Toon W Taris
Biographic Data
| ID | 213784 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Toon W Taris |
| GIVEN NAMES | Toon W |
| FAMILY NAME | Taris |
| SIGNATURE | TARIS T W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Radboud University Nijmegen |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1946-3307 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 48 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
“Take a break!”: The role of off-job detachment in the relation between demands and work performance in elite athletes
This study investigated the role of detachment from sports in the relation between sport-related “job” demands and performance-related outcomes of elite athletes (i.e., cognitive liveliness, physical strength, task performance, and sustainable performance). Drawing on cross-sectional survey data from 191 Chinese elite handball players, regression analyses revealed that detachment mediated and moderated the associations between specific demands an…
Are Bad Leaders Indeed Bad for Employees? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Between Destructive Leadership and Employee Outcomes
Does having bad leaders have long-lasting adverse effects on employees? While previous studies have primarily viewed subordinate deviant behavior as a crucial consequence of destructive leadership, aggression theory suggests that subordinate deviant behavior could also be an antecedent of destructive leadership. To address this question, we conducted a meta-analysis by focusing on longitudinal field studies (i.e., time-lagged and panel designs), …
The Systematic Development of an Online Career-Oriented People Management Training for Line Managers of Professionals: A Pilot Field Intervention Study
This study systematically develops an online training program improving line managers’ career-oriented people management behavior, including a pilot test. This program was developed based on the six steps of the Intervention Mapping protocol. Interviews were held with line managers and physicians to understand their needs and challenges with regard to people management. The program aimed to create (self-)awareness, enhance knowledge, support the …
Leadership and Workplace Aggression: A Meta-analysis
Workplace aggression (bullying, incivility, and similar forms of interpersonal mistreatment) has been established as a prevalent and detrimental issue in organizations. While numerous studies have documented the important role of leaders in inhibiting or accelerating workplace aggression, a systematic overview of the associations between different leadership styles and workplace aggression as well as its boundary conditions is still lacking. This…
Workaholism: Taking Stock and Looking Forward
Drawing on 50 years of research, this article defines workaholism as involving high motivation (e.g., being driven to work due to internal pressures) as well as high effort expenditure (e.g., having persistent thoughts about work when not working and working beyond what can reasonably be expected). Workaholism can be distinguished from concepts such as work engagement, work passion, and Type-A behavior, and valid workaholism measures are availabl…
Job loss-related complicated grief symptoms: A cognitive-behavioral framework
In a significant minority of people, involuntarily job loss can result in symptoms of job loss-related complicated grief (JLCG). The present cognitive-behavioral framework is introduced to explain the underlying processes that may lead to the development and maintenance of JLCG symptoms. Three core processes play a central role, namely (1) negative cognitions related to the job loss and misinterpretation of one's grief reactions; (2) anxious and …
Stimulating Employability and Job Crafting Behaviour of Physicians: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The demanding work context of physicians challenges their employability (i.e., their ability and willingness to continue to work). This requires them to proactively manage their working life and employability, for instance, through job crafting behaviour. This randomized controlled intervention study aimed to examine the effects of a personalized feedback report on physicians’ employability and job crafting behaviour. A total of 165 physicians fr…
Country differences in the relationship between leadership and employee engagement: A meta-analysis
Employee Sustainable Performance (E-SuPer): Theoretical Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Psychometric Properties
Although the concept of employee sustainable performance has received considerable attention in the practitioner literature, academic research still lacks a clear conceptualization and empirical operationalization of this concept. Defining employee sustainable performance as a regulatory process in which an individual worker enduringly and efficiently achieves particular desired work goals while maintaining a satisfactory level of well-being, thi…
Complicated grief following job loss: Risk factors for its development and maintenance
Increasing evidence shows that job loss can lead to symptoms of complicated grief (CG). However, little is known about which factors relate to the development and maintenance of CG symptoms following job loss. This study aimed to examine risk factors for the development and maintenance of job loss‐related CG symptoms. For this study 485 Dutch workers who had lost their job were recruited (239 men and 246 women), with an average age of 50.2 years.…
Mental Recovery and Running-Related Injuries in Recreational Runners: The Moderating Role of Passion for Running
This pilot study investigates the moderating role of passion for running in the relation between mental recovery from running and running-related injuries (RRIs). We predict that the relation between recovery and injuries is dependent on the level of passion. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 246 Dutch recreational runners. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the negative association between mental recovery af…
Feeling Vital or Fatigued? Relations with Demands and Resources in a University Context
This study examines whether specific (matching) combinations of demands and resources exist in the prediction of both positive and negative outcomes (i.e., vitality and fatigue) in a university context. In addition, we test the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation (DISC) Model's key principles in this context to study its relevance, validity, and generalizability. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 397 employees and 497 students at …
Effect of a participative action intervention program on reducing mental retirement
The stepwise, bottom-up participatory program with a tailor-made intervention process shows a tendency to decrease the level of mental retirement in Dutch employees. However, the implementation of interventions could be further improved since it turned out to be very challenging to keep up participants' commitment to the program. Future research should study the effectiveness of this program further with an improved study design (control group, m…
Transitioning Towards New Ways of Working: Do Job Demands, Job Resources, Burnout, and Engagement Change
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mandatory transition to New Ways of Working (NWW) on employees' job demands (i.e., mental demands, workload, and task ambiguity), job resources (i.e., autonomy, supervisor support, coworker support, and possibilities for development), and their levels of burnout and work engagement. Additionally, it was investigated whether the effects of the transition depended on employees' p…
A Critical Review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for Improving Work and Health
An Introduction to Contemporary Work Psychology
AN INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY WORK PSYCHOLOGY ‘[This book] provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, featuring contributions from around the world. Not only is the book well-written, it is also very readable and entertaining and provides a thorough and scholarly introduction to all aspects of the field. I strongly and unreservedly endorse and recommend it.’ Anthony Harold Winefield, PhD, Professor of Psychology, University of South Au…
Demographic and Occupational Correlates of Workaholism
Drawing on a convenience sample of 9,160 Dutch employees, the present study examined whether commonly held ideas about the associations between demographic, professional, and occupational characteristics and workaholism would be observed. For example, it is sometimes assumed that managers are more likely to display workaholic tendencies than others. Analysis of variance was used to relate workaholism scores (measured as the combination of working…
The Job Demands–Resources model: An analysis of additive and joint effects of demands and resources
Effects of vacation from work on health and well-being: Lots of fun, quickly gone
Although vacation from work provides a valuable opportunity for recovery, few studies have met the requirements for assessing its effects. These include taking measurements well ahead of the vacation, during the vacation and at several points in time afterwards. Our study on vacation (after-) effects focused on two related questions: (1) Do health and well-being of working individuals improve during a vacation? and (2) How long does a vacation ef…
Workers' Personal Initiative as a Moderator of the Relations between Job Characteristics and Well-Being
Having personal initiative means that workers are self-starting, pro-active, and persistent in pursuing their goals. This study examined whether personal initiative contributed to the prediction of two aspects of well-being (emotional exhaustion and learning motivation). Personal initiative was expected to have direct effects on well-being as well as moderate the effects of relevant work characteristics such as job demands and control. As expecte…
Workers’ Personal Initiative as a Moderator of the Relations Between Job Characteristics and Well-Being 1
Having personal initiative means that workers are self-starting, pro-active, and persistent in pursuing their goals. This study examined whether personal initiative contributed to the prediction of two aspects of well-being (emotional exhaustion and learning motivation). Personal initiative was expected to have direct effects on well-being as well as moderate the effects of relevant work characteristics such as job demands and control. As expecte…
Do We Recover from Vacation? Meta‐analysis of Vacation Effects on Health and Well‐being
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate to what extent vacation has positive effects on health and well-being, how long such effects endure after work resumption, and how specific vacation activities and experiences affect these relationships. METHODS: Based on a systematic literature search (PsycInfo, Medline) and methodological exclusion criteria, in a stepwise approach, 7 studies were selected and reviewed. Effect sizes (Co…
Daily recovery from work-related effort during non-work time
The aim of this chapter is to provide a literature review on daily recovery during non-work time. Specifically, next to discussing theories that help us understand the process of recovery, we will clarify how recovery and its potential outcomes have been conceptualized so far. Consequently, we present empirical findings of diary studies addressing the activities that may facilitate or hinder daily recovery. We will pay special attention to potent…
On the relationships among work characteristics and learning‐related behavior: Does age matter
This 3‐wave longitudinal study examined (a) the causal direction of the relationships among psychosocial work characteristics (e.g., job demands, job control, and supervisor support) and indicators of learning‐related behavior (e.g., motivation to learn and active problem solving), and (b) whether these relationships differed across age, by comparing the results for young (≤30), middle‐aged (31–44) and older (≥45) workers. The results for the tot…
The Psychometric Properties of a Translated Version of the Survey Work-Home Interaction — Nijmegen (SWING) Instrument
In this study we examined (1) the construct validity, construct equivalence, and reliability of two translations of the Survey Work-Home Interaction — Nijmegen (SWING); (2) the prevalence of work-home interaction; and (3) validity evidence based on relations with theoretically relevant external variables (i.e. job characteristics and indicators of well-being). The SWING questionnaire and a biographical questionnaire were translated into Afrikaans…
Measuring the Agreement between Sequences
The present article proposes a new method to assess distances between sequences of states, belonging to, for instance, event histories. It is based on the number of moves needed to turn one sequence into another sequence. This number of moves is standardized by relating it to the number of moves needed to turn the sequence into its reverse. Weighting it in different manners by the number of common elements in both sequences yields three different…
On the relationships among work characteristics and learning‐related behavior: Does age matter
This 3‐wave longitudinal study examined (a) the causal direction of the relationships among psychosocial work characteristics (e.g., job demands, job control, and supervisor support) and indicators of learning‐related behavior (e.g., motivation to learn and active problem solving), and (b) whether these relationships differed across age, by comparing the results for young (≤30), middle‐aged (31–44) and older (≥45) workers. The results for the tot…
Parent–Child Interaction During Adolescence, and the Adolescent's Sexual Experience: Control, Closeness, and Conflict
Being Driven to Work Excessively Hard: The Evaluation of a Two-Factor Measure of Workaholism in The Netherlands and Japan
Based on a conceptual analysis, a two-dimensional self-report questionnaire for assessing workaholism (work addiction) is proposed, including (1) working excessively hard and (2) working compulsively. Using independent explorative and confirmative samples that include employees from The Netherlands ( N = 7,594) and Japan ( N = 3,311), a questionnaire is developed and psychometrically evaluated. Results show that both scales (five items each) are …
Gender as a Moderator of the Effects of the Love Motive and Relational Context on Sexual Experience
The Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study on Job Seeking in the Netherlands
This study examined the cross-cultural generalizability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as applied to job seeking, by comparing samples of native Dutch and Turkish individuals in The Netherlands. Results support the equivalence of the measures used. Moreover, the TPB relationships are found to be comparable across the two samples. Contrary to the predictions, intentions of Turkish individuals are not affected more by subjective norms and …
Does Adolescents' Sexual Behaviour Affect their Sexual Attitudes
The longitudinal study reported here examines the relationship between adolescents' sexual experience and their orientations towards sexual issues (e.g., attitudes towards sexual permissiveness, their preferred courtship styles, inter alia). The hypothesis under examination was whether sexual experience influences orientations towards sexual issues. To this end we utilised a random sample of 244 adolescents stratified by area and interviewed twic…
Measuring the Agreement between Sequences
The present article proposes a new method to assess distances between sequences of states, belonging to, for instance, event histories. It is based on the number of moves needed to turn one sequence into another sequence. This number of moves is standardized by relating it to the number of moves needed to turn the sequence into its reverse. Weighting it in different manners by the number of common elements in both sequences yields three different…
Can Labour Market Segment Explain Male/Female Income Differences at the Start of the Employment Career
This study links the fact that men and women are unequally represented on the internal and external segment of the labour market, to the finding that on the internal segment of the labour market wages are higher than on the external segment. Taken together, this presents a possible explanation for gender differences in income. This reasoning was tested using panel data from 435 employed young adults aged 18–26 years old at the start of the study.…
Parenting Environment and Scholastic Achievement During Adolescence: A Retrospective Study
The current paper examines how two parenting styles (the degree to which parents provided an overly protective environment, and a warm and loving environment) relate to educational achievement. We expected that a warm and loving upbringing and an upbringing that is not overly protective would contribute to success at school. Data on the educational careers of 986 Dutch adults aged 18–30 years were gathered both retrospectively and longitudinally.…
Shifts in the Educational and Vocational Careers of Dutch Young Adults During the Eighties: On the Decreasing Pay-off of Education
This article examines the development of the educational and vocational careers of 1257 subjects born between 1961 and 1969 as a function of economic circumstances in the Netherlands during the eighties. Subjects were expected to attend school longer in times of recession, to have a higher level of education, while getting a suitable, high-quality job (in terms of number of hours, appointment type and occupational level) would be difficult. Consi…
Quality of Mother-child Interaction, Differences in Sexual Attitudes, and Inter-generational Disagreement on Sexuality
The current paper examines the frequency of inter-generational disagreement reported by mothers and adolescents as a function of the quality of their interaction, and the match between their sexual attitudes. We expected that the quality of family interaction would act as a ‘family asset’ that would enable members of families to manage and control the tensions caused by differences in (sexual) attitudes. Data on 319 British adolescent-mother pair…
Parent–Child Interaction During Adolescence, and the Adolescent's Sexual Experience: Control, Closeness, and Conflict
Dilemmas of academic practice: Perceptions of superiority among social psychologists
The current research examines social psychologists' beliefs regarding the probability of self and others to engage in desirable and undesirable actions relevant to solving dilemmas of academic practice (e.g. openly discussing versus concealing complex effects in a paper). Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed that social psychologists believed that others are more likely than they themselves to engage in undesirable actions and less likely…
Dilemmas of academic practice: Perceptions of superiority among social psychologists
The current research examines social psychologists' beliefs regarding the probability of self and others to engage in desirable and undesirable actions relevant to solving dilemmas of academic practice (e.g.openly discussing versus concealing complex effects in a paper).Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed that social psychologists believed that others are more likely than they themselves to engage in undesirable actions and less likely t…
Gender as a Moderator of the Effects of the Love Motive and Relational Context on Sexual Experience
Describing behaviours of self and others: Self-enhancing beliefs and language abstraction level
ness and frequency of descriptions of positive and negative behaviours were examined as a function of target (self versus others), valence (positive versus negative), and type of behaviour (publicly verifiable behaviours versus not publicly verifiable behaviours). Positive behaviours of self were expected to be reported more often and more abstractly than positive behaviours of others. For negative behaviours, this pattern of effects should be re…
Describing behaviours of self and others: Self‐enhancing beliefs and language abstraction level
"The very best of the millennium": Longitudinal research and the demand-control-(support) model.
This study addressed the methodological quality of longitudinal research examining R. Karasek and T. Theorell's (1990) demand-control-(support) model and reviewed the results of the best of this research. Five criteria for evaluating methodological quality were used: type of design, length of time lags, quality of measures, method of analysis, and nonresponse analysis. These criteria were applied to 45 longitudinal studies, of which 19 (42%) obta…
A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four home care organizations.
The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was tested in a study among 3,092 employees working in 1 of 4 different home care organizations. The central assumption in the model is that burnout develops when certain job demands are high and when job resources are limited because such negative working conditions lead to energy depletion and undermine worker motivation and learning opportunities, respectively. A series of multigroup structural equation m…
The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: Examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study
This longitudinal study examined the causal relationships between job demands, job control and supervisor support on the one hand and mental health on the other. Whereas we assumed that work characteristics affect mental health, we also examined reversed causal relationships (mental health influences work characteristics). Further, the topic of the appropriate time lag for testing causal relationships was addressed. Our hypotheses were tested in …
The structure of occupational well‐being: A study among Dutch teachers
This study examined the structure of occupational well‐being among 1,252 Dutch teachers. Building on Warr (1994) and Ryff (1989), a multidimensional model for occupational well‐being (including affective, cognitive, professional, social and psychosomatic dimensions) was proposed and tested. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the distinction between these dimensions. A second‐order factor analysis revealed that affect was the most central dime…
Are there causal relationships between the dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory? A review and two longitudinal tests
Arising from interest concerning the possibility of causal relationships among the three components of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, several process models have been proposed for the development of burnout. The present paper first reviews the evidence in favour of the three most influential of these (Leiter and Maslach's model (1988); Golembiewski, Boudreau, Munzenrider, & Luo's (1996) phase model; and Lee and Ashforth's model (1993)). These thr…
The conceptualization and measurement of burnout: Common ground and worlds apart The views expressed in Work & Stress Commentaries are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily represent those of…
In this edition of Work & Stress, Kristensen and his colleagues critically discuss the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and present an alternative, more general instrument to measure burnout that exclusively focuses on exhaustion. Here we critically examine their reasons for developing a new burnout measure, as well as the theoretical foundations of this measure. Whereas we agree with Kristensen et al.'s remarks concerning the availability and ite…
Work-home interaction from a work psychological perspective: Development and validation of a new questionnaire, the SWING
This paper reports on the stepwise development of a new questionnaire for measuring work-home interaction, i.e. the Survey Work-home Interaction—NijmeGen, the SWING). Inspired by insights from work psychology, more specifically from Effort-Recovery Theory (Meijman & Mulder, 1998 Meijman, T. F. and Mulder, G. 1998. “Psychological aspects of workload”. In Handbook of work and organizational psychology, Edited by: Drenth, P. J., Thierry, H. and de W…
Job Control and Burnout across Occupations
Researchers have reported that, for individual workers, low job control is associated with high burnout; however, as yet it is unclear whether this association holds for occupations as well. Whether differences in job control between occupations as assessed by eight expert judges could account for individual-level and occupational-level differences in burnout rates. Data were obtained from 9,503 incumbents of 28 occupations in The Netherlands (M …
Job Control and Burnout Across Occupations
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Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies
Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) …
The Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Study on Job Seeking in the Netherlands
This study examined the cross-cultural generalizability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as applied to job seeking, by comparing samples of native Dutch and Turkish individuals in The Netherlands. Results support the equivalence of the measures used. Moreover, the TPB relationships are found to be comparable across the two samples. Contrary to the predictions, intentions of Turkish individuals are not affected more by subjective norms and …
When do job demands particularly predict burnout?: The moderating role of job resources
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on home care organization employees, and examine how the interaction between job demands (emotional demands, patient harassment, workload, and physical demands) and job resources (autonomy, social support, performance feedback, and opportunities for professional development) affect the core dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and cynicism). Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested with a cross…
Work engagement: An emerging concept in occupational health psychology
This position paper introduces the emerging concept of work engagement: a positive, fulfilling, affective-motivational state of work-related well-being that is characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption. Although there are different views of work engagement, most scholars agree that engaged employees have high levels of energy and identify strongly with their work. The most often used instrument to measure engagement is the Utrecht Work …
Psychology (49 works) · Social Psychology (42 works) · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior (24 works) · Workplace Health and Well-being (22 works) · Applied Psychology (18 works) · Clinical Psychology (17 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (14 works) · Burnout (11 works)