Saul D Hoffman
Biographic Data
| ID | 212558 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Saul D Hoffman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Saul D |
| FAMILY NAME | Hoffman |
| SIGNATURE | HOFFMAN S D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Delaware |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 310 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy
The transformation of women’s lives in the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women, but also their partners and children. This Handbook provides the first comprehensive collection of essays that addresses these issues, using the powerful framework of economics. The essays are divided into three broad sections—marriage and fertility; the labor market; and special topics an…
Are the Effects of Minimum Wage Increases Always Small? A Reanalysis of Sabia, Burkhauser, and Hansen
In a 2012 article, Sabia, Burkhauser, and Hansen reported very large negative effects of the 2004 to 2006 increase in the New York State minimum wage on the employment of young, less-educated workers. Hoffman reexamines their estimates using data from the full Current Population Survey (CPS), rather than the smaller CPS-MORG files they used, and finds no evidence of a negative employment impact. The full CPS, which is the source of U.S. official …
Teen Childbearing and Economics: A Short History of a 25-Year Research Love Affair
Despite its apparent distance from the core topics of economics, economists have been attracted to, and deeply engaged in, research about teen fertility for more than a quarter century. Research has focused on two broad, interrelated issues: the socio-economic consequences of a teen birth and the socio-economic causes of a teen birth. In researching these issues, economists have drawn on and extended basic concepts in economic theory and in appli…
Geography and Gender: Variation in the Gender Earnings Ratio Across U.S. States
Objectives The gender earnings ratio for year‐round full‐time (YRFT) workers varies substantially across U.S. states, with a range of 24 percentage points. I examine the sources of this variation to assess to what extent it reflects compositional differences by gender that vary across state and/or nonneutral effects of state of residence on gender earnings. Methods Using CPS data, I estimate earnings models for men and women that incorporate stat…
Helping Working Families: The Earned Income Tax Credit
Hoffman and Seidman offer a complete assessment of the EITC in which they analyze, evaluate, summarize, and critique the state of the program. The authors find that, overall, the EITC works well, and that it has earned its political popularity. Yet they also uncover several problem areas that they address with specific recommendations based on their analysis
Teenage Childbearing Is Not So Bad After All…Or Is It? A Review of the New Literature
The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring
E. Michael Foster, Damon Jones, Saul D. Hoffman, The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring?, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 163-174
Nonmarital births and single mothers: Cohort trends in the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing
It is no secret that the proportion of births in the U.S. that are nonmarital has been rising steadily for the past several decades. But what about the proportion of women who have nonmarital births? How has it changed over time? There is, in fact, no necessary relationship between the two proportions; rather, the relationship reflects what we refer to as the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing over the life-course. In this article, we use new da…
What Money Can't Buy: Family Income and Children's Life Chances
The Effect of Incomes, Wages, and AFDC Benefits on Marital Disruption
This paper uses a choice-based model to estimate the effects of a broad set of economic factors, including AFDC benefit levels, husband's earnings, and a woman's wage rate, on the probability of marital dissolution. We find that the probability of divorce is lower for marriages in which the husband's labor income is higher. We also find that while AFDC income has a substantial effect on welfare receipt by a divorced woman, it has a relatively sma…
The Effect of Divorce on Intergenerational Transfers: New Evidence
This paper draws on new data on intergenerational transfers of time and money that were collected in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We use these data to examine the effects of divorce on these transfers. We find that the timing of divorce is critical. Fathers and mothers involved in late divorces have similar levels of transfers with their adult children, while divorce during a child’s childhood years increases transfers with mothers and sha…
Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman
Commentary is provided on some of the differences and reasons for the differences between the Geronimus and Korenman findings on the economic effects of teenage childbearing as well as on the authors own interpretation of existing data. The disagreements pertain to technical details involving sampling and data analysis. A review of the history and background of research by both research groups is presented. Geronimus and Korenman presented their …
Discrete-Choice Logit Models: Testing the IIA Property
Multinomial logit discrete-choice models are now being used more frequently in sociological research, but often without appropriate attention to the central role played by the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property. In this article, three tests of the IIA property are discussed and then how to apply them is illustrated, using a data set previously analyzed by Hoffman and Duncan. The IIA tests decisively reject the IIA property in …
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness and Labor Market Effects
a nonprofit research organization, was established on July 1, 1945.It is an activity of the W. E. Upjohn Unemployment Trustee Corporation, which was formed in 1932 to administer a fund set aside by the late
Welfare benefits, economic opportunities, and out-of-wedlock births among black teenage girls
This article presents a model of teenage out-of-wedlock births that incorporates the effectsof both welfare and nonwelfare economic opportunities. We construct measures of the likely “medium-run” income available to a teenage girl in the event of an out of-wedlock birth and in the absence of a birth and then estimate a logit model to determine their importance in influencing fertility behavior. The model is estimated with data from the Panel Stud…
What are the economic consequences of divorce
Multinomial and conditional logit discrete-choice models in demography
Although discrete-choice statistical techniques have been used with increasing regularity in demographic analyses, Mcl’adden’s conditional logit model is less well known and seldom used. Conditional logit models are appropriate when the choice among alternatives is modeled as a function of the characteristics of the alternatives, rather than (or in addition to) the characteristics of the individual making the choice. We argue that this feature of…
The Use and Effects of Welfare: A Survey of Recent Evidence
A review of research on the patterns of receipt and behavioral effects of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program shows that many widely held ideas are not supported by findings based on nationally representative data. Among the key findings are the following: short-term and long-term welfare use are equally common; long-term dependence does not appear to be induced by the AFDC program; the majority of women growing up in heavi…
Labor Market Economics
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital dissolution
We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assess the economic consequences of divorce and separation for the women and men involved. In contrast to previous studies focusing exclusively on those who remain unmarried, our approach integrates the probability of remarriage into the analysis and produces a much less dramatic picture of change in economic status than analyses not incorporating remarriage. However, we also fin…
Selectivity Bias in Male Wage Equations: Black-White Comparisons
Recent studies have documented a significant rise in the male black-white earnings ratio since the mid-1960s. The growing difference in nonemployment rates of blacks and whites clouds these optimistic findings. The basic question addressed in this paper is whether selectivity bias, caused by racial differences in employment rates, is a serious problem in the estimation of wage functions for adult males. For males age 21-34 we found no evidence of…
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
The incidence and wage effects of overeducation
A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital dissolution
We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assess the economic consequences of divorce and separation for the women and men involved. In contrast to previous studies focusing exclusively on those who remain unmarried, our approach integrates the probability of remarriage into the analysis and produces a much less dramatic picture of change in economic status than analyses not incorporating remarriage. However, we also fin…
Multinomial and conditional logit discrete-choice models in demography
Although discrete-choice statistical techniques have been used with increasing regularity in demographic analyses, Mcl’adden’s conditional logit model is less well known and seldom used. Conditional logit models are appropriate when the choice among alternatives is modeled as a function of the characteristics of the alternatives, rather than (or in addition to) the characteristics of the individual making the choice. We argue that this feature of…
The Effect of Divorce on Intergenerational Transfers: New Evidence
This paper draws on new data on intergenerational transfers of time and money that were collected in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We use these data to examine the effects of divorce on these transfers. We find that the timing of divorce is critical. Fathers and mothers involved in late divorces have similar levels of transfers with their adult children, while divorce during a child’s childhood years increases transfers with mothers and sha…
What are the economic consequences of divorce
Welfare benefits, economic opportunities, and out-of-wedlock births among black teenage girls
This article presents a model of teenage out-of-wedlock births that incorporates the effectsof both welfare and nonwelfare economic opportunities. We construct measures of the likely “medium-run” income available to a teenage girl in the event of an out of-wedlock birth and in the absence of a birth and then estimate a logit model to determine their importance in influencing fertility behavior. The model is estimated with data from the Panel Stud…
Marital instability and the economic status of women
This paper uses longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the relationship between changes in marital status and economic status. Differences between men and women and between whites and blacks are also considered. A major finding is that, after adjusting for changes in family size, the economic status of divorced or separated men improves, while that of women declines. Components of income change are discussed, with sp…
Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman
Commentary is provided on some of the differences and reasons for the differences between the Geronimus and Korenman findings on the economic effects of teenage childbearing as well as on the authors own interpretation of existing data. The disagreements pertain to technical details involving sampling and data analysis. A review of the history and background of research by both research groups is presented. Geronimus and Korenman presented their …
The Use and Effects of Welfare: A Survey of Recent Evidence
A review of research on the patterns of receipt and behavioral effects of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program shows that many widely held ideas are not supported by findings based on nationally representative data. Among the key findings are the following: short-term and long-term welfare use are equally common; long-term dependence does not appear to be induced by the AFDC program; the majority of women growing up in heavi…
Discrete-Choice Logit Models: Testing the IIA Property
Multinomial logit discrete-choice models are now being used more frequently in sociological research, but often without appropriate attention to the central role played by the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property. In this article, three tests of the IIA property are discussed and then how to apply them is illustrated, using a data set previously analyzed by Hoffman and Duncan. The IIA tests decisively reject the IIA property in …
The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring
E. Michael Foster, Damon Jones, Saul D. Hoffman, The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring?, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 163-174
Nonmarital births and single mothers: Cohort trends in the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing
It is no secret that the proportion of births in the U.S. that are nonmarital has been rising steadily for the past several decades. But what about the proportion of women who have nonmarital births? How has it changed over time? There is, in fact, no necessary relationship between the two proportions; rather, the relationship reflects what we refer to as the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing over the life-course. In this article, we use new da…
Teen Childbearing and Economics: A Short History of a 25-Year Research Love Affair
Despite its apparent distance from the core topics of economics, economists have been attracted to, and deeply engaged in, research about teen fertility for more than a quarter century. Research has focused on two broad, interrelated issues: the socio-economic consequences of a teen birth and the socio-economic causes of a teen birth. In researching these issues, economists have drawn on and extended basic concepts in economic theory and in appli…
Are the Effects of Minimum Wage Increases Always Small? A Reanalysis of Sabia, Burkhauser, and Hansen
In a 2012 article, Sabia, Burkhauser, and Hansen reported very large negative effects of the 2004 to 2006 increase in the New York State minimum wage on the employment of young, less-educated workers. Hoffman reexamines their estimates using data from the full Current Population Survey (CPS), rather than the smaller CPS-MORG files they used, and finds no evidence of a negative employment impact. The full CPS, which is the source of U.S. official …
Geography and Gender: Variation in the Gender Earnings Ratio Across U.S. States
Objectives The gender earnings ratio for year‐round full‐time (YRFT) workers varies substantially across U.S. states, with a range of 24 percentage points. I examine the sources of this variation to assess to what extent it reflects compositional differences by gender that vary across state and/or nonneutral effects of state of residence on gender earnings. Methods Using CPS data, I estimate earnings models for men and women that incorporate stat…
What Money Can't Buy: Family Income and Children's Life Chances
Marital instability and the economic status of women
This paper uses longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine the relationship between changes in marital status and economic status. Differences between men and women and between whites and blacks are also considered. A major finding is that, after adjusting for changes in family size, the economic status of divorced or separated men improves, while that of women declines. Components of income change are discussed, with sp…
On-The-Job Training and Earnings Differences by Race and Sex
M OST theoretical and empirical work on the determinants of individual earnings has placed special emphasis on an individual's educational attainment and on his or her years of work experience. Although interpreting the effects of education on earnings is relatively straightforward,1 the proper interpretation of the effects of experience on earnings is much less clear. It is certainly true that earnings tend to rise with years of experience, but …
The incidence and wage effects of overeducation
Selectivity Bias in Male Wage Equations: Black-White Comparisons
Recent studies have documented a significant rise in the male black-white earnings ratio since the mid-1960s. The growing difference in nonemployment rates of blacks and whites clouds these optimistic findings. The basic question addressed in this paper is whether selectivity bias, caused by racial differences in employment rates, is a serious problem in the estimation of wage functions for adult males. For males age 21-34 we found no evidence of…
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital dissolution
We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assess the economic consequences of divorce and separation for the women and men involved. In contrast to previous studies focusing exclusively on those who remain unmarried, our approach integrates the probability of remarriage into the analysis and produces a much less dramatic picture of change in economic status than analyses not incorporating remarriage. However, we also fin…
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
Years of Poverty, Years of Plenty: The Changing Economic Fortunes of American Workers and Families
What are the economic consequences of divorce
Multinomial and conditional logit discrete-choice models in demography
Although discrete-choice statistical techniques have been used with increasing regularity in demographic analyses, Mcl’adden’s conditional logit model is less well known and seldom used. Conditional logit models are appropriate when the choice among alternatives is modeled as a function of the characteristics of the alternatives, rather than (or in addition to) the characteristics of the individual making the choice. We argue that this feature of…
The Use and Effects of Welfare: A Survey of Recent Evidence
A review of research on the patterns of receipt and behavioral effects of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program shows that many widely held ideas are not supported by findings based on nationally representative data. Among the key findings are the following: short-term and long-term welfare use are equally common; long-term dependence does not appear to be induced by the AFDC program; the majority of women growing up in heavi…
Labor Market Economics
Welfare benefits, economic opportunities, and out-of-wedlock births among black teenage girls
This article presents a model of teenage out-of-wedlock births that incorporates the effectsof both welfare and nonwelfare economic opportunities. We construct measures of the likely “medium-run” income available to a teenage girl in the event of an out of-wedlock birth and in the absence of a birth and then estimate a logit model to determine their importance in influencing fertility behavior. The model is estimated with data from the Panel Stud…
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness and Labor Market Effects
a nonprofit research organization, was established on July 1, 1945.It is an activity of the W. E. Upjohn Unemployment Trustee Corporation, which was formed in 1932 to administer a fund set aside by the late
Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman
Commentary is provided on some of the differences and reasons for the differences between the Geronimus and Korenman findings on the economic effects of teenage childbearing as well as on the authors own interpretation of existing data. The disagreements pertain to technical details involving sampling and data analysis. A review of the history and background of research by both research groups is presented. Geronimus and Korenman presented their …
Discrete-Choice Logit Models: Testing the IIA Property
Multinomial logit discrete-choice models are now being used more frequently in sociological research, but often without appropriate attention to the central role played by the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property. In this article, three tests of the IIA property are discussed and then how to apply them is illustrated, using a data set previously analyzed by Hoffman and Duncan. The IIA tests decisively reject the IIA property in …
The Effect of Incomes, Wages, and AFDC Benefits on Marital Disruption
This paper uses a choice-based model to estimate the effects of a broad set of economic factors, including AFDC benefit levels, husband's earnings, and a woman's wage rate, on the probability of marital dissolution. We find that the probability of divorce is lower for marriages in which the husband's labor income is higher. We also find that while AFDC income has a substantial effect on welfare receipt by a divorced woman, it has a relatively sma…
The Effect of Divorce on Intergenerational Transfers: New Evidence
This paper draws on new data on intergenerational transfers of time and money that were collected in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We use these data to examine the effects of divorce on these transfers. We find that the timing of divorce is critical. Fathers and mothers involved in late divorces have similar levels of transfers with their adult children, while divorce during a child’s childhood years increases transfers with mothers and sha…
Nonmarital births and single mothers: Cohort trends in the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing
It is no secret that the proportion of births in the U.S. that are nonmarital has been rising steadily for the past several decades. But what about the proportion of women who have nonmarital births? How has it changed over time? There is, in fact, no necessary relationship between the two proportions; rather, the relationship reflects what we refer to as the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing over the life-course. In this article, we use new da…
What Money Can't Buy: Family Income and Children's Life Chances
Teenage Childbearing Is Not So Bad After All…Or Is It? A Review of the New Literature
The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring
E. Michael Foster, Damon Jones, Saul D. Hoffman, The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring?, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 163-174
Helping Working Families: The Earned Income Tax Credit
Hoffman and Seidman offer a complete assessment of the EITC in which they analyze, evaluate, summarize, and critique the state of the program. The authors find that, overall, the EITC works well, and that it has earned its political popularity. Yet they also uncover several problem areas that they address with specific recommendations based on their analysis
Teen Childbearing and Economics: A Short History of a 25-Year Research Love Affair
Despite its apparent distance from the core topics of economics, economists have been attracted to, and deeply engaged in, research about teen fertility for more than a quarter century. Research has focused on two broad, interrelated issues: the socio-economic consequences of a teen birth and the socio-economic causes of a teen birth. In researching these issues, economists have drawn on and extended basic concepts in economic theory and in appli…
Geography and Gender: Variation in the Gender Earnings Ratio Across U.S. States
Objectives The gender earnings ratio for year‐round full‐time (YRFT) workers varies substantially across U.S. states, with a range of 24 percentage points. I examine the sources of this variation to assess to what extent it reflects compositional differences by gender that vary across state and/or nonneutral effects of state of residence on gender earnings. Methods Using CPS data, I estimate earnings models for men and women that incorporate stat…
Economics (26 works) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Demographic economics (16 works) · Demography (12 works) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (10 works) · Population (10 works) · Demography (9 works) · Labour economics (9 works) · Psychology (9 works)