Fabrizio Butera
Biographic Data
| ID | 211104 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fabrizio Butera |
| GIVEN NAMES | Fabrizio |
| FAMILY NAME | Butera |
| SIGNATURE | BUTERA F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Lausanne |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8856-4374 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 60 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 197 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 59 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
I Feel Competent, Therefore I Am: Self-concept and Skill Interact at Different Speeds
Do perceptions about one’s competence shape learning, or are they simply reflections of actual skills? This study revisits this longstanding question by replicating and extending preliminary findings by Marsh et al. (2024) on the temporal dynamics linking students’ academic self-concept (i.e., their perceived academic competence) and their academic skills. Using longitudinal data from a large-scale field study (N > 9000 students, 3 measurement po…
“Are my needs heard?” A qualitative study on the psychosocial needs of unaccompanied minors in Switzerland
Team performance goals and team performance: A multiconceptualization approach
Existing research on the relationship between team performance goals and team performance has yielded mixed findings. We argue that these inconsistencies arise in part from the use of two different operationalizations of team performance goals: a collective-based operationalization (averaging team members’ perceptions that their team aims to outperform other teams) and a composition-based one (aggregating team members’ personal aims to outperform…
Learning With Jigsaw: A Systematic Review Gathering All the Pieces of the Puzzle More Than 40 Years Later
The jigsaw classroom is a cooperative learning method designed in the late 1970s to improve the academic performance of minority children by reducing intergroup conflict and increasing self-evaluations. Despite its high popularity, the available evidence for the effectiveness of this method seems scant and mixed, with neither meta-analysis nor systematic review. To fill this gap, the authors conducted a systematic review of studies conducted from…
Is Intergroup Contact Desired by Migrants? The Case of Unaccompanied Minors in Switzerland
Intergroup contact has been shown to reduce prejudice and promote positive relationships between members of different groups, as in the case of the integration of migrants. Nevertheless, extant research has not explored the crucial question of whether members of the migrant group express a desire for contact with the host group. To explore this question, we collected and collated a rare set of data to create a substantial corpus of semi‐structure…
Supportive error feedback fosters students' adaptive reactions towards errors: Evidence from a targeted online intervention with Italian middle school students
BackgroundAlthough it is well established that students' adaptive reactions towards errors promote learning outcomes, little is still known about the role of error feedback in promoting these reactions.AimThrough a targeted intervention based on an online teaching unit, this study aimed at testing whether supportive error feedback promotes more adaptive students' reactions towards errors and higher learning outcomes.SampleA total of 250 (Mage = 1…
Cooperative learning reduces the gender gap in perceived social competences: A large-scale nationwide longitudinal experiment
Considering the evolving and unpredictable job market, adaptability is an important skill for young adults. Such adaptability implies that schools need to teach key social competences, like communication, collaboration, or problem-solving. In this area, a gender gap has consistently been found, showing that boys display social competences less than girls. A large-scale nationwide multilab longitudinal experiment—the ProFAN project—was conducted i…
The chronology of collective cheating: A qualitative study of collective dishonesty in academic contexts
Collective cheating can have serious consequences in professional and educational settings. Existing data show that collective cheating is common and that individuals cheat more when they are in groups, highlighting the existence of some collective organisation in the endeavour. However, little is known about the emergence of this behaviour and the group processing involved. Drawing on qualitative data from 20 semi-structured interviews and a the…
Belief in School Meritocracy and the Legitimization of Social and Income Inequality
Educational institutions are imbued with an institutional meritocratic discourse: only merit counts for academic success. In this article, we study whether this institutional belief has an impact beyond its primary function of encouraging students to study. We propose that belief in school meritocracy has broader societal impact by legitimizing the social class hierarchy it produces and encouraging the maintenance of inequalities. The results of …
A transdisciplinary model for teaching and learning for sustainability science in a rapidly warming world
Errors: Springboard for learning or tool for evaluation? Ambivalence in teachers’ error-related beliefs and practices
Teachers’ beliefs about students’ errors are influenced by structural factors and by other beliefs towards education and students that teachers may hold. The literature on this topic has provided some evidence and some mixed results. Furthermore, some structural aspects related to errors have not been considered in framing teachers’ beliefs about errors, such as the use of grades as a classroom assessment practice, which is strongly related to er…
Omertà in intragroup cheating: The role of ingroup identity in dishonesty and whistleblowing
Why are people willing to denounce or, contrarily, to keep silent on others’ misconduct? We hypothesized that people would be more likely to cheat, and consequently less likely to blow the whistle, when among an ingroup (vs. outgroup). In two experiments, participants witnessed a same nationality or a different nationality group member cheating during a group task. Participants either had the opportunity to cheat themselves before witnessing this…
The climate change research that makes the front page: Is it fit to engage societal action
By growing awareness for and interest in climate change, media coverage enlarges the window of opportunity by which research can engage individuals and collectives in climate actions. However, we question whether the climate change research that gets mediatized is fit for this challenge. From a survey of the 51,230 scientific articles published in 2020 on climate change, we show that the news media preferentially publicizes research outputs found…
Do jigsaw classrooms improve learning outcomes? Five experiments and an internal meta-analysis
International audience
“We would love to, but…”—needs in school integration from the perspective of refugee children, their parents, peers, and school staff
Existing research on the education of refugee children has been conducted in countries with a longstanding tradition of refugee integration. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the integration process of refugee children in Croatian schools. Croatia is a small EU country with limited experience in refugee integration. The phenomenological approach was used to examine the experiences and perspectives of the relevant actors. Interviews a…
A multilevel account of social value‐related reasons behind mastery goals
BACKGROUND: A growing literature focuses on reasons behind achievement goal endorsement, and mastery-approach goals (MG) specifically, and how these reasons influence academic performance. Past research provides evidence that student-level social value-related reasons behind MG moderate the MG-performance link in adolescents and young adults. However, we ignore whether this moderation is best conceived of as a student-level effect (i.e., students…
Trust predicts Covid-19 prescribed and discretionary behavioral intentions in 23 countries
The worldwide spread of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019 has posed a severe threat to individuals’ well-being. While the world at large is waiting that the released vaccines immunize most citizens, public health experts suggest that, in the meantime, it is only through behavior change that the spread of COVID-19 can be controlled. Importantly, the required behaviors are aimed not only at safeguarding one’s own health. Instead, i…
Dual Effects of Partner’s Competence: Resource Interdependence in Cooperative Learning at Elementary School
A partner’s competence should logically favor cooperative learning. However, research in cooperative learning has shown that a partner’s competence may or may not activate a threatening social comparison and yields dual effects: It is beneficial when students work on complementary information while it is detrimental when students work on identical information. Two studies conducted at elementary school (study 1 with 24 fourth graders working on e…
Error handling in the classroom: An experimental study of teachers’ strategies to foster positive error climate
Materialist and post-materialist concerns and the wish for a strong leader in 27 countries
There is evidence that democracies are under threat around the world while the quest for strong leaders is increasing. Although the causes of these developments are complex and multifaceted, here we focus on one factor: the extent to which citizens express materialist and post-materialist concerns. We explore whether objective higher levels of democracy are differentially associated with materialist and post-materialist concerns and, in turn, whe…
Can street-level bureaucrats be nudged to increase effectiveness in welfare policy
This article investigates whether street-level bureaucrats can be incentivised to process information in ways that lead to more effective implementation decisions. It draws on the literatures on behavioural public policy (BPP) and street-level bureaucracy to analyse how civil servants implement disability insurance policy in Switzerland. We conducted a field experiment to assess whether a thought-provoking nudge improves the decisional effectiven…
Teaching as Social Influence: Empowering Teachers to Become Agents of Social Change
Teachers carry out a number of roles in the educational system. Their primary role is to help all students develop knowledge and skills, but, most of the time, they take on the role of gatekeepers: They evaluate students and exercise selection on the basis of performance. We analyze the roles of teachers through the lens of the literature on social influence and put forward the proposal that teaching is a form of social influence. We review exist…
Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries ( N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status a…
“Our Country Needs a Strong Leader Right Now”: Economic Inequality Enhances the Wish for a Strong Leader
Societal inequality has been found to harm the mental and physical health of its members and undermine overall social cohesion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that economic inequality is associated with a wish for a strong leader in a study involving 28 countries from five continents (Study 1, N = 6,112), a study involving an Australian community sample (Study 2, N = 515), and two experiments (Study 3a, N = 96; Study 3b, N = 296). We found correl…
Income inequality, perceived competitiveness, and approach‐avoidance motivation
OBJECTIVE: Scholars disagree on whether income inequality has incentive or disincentive effects. In the present research, we move beyond such debate and focus on the motivational processes that income inequality predicts. First, income inequality makes economic stratification salient; therefore, it should promote perceived competitiveness. Second, competitiveness can be appraised as both a challenge and a threat; therefore, it should promote both…
Regaining In-Group Continuity in Times of Anxiety About the Group's Future: A Study on the Role of Collective Nostalgia Across 27 Countries
Collective nostalgia for the good old days of the country thrives across the world. However, little is known about the social psychological dynamics of this collective emotion across cultures. We predicted that collective nostalgia is triggered by collective angst as it helps people to restore a sense of in-group continuity via stronger in-group belonging and out-group rejection (in the form of opposition to immigrants). Based on a sample (N = 5,…
Subjective status and perceived legitimacy across countries
The relationships between subjective status and perceived legitimacy are important for understanding the extent to which people with low status are complicit in their oppression. We use novel data from 66 samples and 30 countries ( N = 12,788) and find that people with higher status see the social system as more legitimate than those with lower status, but there is variation across people and countries. The association between subjective status a…
Do all lives have the same value? Support for international military interventions as a function of political system and public opinion of target states
This research examined the support for international military interventions as a function of the political system and the public opinion of the target country. In two experiments, we informed participants about a possible military intervention by the international community towards a sovereign country whose government planned to use military force against a secessionist region. They were then asked whether they would support this intervention whi…
Re‐Establishing the Social‐Class Order: Restorative Reactions against High‐Achieving, Low‐SES Pupils
This research investigates a barrier faced by low‐SES pupils who are on an upward social mobility trajectory: resistance to their high‐achiever status. We hypothesize that, as they disconfirm the usual social‐class academic disparities (i.e., high‐SES on average outperform low‐SES pupils), they threaten the status quo and induce restorative reactions that may hinder their chances of success. Experiment 1 showed that participants remembered less a…
Collective punishment depends on collective responsibility and political organization of the target group
Ingredients of gender-based stereotypes about food. Indirect influence of food type, portion size and presentation on gendered intentions to eat
Achievement goal promotion at university: Social desirability and social utility of mastery and performance goals
The present research examines the ambivalence of achievement goal promotion at university, and more specifically in the psychology curriculum. On the one hand, psychology teachers explicitly encourage mastery but not performance (neither approach nor avoidance) goals. On the other hand, the selection process encourages the endorsement of not only mastery but also performance-approach goals. In fact, it would seem that both performance-approach an…
Conflict Elaboration and Cognitive Outcomes
This article presents advice for teachers about using sociocognitive conflicts to promote academic learning. In doing so, the conditions under which sociocognitive conflicts are constructive or disruptive are examined and the relevant research is reviewed on social development, cooperative learning, and social influence. Two types of conflict elaboration—epistemic and relational—are identified. Epistemic elaborations focus students on task resolu…
Can street-level bureaucrats be nudged to increase effectiveness in welfare policy
This article investigates whether street-level bureaucrats can be incentivised to process information in ways that lead to more effective implementation decisions. It draws on the literatures on behavioural public policy (BPP) and street-level bureaucracy to analyse how civil servants implement disability insurance policy in Switzerland. We conducted a field experiment to assess whether a thought-provoking nudge improves the decisional effectiven…
Perceived Legitimacy of Collective Punishment as a Function of Democratic versus Non-Democratic Group Structure
The present research tested the hypothesis that the political structure of groups moderates the perceived legitimacy of collective punishment. Participants read scenarios of fictitious summer camps in which unidentified members of one group aggressed members of another group. The political structure of both the offender and the victim groups was described as either egalitarian or hierarchical (defined with democratic or non-democratic decision-ma…
The focusing effect of self-evaluation threat in coaction and social comparison
This article contends that the presence of a coactor leads to a focusing effect whenever this presence represents a threat or a potential threat to self-evaluation. Experiment 1 showed that attentional focusing appears in the presence of an actual (in the case of upward comparison) or potential (in the case of mere coaction) threat to self-evaluation but not in its absence (in the case of downward comparison). Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed that t…
Teaching as Social Influence: Empowering Teachers to Become Agents of Social Change
Teachers carry out a number of roles in the educational system. Their primary role is to help all students develop knowledge and skills, but, most of the time, they take on the role of gatekeepers: They evaluate students and exercise selection on the basis of performance. We analyze the roles of teachers through the lens of the literature on social influence and put forward the proposal that teaching is a form of social influence. We review exist…
Cultural Values Moderate the Impact of Relative Deprivation
Relative deprivation (RD) is the judgment that one or one's ingroup is worse off compared with some relevant standard coupled with feelings of dissatisfaction, anger, and resentment. RD predicts a wide range of outcomes, but it is unclear whether this relationship is moderated by national cultural differences. Therefore, in the first study, we used national assessments of individual-collectivism and power distance to code 303 effect sizes from 31…
Portion size tells who I am, food type tells who you are: Specific functions of amount and type of food in same- and opposite-sex dyadic eating contexts
Bending without breaking: Examining the role of attitudinal ambivalence in resisting persuasive communication
The present research aims at showing that ambivalence may serve an adaptive function: to preserve attitudes and to resist persuasion. In two experiments, participants were exposed to a counter‐attitudinal message attributed to an ingroup majority. Results of both experiments showed that individuals high in ambivalence changed toward the source more than individuals low in ambivalence at the direct level, while at the indirect level––where the lin…
Conflict between incompetences and influence of a low‐expertise source in hypothesis testing
In a 2–4–4–like reasoning task, 69 subjects tested hypotheses following exposure to a low‐expertise source proposing an alternative hypothesis. Subjects compared self‐ and source's competence either independently or interdependently. Results show that interdependence leads subjects to assert self‐validity and the source's invalidity, and to test hypotheses through confirmation. Independence produces a conflict between incompetences, i.e. doubt co…
Majority and minority influence in inductive reasoning: A preliminary study
Ninety‐three students were exposed to majority and minority influence in an inductive reasoning task. The former induced convergent thinking processes, though its effects were not reducible to mere compliance. The latter activated more divergent constructive processes, supporting the predictions of Conversion Theory
Persuasive constraint and expert versus non‐expert influence in intention to quit smoking
In a 2 × 2 design, after listing important personal reasons for smoking, 70 smokers were randomly told either that they had sufficient reasons for smoking (low internal constraint to change) or that they did not have sufficient reasons (high internal constraint to change) and were exposed to an anti‐smoking message from a source with either expert (high external constraint to change) or non‐expert (low external constraint to change) status. The m…
Complementarity of Information and Quality of Relationship in Cooperative Learning
Global value perceptions: The legitimising functions of western representations of democracy
This paper argues that a fundamental antagonism between democracy and nondemocracy organises lay thinking on global issues. We review key findings of a long‐standing experimental research programme that examined the “ Democracy‐as‐value ” hypothesis across a variety of political and social contexts. This hypothesis contends that democracy is an ideological belief system that provides value to democratic individuals, groups, and institutions and t…
Grading Hampers Cooperative Information Sharing in Group Problem Solving
We hypothesized that individual grading in group work, a widespread practice, hampers information sharing in cooperative problem solving. Experiment 1 showed that a condition in which members' individual contribution was expected to be visible and graded, as in most graded work, led to less pooling of relevant, unshared information and more pooling of less-relevant, shared information than two control conditions where individual contribution was …
The climate change research that makes the front page: Is it fit to engage societal action
By growing awareness for and interest in climate change, media coverage enlarges the window of opportunity by which research can engage individuals and collectives in climate actions. However, we question whether the climate change research that gets mediatized is fit for this challenge. From a survey of the 51,230 scientific articles published in 2020 on climate change, we show that the news media preferentially publicizes research outputs found…
Competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning
The present set of studies investigates the role of competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning. Previous studies have shown that peer work on identical information produces not only confrontation of viewpoints but also competitive conflict regulation, the latter of which is detrimental for learning. Conversely, working on complementary information produces positive interactions but also informational dependence,…
Conflits et apprentissage. Régulation des conflits sociocognitifs et apprentissage
Les recherches sur le conflit sociocognitif (confrontation de points de vue entre partenaires) peuvent être utiles pour comprendre l’apprentissage dans les contextes collectifs. Cette synthèse présente les conditions qui rendent les conflits constructifs, inefficaces ou délétères pour l’apprentissage, à partir de travaux empiriques qui se sont souvent développés en parallèle : des travaux relatifs aux décisions collectives, à l’apprentissage coop…
Women, women's rights and feminist movements
English This article contends that feminist movements are victims of social cryptomnesia: while women's rights are nowadays largely approved, the role of feminist movements in obtaining these rights is not recognized, and feminist groups are still stigmatized. This social cryptomnesia is believed to hinder further progress towards equality between men and women. Indeed, although women's rights are officially protected, men-women differences in st…
Majority and minority influence in inductive reasoning: A preliminary study
Ninety‐three students were exposed to majority and minority influence in an inductive reasoning task. The former induced convergent thinking processes, though its effects were not reducible to mere compliance. The latter activated more divergent constructive processes, supporting the predictions of Conversion Theory
Conflict between incompetences and influence of a low‐expertise source in hypothesis testing
In a 2–4–4–like reasoning task, 69 subjects tested hypotheses following exposure to a low‐expertise source proposing an alternative hypothesis. Subjects compared self‐ and source's competence either independently or interdependently. Results show that interdependence leads subjects to assert self‐validity and the source's invalidity, and to test hypotheses through confirmation. Independence produces a conflict between incompetences, i.e. doubt co…
Complementarity of Information and Quality of Relationship in Cooperative Learning
Persuasive constraint and expert versus non‐expert influence in intention to quit smoking
In a 2 × 2 design, after listing important personal reasons for smoking, 70 smokers were randomly told either that they had sufficient reasons for smoking (low internal constraint to change) or that they did not have sufficient reasons (high internal constraint to change) and were exposed to an anti‐smoking message from a source with either expert (high external constraint to change) or non‐expert (low external constraint to change) status. The m…
Coaction and upward social comparison reduce the illusory conjunction effect: Support for distraction–conflict theory
Conflict Elaboration and Cognitive Outcomes
This article presents advice for teachers about using sociocognitive conflicts to promote academic learning. In doing so, the conditions under which sociocognitive conflicts are constructive or disruptive are examined and the relevant research is reviewed on social development, cooperative learning, and social influence. Two types of conflict elaboration—epistemic and relational—are identified. Epistemic elaborations focus students on task resolu…
Women, women's rights and feminist movements
English This article contends that feminist movements are victims of social cryptomnesia: while women's rights are nowadays largely approved, the role of feminist movements in obtaining these rights is not recognized, and feminist groups are still stigmatized. This social cryptomnesia is believed to hinder further progress towards equality between men and women. Indeed, although women's rights are officially protected, men-women differences in st…
Buts de performance et de maîtrise et interactions sociales entre étudiants: La Situation Particulière Du Désaccord Avec Autrui
D’après de nombreuses recherches (voir Dweck, 1986 ; Nicholls, 1984), les étudiants peuvent poursuivre deux types de buts lorsqu’ils réalisent une tâche d’apprentissage : le but de maîtrise (désir d’apprendre, de développer des connaissances) et le but de performance (désir de mettre en avant ses compétences, ses capacités). Cet article présente une synthèse de travaux portant sur les effets des buts dans la situation particulière où l’étudiant e…
Perceived Legitimacy of Collective Punishment as a Function of Democratic versus Non-Democratic Group Structure
The present research tested the hypothesis that the political structure of groups moderates the perceived legitimacy of collective punishment. Participants read scenarios of fictitious summer camps in which unidentified members of one group aggressed members of another group. The political structure of both the offender and the victim groups was described as either egalitarian or hierarchical (defined with democratic or non-democratic decision-ma…
The focusing effect of self-evaluation threat in coaction and social comparison
This article contends that the presence of a coactor leads to a focusing effect whenever this presence represents a threat or a potential threat to self-evaluation. Experiment 1 showed that attentional focusing appears in the presence of an actual (in the case of upward comparison) or potential (in the case of mere coaction) threat to self-evaluation but not in its absence (in the case of downward comparison). Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed that t…
Bending without breaking: Examining the role of attitudinal ambivalence in resisting persuasive communication
The present research aims at showing that ambivalence may serve an adaptive function: to preserve attitudes and to resist persuasion. In two experiments, participants were exposed to a counter‐attitudinal message attributed to an ingroup majority. Results of both experiments showed that individuals high in ambivalence changed toward the source more than individuals low in ambivalence at the direct level, while at the indirect level––where the lin…
Conflits et apprentissage. Régulation des conflits sociocognitifs et apprentissage
Les recherches sur le conflit sociocognitif (confrontation de points de vue entre partenaires) peuvent être utiles pour comprendre l’apprentissage dans les contextes collectifs. Cette synthèse présente les conditions qui rendent les conflits constructifs, inefficaces ou délétères pour l’apprentissage, à partir de travaux empiriques qui se sont souvent développés en parallèle : des travaux relatifs aux décisions collectives, à l’apprentissage coop…
Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion
Society consists of numerous interconnected, interacting, and interdependent groups, which differ in power and status. The consequences of belonging to a more powerful, higher-status 'majority' versus a less powerful, lower-status 'minority' can be profound, and the tensions that arise between these groups are the root of society's most difficult problems. To understand the origins of these problems and develop solutions for them, it is necessary…
Achievement goal promotion at university: Social desirability and social utility of mastery and performance goals
The present research examines the ambivalence of achievement goal promotion at university, and more specifically in the psychology curriculum. On the one hand, psychology teachers explicitly encourage mastery but not performance (neither approach nor avoidance) goals. On the other hand, the selection process encourages the endorsement of not only mastery but also performance-approach goals. In fact, it would seem that both performance-approach an…
Conscientization of Social Cryptomnesia Reduces Hostile Sexism and Rejection of Feminists
This paper develops a hypothesis concerning the conscientization of social cryptomnesia, claiming that it is possible to reduce the rejection of minorities by reminding the population that a certain value has been promoted by a certain minority. Participants (N = 93) first reported their attitudes toward women's rights and feminist movements. They were then confronted with their higher appreciation of women's rights over feminists (social cryptom…
Competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning
The present set of studies investigates the role of competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning. Previous studies have shown that peer work on identical information produces not only confrontation of viewpoints but also competitive conflict regulation, the latter of which is detrimental for learning. Conversely, working on complementary information produces positive interactions but also informational dependence,…
Do all lives have the same value? Support for international military interventions as a function of political system and public opinion of target states
This research examined the support for international military interventions as a function of the political system and the public opinion of the target country. In two experiments, we informed participants about a possible military intervention by the international community towards a sovereign country whose government planned to use military force against a secessionist region. They were then asked whether they would support this intervention whi…
Can men promote feminist movements: Outgroup influence sources reduce attitude change toward feminist movements
This research investigates the possibility for men to promote feminist movements. In two experiments, we used the social influence technique of reassociation, known to reduce the rejection of feminists by blaming the target for forgetting that feminists have promoted women’s rights. An influence source, either same-gender (lower threat) or different-gender (higher threat), confronted participants with the reassociation technique and blamed them i…
Pressure to cooperate: Is positive reward interdependence really needed in cooperative learning
BACKGROUND. Despite extensive research on cooperative learning, the debate regarding whether or not its effectiveness depends on positive reward interdependence has not yet found clear evidence. AIMS. We tested the hypothesis that positive reward interdependence, as compared to reward independence, enhances cooperative learning only if learners work on a 'routine task'; if the learners work on a 'true group task', positive reward interdependence …
Democracy as Justification for Waging War: The Role of Public Support
Democracy is positively valued. This positive evaluation extends to a democracy’s actions, even if it is to wage war. The authors investigated whether the perceived legitimacy of military interventions depends on the political structure (democratic vs. nondemocratic) of the countries involved and on the aggressor country’s popular support for the government’s aggressive policy. Participants learned that an alleged country planned to attack anothe…
Because I’m Worth It! (More than Others …): Cooperation, Competition, and Ownership Bias in Group Decision-Making
In group decision-making, people take insufficient account of the information coming from others. We hypothesize that this can be explained by an ownership bias that would especially occur in competition, rather than in cooperation. In a two-phase decision-making situation, people reached an initial decision and then evaluated the value of their own information and the consistent and inconsistent information of others under different conditions o…
Collective punishment depends on collective responsibility and political organization of the target group
Assessing does not mean threatening: The purpose of assessment as a key determinant of girls' and boys' performance in a science class
BackgroundIs it possible to reach performance equality between boys and girls in a science class? Given the stereotypes targeting their groups in scientific domains, diagnostic contexts generally lower girls' performance and non-diagnostic contexts may harm boys' performance.AimThe present study tested the effectiveness of a mastery-oriented assessment, allowing both boys and girls to perform at an optimal level in a science class.SampleParticipa…
Ingredients of gender-based stereotypes about food. Indirect influence of food type, portion size and presentation on gendered intentions to eat
Global value perceptions: The legitimising functions of western representations of democracy
This paper argues that a fundamental antagonism between democracy and nondemocracy organises lay thinking on global issues. We review key findings of a long‐standing experimental research programme that examined the “ Democracy‐as‐value ” hypothesis across a variety of political and social contexts. This hypothesis contends that democracy is an ideological belief system that provides value to democratic individuals, groups, and institutions and t…
Psychology (52 works) · Social Psychology (41 works) · Political science (25 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (21 works) · Sociology (19 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Mathematics education (13 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works)