Simon Capewell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 2134184 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Simon Capewell |
| NOMBRES | Simon |
| APELLIDO | Capewell |
| FIRMA | CAPEWELL S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Liverpool |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3960-8999 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 84 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 84 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2003 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
The case for developing a cohesive systems approach to research across unhealthy commodity industries
OBJECTIVES: Most non-communicable diseases are preventable and largely driven by the consumption of harmful products, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling and ultra-processed food and drink products, collectively termed unhealthy commodities. This paper explores the links between unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs), analyses the extent of alignment across their corporate political strategies, and proposes a cohesive systems approach to research a…
Context-led capacity building in time of crisis
BACKGROUND: This paper examines one EC-funded multinational project (RESCAP-MED), with a focus on research capacity building (RCB) concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa. By the project's end (2015), the entire region was engulfed in crisis. OBJECTIVE: Designed before this crisis developed in 2011, the primary purpose of RESCAP-MED was to foster methodological skills needed to conduct multi-d…
Explaining income-related inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in Tunisian adults during the last decade
The present study showed substantial income-related inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes in Tunisia and provided explanations for this. Results based on two different methods similarly showed that structural disparities on income, educational level and regional conditions should be addressed in order to reduce inequalities
Following in the footsteps of tobacco and alcohol? Stakeholder discourse in UK newspaper coverage of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy
Objective: In politically contested health debates, stakeholders on both sides present arguments and evidence to influence public opinion and the political agenda. The present study aimed to examine whether stakeholders in the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) debate sought to establish or undermine the acceptability of this policy through the news media and how this compared with similar policy debates in relation to tobacco and alcohol industrie…
Quantifying the impact of the Public Health Responsibility Deal on salt intake, cardiovascular disease and gastric cancer burdens
BACKGROUND: In 2011, England introduced the Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD), a public-private partnership (PPP) which gave greater freedom to the food industry to set and monitor targets for salt intakes. We estimated the impact of the RD on trends in salt intake and associated changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastric cancer (GCa) incidence, mortality and economic costs in England from 2011-2025. METHODS: microsimulation model t…
Effects of reducing processed culinary ingredients and ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian diet
Objective To estimate the impact of reducing saturated fat, trans -fat, salt and added sugar from processed culinary ingredients and ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian diet on preventing cardiovascular deaths by 2030. Design A modelling study. Setting Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey 2008/2009. All food items purchased were categorized into food groups according to the NOVA classification. We estimated the energy …
Implications of Brexit on the effectiveness of the UK soft drinks industry levy upon CHD in England
Objective An industry levy on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was implemented in the UK in 2018. One year later, Brexit is likely to change the UK trade regime with potential implications for sugar price. We modelled the effect of potential changes in sugar price due to Brexit on SSB levy impacts upon CHD mortality and inequalities. Design We modelled a baseline SSB levy scenario; an SSB levy under ‘soft’ Brexit, where the UK establishes a free t…
The prospective impact of food pricing on improving dietary consumption
Return on investment of public health interventions
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Sodium Intake
Food for thought? Potential conflicts of interest in academic experts advising government and charities on dietary policies
Conflicts of interest are unavoidable but potentially manageable. Government organisations responsible for policy development and implementation must institutionalize an approach to identify (disclose) and manage (mitigate or eliminate) perceived and actual CoI to improve public confidence in government decision-making relevant to food policy
The effects of maximising the UK’s tobacco control score on inequalities in smoking prevalence and premature coronary heart disease mortality
Further, feasible improvements in tobacco control policy could substantially improve population health, and reduce health-related inequalities in England
Estimating the potential contribution of stroke treatments and preventative policies to reduce the stroke and ischemic heart disease mortality in Turkey up to 2032
Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in ischemic stroke and IHD mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention
Forecasting Tunisian type 2 diabetes prevalence to 2027
This innovative model provides a reasonably close estimate of T2D prevalence for Tunisia over the 1997-2027 period. Diabetes burden is now a significant public health challenge. Our model predicts that this burden will increase significantly in the next two decades. Tackling obesity, smoking and other T2D risk factors thus needs urgent action. Tunisian decision makers have therefore defined two strategies: obesity reduction and tobacco control. R…
Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact
Interventions categorised by a "6 Ps" framework show differential effects on healthy eating outcomes by SEP. "Upstream" interventions categorised as "Price" appeared to decrease inequalities, and "downstream" "Person" interventions, especially dietary counselling seemed to increase inequalities. However the vast majority of studies identified did not explore differential effects by SEP. Interventions aimed at improving population health should be…
Smorgasbord or symphony? Assessing public health nutrition policies across 30 European countries using a novel framework
Public health nutrition policies in Europe appear diverse, dynamic, complex and bewildering. The "4 Ps" framework potentially offers a structured and comprehensive categorisation. Encouragingly, the majority of European countries are engaged in activities intended to increase consumption of healthy food and decrease the intake of "junk" food and sugary drinks. Leading countries include Finland, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Hungary, Portugal and perh…
Fruit and vegetable consumption and non-communicable disease
ATP-dependent K + channels are composed of pore-forming subunits of the Kir6. x family and of sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). SUR1, expressed in pancreatic β-cells, has a higher affinity for sulfonylureas, such as glibenclamide, than SUR2B, expressed in smooth muscle. This difference is mainly caused by serine 1237 in SUR1 corresponding to tyrosine 1206 in SUR2B. To increase the affinity of SUR2B for glibenclamide, the mutant SUR2B(Y1206S) was con…
Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Turkey between 1995 and 2008
Reduction in major cardiovascular risk factors explained approximately 42% and improvements in medical and surgical treatments explained some 47% of the CHD mortality fall. These findings emphasize the complimentary value of primary prevention and evidence-based medical treatments in controlling coronary heart disease
Forecasting future prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Syria
The future projections of T2DM in Syria put it amongst countries with the highest levels of T2DM worldwide. It is estimated that by 2022 approximately a fifth of the Syrian population aged 25 years and older will have T2DM
PP11 Using the “4Ps” Marketing Approach to Evaluate Health-Promoting Food Policies. A Rapid Scoping Review
Background Population-wide policy actions to promote a healthy diet offer potentially large benefits in terms of reducing the non-communicable disease burden. However, there are wide ranges of potential options, with varying effectiveness. In order to make sense of this diversity, we conducted a rapid scoping review and tested a simple conceptual framework for categorising policies based on the marketing “4Ps” approach (Price, Product, Place and …
PP09 Assessing the Potential Effect of Healthy Eating Policy Interventions on Socioeconomic Inequalities
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main contributors to health inequalities. CVD primary prevention includes potentially powerful interventions to promote healthy eating. However, might some dietary interventions actually widen the heath gap between rich and poor, thus leading to intervention-generated inequalities? Objective To systematically review the evidence for differential socio-economic effects associated with healthy e…
OP15 Identifying the most effective public health nutrition policies
Background EuroHeart 2 is a European research programme led by the European Heart Network and European Society of Cardiology ( http://www.ehnheart.org/euroheart-ii.html ). One aspect of the project aimed to identify the most effective public health nutrition policies, in order to inform future evidence-based strategies to promote cardiovascular health. We interviewed senior policy-makers and thought-leaders in 14 diverse EU countries to elicit th…
PPO1 Predicting Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality trends in England and Wales in 2020
Background Although Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) death rates have halved since the 1970s, CHD remains a major cause of mortality in the UK. Furthermore, population ageing plus recent increases in obesity and diabetes may soon increase total CHD deaths. Future CHD mortality predictions are thus potentially problematic. Our aim was therefore to explore future projections of CHD mortality in England & Wales under conventional but contrasting assumpt…
OP56 Modelling Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality to 2030 in the British Isles
Background Despite rapidly declining coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates over the last two decades, CHD mortality rates in the British Isles are still amongst the highest in Europe. Greater risk factor reductions have been achieved in many other countries in Europe and beyond. This study aimed to use a modelling approach to assess the potential impact of alternative future risk factor scenarios relating to smoking and physical activity l…
OP55 How Many Coronary Heart Disease Deaths in Poland in 2020 might be Prevented by Further Reductions in Population Risk Factor Levels
Background Poland has experienced one of the most dramatic declines in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in recent decades. This decline reflects the use of evidence based treatments and, crucially, population wide changes in diet. Our aim is to explore the potential for further gains in Poland by achieving population wide reductions in smoking, dietary salt and saturated fat intake and physical inactivity levels. Methods A validated a…
Negotiating palliative care expertise in the medical world
Modelling the impact of a healthy diet on cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality
BACKGROUND: Quantifying the potential health benefits of improvements in the nutritional quality of the average diet of a population would provide evidence for resource allocation between population-level interventions aimed at reducing chronic disease. METHODS: A model was built linking consumption of food components with biological risk factors (blood pressure, serum cholesterol and obesity) and subsequent mortality from coronary heart disease,…
Life-Years Gained From Modern Cardiological Treatments and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981–2000
Objectives. We estimated life-years gained from cardiological treatments and cardiovascular risk factor changes in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. Methods. We used the IMPACT model to integrate data on the number of coronary heart disease patients, treatment uptake and effectiveness, risk factor trends, and median survival in coronary heart disease patients. Results. Compared with 1981, there were 68230 fewer coronary deaths in 2000. App…
Quantifying the impact of the Public Health Responsibility Deal on salt intake, cardiovascular disease and gastric cancer burdens
BACKGROUND: In 2011, England introduced the Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD), a public-private partnership (PPP) which gave greater freedom to the food industry to set and monitor targets for salt intakes. We estimated the impact of the RD on trends in salt intake and associated changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastric cancer (GCa) incidence, mortality and economic costs in England from 2011-2025. METHODS: microsimulation model t…
Fruit and vegetable consumption and non-communicable disease
ATP-dependent K + channels are composed of pore-forming subunits of the Kir6. x family and of sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). SUR1, expressed in pancreatic β-cells, has a higher affinity for sulfonylureas, such as glibenclamide, than SUR2B, expressed in smooth muscle. This difference is mainly caused by serine 1237 in SUR1 corresponding to tyrosine 1206 in SUR2B. To increase the affinity of SUR2B for glibenclamide, the mutant SUR2B(Y1206S) was con…
New perspectives on cardiovascular risk in individuals and in populations
Predictive risk algorithms are embedded in the daily practice of clinicians; they often represent a crucial tool to estimate a particular individual's risk of future disease. And, clearly, these individuals, en masse, will comprise the entire population. However, do the same risk principles apply en masse? Geoffrey Rose was famously one of the first scientists to consider risk in entire populations. He suggested that the determinants of risk at t…
P03 Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Northern Ireland between 1987 and 2007
Purpose In 1987, Northern Ireland had one of the highest rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the world. However, CHD mortality has declined substantially over the last 2 decades. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of changes in CHD risk factors to CHD mortality decline from 1987 to to 2007. Methods The validated IMPACT CHD mortality model was used in all calculations. We included data describing population s…
Negotiating palliative care expertise in the medical world
Life-Years Gained From Modern Cardiological Treatments and Population Risk Factor Changes in England and Wales, 1981–2000
Objectives. We estimated life-years gained from cardiological treatments and cardiovascular risk factor changes in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. Methods. We used the IMPACT model to integrate data on the number of coronary heart disease patients, treatment uptake and effectiveness, risk factor trends, and median survival in coronary heart disease patients. Results. Compared with 1981, there were 68230 fewer coronary deaths in 2000. App…
Explaining the recent decrease in coronary heart disease mortality rates in Ireland, 1985–2000
Study objectives: To examine the proportion of the recent decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths in Ireland attributable to (a) “evidence based” medical and surgical treatments, and (b) changes in major cardiovascular risk factors. Design setting: IMPACT, a previously validated model, was used to combine and analyse data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiology treatments and risk factor trends, stratified by age and sex. The m…
Explaining the Decrease in U.S. Deaths from Coronary Disease, 1980–2000
BACKGROUND: Mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States has decreased substantially in recent decades. We conducted a study to determine how much of this decrease could be explained by the use of medical and surgical treatments as opposed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data on the use and effectiveness of specific cardiac treatments and on changes …
Comparing primary prevention with secondary prevention to explain decreasing Coronary Heart Disease death rates in Ireland, 1985–2000
Compared with secondary prevention, primary prevention achieved a two-fold larger reduction in CHD deaths. Future national CHD policies should therefore prioritize nationwide interventions to promote healthy diets and reduce smoking
Patterns of coronary heart disease mortality over the 20th century in England and Wales
Although CHD mortality rates continue to drop in older age groups the actual burden of coronary heart disease is increasing due to the ageing of the population. The rate of improvement in CHD mortality appears to be beginning to decline and may even be reversing among younger women
Planning ahead in public health? A qualitative study of the time horizons used in public health decision-making
Many public health decision and policy makers feel that the timescales for decision-making are too short. Substantial systemic barriers to longer-term planning exist. Policy makers need to look beyond short-term targets and budget cycles to secure investment for long-term improvement in public health
Coronary Heart Disease Deaths And Decreased Smoking Prevalence in Massachusetts, 1993–2003
We used the previously validated IMPACT coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality model to estimate the CHD deaths attributable to reductions in smoking prevalence following the introduction of the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP) in 1993. A 29% and 31% decline in smoking prevalence and CHD mortality rates occurred, respectively (from 1993 to 2003). A total of 425 fewer CHD deaths, which generated approximately 3365 extra life-years, wer…
The impact of demographic and risk factor changes on coronary heart disease deaths in Beijing, 1999–2010
CHD death rates are continuing to rise in Beijing. This reflects worsening risk factor levels, compounded by demographic trends. However, the adverse impact of population ageing on CHD burden could be completely offset by eminently feasible improvements in diet and smoking
Small changes in snacking behaviour
Objective To examine the potential public health impact on CHD and stroke mortality of replacing one ‘unhealthy’ snack with one ‘healthy’ snack per person, per day, across the UK population. Methods Nutritional information was obtained for different ‘unhealthy’ (such as crisps, chocolate bars, cakes and pastries) and ‘healthy’ snack products (such as fresh fruit, dried fruit, unsalted nuts or seeds). Expected changes in dietary intake were calcul…
Year trends in major coronary risk factors in older British men
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
Explaining the massive decline in coronary heart disease mortality in iceland between 1981 and 2006
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
Choosing metrics in public health assessments
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
P39 Healthy eating for children in early years settings
Background Children's dietary habits are often well established by 5 years of age. However, statutory guidelines to promote healthy food currently only apply to schools, not pre-school nurseries. Furthermore, good practice evidence has been well summarised in the Caroline Walker Trust (CWT) Guidelines to Encourage Healthy Eating in Children Under Five. (2006). Objectives To evaluate the extent to which national and local UK guidelines for the ear…
Systematic review
Objective To review: the process of public health policy-making; variations in the extent of research evidence used; other influencing factors; and barriers to and facilitators of the use of research evidence. Design Systematic review of empirical studies reporting data on policy-making in public health. Data Sources Databases searched: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, The Social Science Citation Index, The Science Citation Index, The Arts and…
P41 Young children's food in day care settings
Objectives To explore nutrition in local day care settings in order to develop a package of interventions that will promote healthy eating in Liverpool across deprived communities. Design Qualitative—participant observation, direct observation, interviews. Setting Community—preschool nurseries. Participants Nursery managers, cooks, staff, parents, children (total=36). Main Outcome Measures Up to date assessments of food policy and provision in a …
P54 Might financial cuts drive NHS decision-making “downstream”? A qualitative study of factors affecting public health decision-making
Objectives To explore the process of public health decision-making, and the role of research evidence, taking cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a case study. Design In-depth interview study. Setting and Participants Over 30 public health policy-makers and planners in CVD, including: commissioners, public health consultants, data analysts, librarians and knowledge managers at Primary Care Trusts; public health academics; lead consultant cardiologist…
Socio-economic trends in cardiovascular risk factors in England, 1994–2008
Objective Recent large falls in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) mortality rates have been attributed to reductions in behavioural and physiological risk factors, particularly smoking, cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), and also to the increasingly widespread use of cardiological treatments. Such gains, however, have been partially offset by unfavourable trends in Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes and physical inactivity, possibly exac…
A policy effectiveness-feasibility loop? Promoting the use of evidence to support the development of healthy public policy
Background Historically, policy initiatives have made variable contributions to improvements in public health. Today there is a growing interest in translating evidence from health research into healthy public policy. Although research evidence may be a component of policy development, it is rarely enough, because policy makers are subject to a wide range of influences. Furthermore, researchers and policy makers usually work within different time…
Socio-economic patterning of the trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in Scotland
Background In Scotland, as in other countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has substantially declined over time. However, this decline may be slowing among younger groups and there are still large inequalities in mortality between socio-economic groups. Objectives To examine secular changes in the prevalence of known CVD risk factors in the Scottish population according to socio-economic position. Design Representative data on health a…
P03 Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in Northern Ireland between 1987 and 2007
Purpose In 1987, Northern Ireland had one of the highest rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the world. However, CHD mortality has declined substantially over the last 2 decades. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of changes in CHD risk factors to CHD mortality decline from 1987 to to 2007. Methods The validated IMPACT CHD mortality model was used in all calculations. We included data describing population s…
P02 Risk factor and treatment contributions to the coronary heart disease mortality decline in a low risk Mediterranean population
Background The “Mediterranean Paradox” means that low risk countries such as Spain experience substantially less cardiovascular mortality than North Europe or the USA. Can cardiovascular mortality fall further? Objective We examined the extent to which the decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in Spain could be explained by changes in cardiovascular risk factors and by the use of medical and surgical treatments in Spain between…
Estimating the UK cardiovascular mortality reduction expected with different food policy options
Objective To estimate the reduction in UK cardiovascular mortality potentially achievable by decreasing saturated fat, trans -fat and salt consumption and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) mortality reductions were calculated by synthesising data on population, diet, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and CVD mortality rates. Contemporary mortality and dietary data among UK adults 25 to 84 years old were obtai…
Coronary heart disease mortality in The Netherlands from 1972 to 2007
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has steadily declined since the early 1970s in The Netherlands. Recent work suggests that in some Western countries the rate of decline in some groups has begun to decrease and may be starting to plateau or even reverse. These changes may be a result of changes in the pattern for major cardiovascular risk factor trends. Methods Data for all deaths between 1972 and 2007 in The Netherlands were grou…
Forecasting diabetes prevalence using a simple model
Mice with a mutation of the ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa gene ( skg mutation) are genetically prone to develop autoimmune arthritis, depending on the environment. In a set of mice with the mutation, the amount of ζ-associated protein of 70 kDa protein as well as its tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR stimulation decreased from +/+, skg /+, skg / skg , to skg /− mice in a stepwise manner. The reduction resulted in graded alterations of thymic pos…
Medicine (77 obras) · Environmental health (53 obras) · Internal Medicine (47 obras) · Demography (44 obras) · Population (41 obras) · Internal Medicine (32 obras) · Gerontology (29 obras) · Public health (27 obras) · Coronary heart disease (23 obras) · Epidemiology (22 obras)