undoubtedly lie deeper in the past. In this review, we highlight the ways in which human activities across the major biomes of our planet significant…
Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland
Icelandic volcanic ash and the mid- Holocene Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) pollen decline in northern Scotland
A volcanic ash-layer in peat from northern Scotland has been identified and coincides exactly with an abrupt decline in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) pollen frequencies. This provides an isochrone (time-equivalent marker horizon) with which to investigate the timing of the Holocene 'pine-decline'. Furthermore, two possible causes of the southward shift of the range of Pinus in Scotland c. 4000 BP are suggested; a direct effect of acid pollutio…
Thin tephra layers in peat revealed by X-radiography
Seven tephra isochrones in Scotland
This paper reports the presence and geochemical characteristics of seven separate tephras in Scotland that fell in AD 1510, and about 450 BP, 2100 BP, 3600 BP, 3830 BP, 5600 BP and around 6000 BP. The results come from 14 peat bogs spread throughout the Highlands and Islands where 26 tephra deposits have been characterized using over 400 grain-discrete electron-probe micro-analysis. Firstly, tephras are identified and defined by major element cha…
Conference Participants
This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries
Holocene comment and reply
In response to a paper by Blackford et al. (1992) which showed a coincidence between the deposition of Hekla-4 tephra and a decline of Pinus pollen in two northern Scottish sites, Hall et al. (1994) investigated the tephra/pine pollen relationship at two sites in Northern Ireland. We argue that their sites are inappropriate for such comparison because pine was effectively absent from Co. Antrim long before the deposition of Hekla-4. The opportuni…
Bioarchaeological and climatological evidence for the fate of Norse farmers in medieval Greenland
Greenland, far north land of the Atlantic, has often been beyond the limit of European farming settlement. One of its Norse settlements, colonized just before AD 1000, is - astonishingly - not even at the southern tip, but a way up the west coast, the 'Western Settlement'. Environmental studies show why its occupation came to an end within five centuries, leaving Greenland once more a place of Arctic-adapted hunters
Interdisciplinary investigations of the end of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland
The loss of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland around the mid-fourteenth century has long been taken as a prime example of the impact of changing climate on human populations. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach combining historical documents, detailed archaeological investigations, and a high-resolution proxy climate record from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) to investigate possible causes for the end of this settl…
Bronze Age myths? Volcanic activity and human response in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions
A first rule of statistics is that the existence of a correlation does not itself prove a causal connection. This is the heart of the recurrent question in later European prehistory — whether in the Mediterranean or in the Atlantic northwest — about volcanic eruptions, their impact on climate, and then of the climatic impact on human populations. The burial under tephra of the Late Bronze Age settlement of Santorini is proof of a particular catas…
Raiding the Landscape
A Scottish speleothem record of the H-3 eruption or human impact? A comment on Baker, Smart, Barnes, Edwards and Farrant
Studies of a stalagmite sample from Sutherland, Scotland, have identified a period of enhanced growth that lasted for four years and has been dated to 1135 ± 130 BC (Baker et al., 1995). This episode is unique within this sample and has not been observed elsewhere. The authors correlate it with the Icelandic volcanic eruption at 1021 + 130/-100 Bc that produced the Hekla-3 (H-3) tephra. There is, however, no direct evidence for a causal relations…
Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland
The major element chemistry of nine silicic tephras of historical age from Iceland is assessed as a key step in the development of the recent tephrochronology of the North Atlantic region. The tephras include the largest such layers produced by each of the five central volcanoes Hekla, Ö ræfajökull, Eyjafjallajökull, Torfajökull and Askja since the ninth century ad (H 1104, Ö1362, E 1821, Landnám tephra c. 870, A 1875) and four other tephras (H 1…
Tephrochronology, Environmental Change and the Norse Settlement of Iceland
The first human impacts on the Icelandic environment came with the Norse colonisation or Landnám of the ninth century AD. The colonisation represents a fundamental environmental change that is both rapid and profound. In this paper we assess geomorphological dimensions of the initial settlement period using a tephrochronology that includes the Landnám Tephra, erupted ca. 870 AD, two tenth century AD tephras KR 920 and E 935, and 11 other well dat…
Vegetational response to tephra deposition and land-use change in Iceland
Evidence is provided from the joint application of tephrochronology and palynology in two Icelandic locations — the island of Papey off the east coast and Seljaland in the south. The Papey study relates to vegetation change around the time of volcanic ash deposition from the eruption of Katla in 1755. This produced various hypotheses concerning volcanic impacts and land-use activities, including changes in nutrient inputs, grazing activity, and c…
Methodological approaches to determining the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect
The marine radiocarbon reservoir effect is an offset in 14C age between contemporaneous organisms from the terrestrial environment and organisms that derive their carbon from the marine environment. Quantification of this effect is of crucial importance for correct calibration of the 14 C ages of marine-influenced samples to the calendrical timescale. This is fundamental to the construction of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental chronologies w…
The Norse landnám on the North Atlantic islands
The Norse colonisation or landnám of the North Atlantic islands of the Faroes, Iceland, and Greenland from the ninth century AD onwards provides opportunities to examine human environmental impacts on ‘pristine’ landscapes on an environmental gradient from warmer, more maritime conditions in the east to colder, more continental conditions in the west. This paper considers key environmental contrasts across the Atlantic and initial settlement impa…
Perception, history, and science
In Iceland, studies that integrate local perceptions about the landscape with scientific evidence of change have been few. This article presents a case study from southeast Iceland that has two main objectives. Firstly, ethnographic data is used to explore the human dimension of the Little Ice Age through perceptions of landscape and climatic change and to describe the impacts that these changes had on life and livelihood. Secondly, the paper cri…
Historical Ecology on Sandoy, Faroe Islands
We present palaeoenvironmental, geomorphological, archaeological, and place-name data which allow a holistic assessment of the history of landscape change on Sandoy, Faroe Islands, especially in terms of the changes that occurred in response to the colonization of the island by humans. In contrast to other situations in the North Atlantic region, there is considerable continuity in the patterns and processes of landscape evolution across the init…
A Hypothesis-Based Approach to Landscape Change in Suðuroy, Faroe Islands
Hovsdalur, an area delimited by the great cirques of upland central Su uroy, draining into the valley of the Hovs ́a and terminating in the east at the coastal amphitheatre of Hovsfjørdur, is a microcosm of the Faroes. The area contains the physical and economic features which characterize the greater part of the island group-mountain, valley, and coast, and marine, cultivation, and grazing environments. Data comprising mainly geomorphological,pa…
Variability in North Atlantic marine radiocarbon reservoir effects at c. AD 1000
14 C age measurements made on samples from three archaeological sites located on North Atlantic coasts were used to investigate the marine reservoir effect (MRE) at c.AD 1000. This is an important period within human cultural and palaeoenvironmental research as it is a time when Norse expansion to the North Atlantic islands occurred, during what appears to be a period of ameliorating climatic conditions. This makes improved chronological precisio…
Radiocarbon dating of mid-Holocene megaflood deposits in the Jokulsa a Fjollum, north Iceland
Two megafloods in the canyon of the Jokulsi i Fjóllum, the major northern routeway for glaciovolcanic floods from Vatnajókull, have been closely dated by 14C AMS dates from Betula macrofossils within peat immediately below beds of flood-deposited sand. Ages of c. 4415 and c. 4065 yr BP (5020 and 4610 cal. yr BP) are consistent with the presence of the Hekla 4 tephra (c. 3830 yr BP) resting on the upper surface of the younger flood sand. These sed…
Good for glaciers, bad for people? Archaeologically relevant climate models developed from reconstructions of glacier mass balance
Abandoned Farms, Volcanic Impacts, and Woodland Management
Geomorphological maps and nine soil profiles containing 92 tephra layers have been examined to explore the nature of medieval environmental change in Þjórsárdalur, Iceland, where farms are thought to have been abandoned after the massive tephra fall from the eruption of Hekla in 1104 A.D. This paper presents evidence for continued human activity in the area in the two centuries following the 1104 A.D. eruption, indicating that continued utilizati…
Norse Greenland Settlement
Changing economies and patterns of trade, rather than climatic deterioration, could have critically marginalized the Norse Greenland settlements and effectively sealed their fate. Counter-intuitively, the end of Norse Greenland might not be symptomatic of a failure to adapt to environmental change, but a consequence of successful wider economic developments of Norse communities across North Atlantic. Data from Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and me…
The Role of Climate in Settlement and Landscape Change in the North Atlantic Islands
In order to assess possible contributions of climate change to the human ecology of the Faroe Islands, proxy climate data from the Greenland Icesheet Project 2 (GISP2) are evaluated in relation to settlement and landscape \nchanges in the Faroes and other North Atlantic islands. Our aim is to identify \ntimes of unpredictable change in the context of cultural and environmental \n'memories'. A pan-Atlantic perspective is used to assess the utility…
Geography (41 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (34 obras) · Archaeology (32 obras) · Geology (29 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (25 obras) · Physical geography (23 obras) · Ecology (19 obras) · Volcano (18 obras) · Tephra (17 obras) · Climate change (16 obras)