Eric K Soule
Biographic Data
| ID | 215153 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Eric K Soule |
| GIVEN NAMES | Eric K |
| FAMILY NAME | Soule |
| SIGNATURE | SOULE E K |
| AFFILIATIONS | East Carolina University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2740-5633 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
ZYN 10 Challenge’: Illegal marketing of nicotine pouches as smoking cessation aids
Digital Marketing Strategies Used to Promote Waterpipe Tobacco Among Retailers and Manufacturers
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco (WT) is unique compared to other tobacco products. Retailers and manufacturers may promote WT products using different marketing appeals and sales propositions on popular digital marketing media. This study examined WT digital marketing content in the United States (U.S.). METHODS: In 2020, a census of WT manufacturers that sold WT products in the U.S. was created and 33 WT manufacturers and 30 WT retailers across …
What is Social Justice? An Important Approach to Public Health Research, Practice, and Health Care Solutions
Translating Health Equity Research Findings Into Meaningful Community- and Systems-Level Change, Little Rock, Arkansas, 2022–2023
We identified strategies needed to translate research findings into systems-level change. In Little Rock, Arkansas, in 2022 and 2023, academic and community partners provided statements completing a prompt that related to strategies for translating research into practice to eliminate health disparities. Participants sorted the statements by theme and rated the statements on importance and feasibility. We identified six themes, and community engag…
Waterpipe Tobacco Brands and Flavors Sold Online in the USA
Introduction Flavor additives are commonly used in combustible tobacco products to mask harshness and increase appeal. However, research on the availability of flavored waterpipe tobacco (WT) is lacking, yet is important to support implementation of policies.Methods We completed a comprehensive online search in 2020 to identify WT brands and flavors sold online in the USA. We conducted a descriptive content analysis categorizing flavors as explic…
Using Concept Mapping to Identify Community Partners’ and Researchers’ Perceptions of Social Justice: A Path Toward Eliminating Chronic Disease Disparities
Background: A social justice framework can be used to inform healthy equity-focused research, and operationalizing social justice can inform strategic planning for research and practice models. This study aimed to develop a working definition of social justice based on input from a diverse group of collaborators to better inform the work conducted within the Center for Research, Health, and Social Justice. Methods: A concept mapping study was con…
Electronic Cigarette Users’ Reactions and Responses to a Hypothetical Nicotine Concentration Reduction in Electronic Cigarette Liquids
Background: Regulations limiting nicotine in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been proposed or implemented. Little is known about e-cigarette users’ reactions to reducing e-cigarette liquid nicotine concentration. Methods: We used concept mapping to describe e-cigarette users’ reactions to a 50% reduction in the nicotine concentration of their e-cigarette liquids. In 2019, current e-cigarette users who used e-cigarette liquid with greate…
Nicotine Dependence among Current Cigarette Smokers Who Use E-Cigarettes and Cannabis
BACKGROUND: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes are very common among young adults. However, it is unclear whether co-use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence than cigarette-only use. We investigated the relationship between cigarette/nicotine dependence and co-use of tobacco and cannabis among 4 groups of cigarette smokers aged 18-35: cigarette…
Reactions to a Hypothetical Menthol Cigarette Ban among Sexual- and Gender-Minoritized Communities: A Concept Mapping Study
Menthol cigarette use is disproportionately higher among sexual- and gender-minoritized (SGM; 36%) individuals compared to cisgender, heterosexual (29%), individuals. The FDA has announced intentions to ban menthol in cigarettes, citing these use and health disparities as partial motivation. This study identified potential outcomes of a menthol cigarette ban among SGM individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes (N = 72). Potential outcomes were iden…
Electronic cigarette use and cigarette smoking in vehicles among adults who use electronic cigarettes and cigarettes in the USA
Impact of Canada’s menthol cigarette ban on quitting among menthol smokers: Pooled analysis of pre–post evaluation from the ITC Project and the Ontario Menthol Ban Study and projections of impact in t…
This pooled analysis of Canada's menthol cigarette ban provides the foundation for estimating the impact of menthol bans in the USA and other countries. Projections suggest that a US menthol cigarette ban would have a substantial impact on increasing quitting
Electronic cigarette users’ reactions and responses to a hypothetical ban of flavoured electronic cigarette liquids
Some e-cigarette users may dislike an e-cigarette flavour ban; however, some e-cigarette users would likely be willing to use tobacco, menthol or unflavoured e-cigarette liquids with lower likelihood of quitting vaping or switching to other tobacco products
Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids
Electrical features, liquid composition and toxicant emissions from ‘pod-mod’-like disposable electronic cigarettes
Disposable e-cigarettes are designed with high nicotine concentration liquids and are capable of emitting much higher nicotine and carbonyl species relative to rechargeable look-alike e-cigarettes. These differences are likely due to the lower quality in construction, unreliable labelling and lack of temperature control regulation that limits the power during operation. From a public health perspective, regulating these devices is important to li…
Evidence of potential tobacco industry influence in Tobacco Regulatory Science
A May 2021 special issue1 of the American Journal of Health Behavior ( AJHB ) on JUUL consisted of 13 articles with 12 including authors who were employees of JUUL Labs; all articles reported at least one author with funding from the tobacco industry. JUUL is an electronic cigarette device that holds the greatest market share2 and is the most popular device among youth.3 The research reported in the issue was “designed to provide the US Food and …
Electronic cigarette use intensity measurement challenges and regulatory implications
Assessing tobacco use intensity allows researchers to examine tobacco use in greater detail than assessing ever or current use only. Tobacco use intensity measures have been developed that are specific to tobacco products, such as asking smokers to report number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, consensus on electronic cigarette use intensity measures that can be used for survey research has yet to be established due to electronic cigarette …
Taking Up a New Problem: Context and Determinants of Pod-Mod Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students
In this article, we explore the context and determinants of pod-mod electronic cigarette (ECIG) use among college students aged 18 to 24 in the United States. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 55 students ( M age = 20 years, 56% female, 65% White) on three campuses in the Northwest, Midwest, and Southeast. We performed a thematic analysis. Students described ECIG use by peers, increased ECIG exposure and prevalence in college, and scho…
Impacts of Covid-19 on Electronic Cigarette Purchasing, Use and Related Behaviors
Background : COVID-19 has caused health impacts and disruptions globally. Electronic cigarette (ECIG) users may face additional impacts. This study examined impacts of COVID-19 on ECIG users. Methods : Concept mapping, a mixed-methods approach, was used to identify COVID-19 impacts on adult ECIG users. ECIG users ( n = 93) provided statements completing a prompt: "A specific way Coronavirus/COVID-19 has affected my vaping/e-cigarette use, my vapi…
Acute effects of Juul and Iqos in cigarette smokers
Among smokers, JUUL and IQOS delivered less nicotine than cigarettes. Also, in this sample, IQOS and OB reduced abstinence symptoms more effectively than JUUL. Additional work with experienced JUUL and IQOS users is needed, as their nicotine delivery profiles and subjective experiences may differ
Open-System’ electronic cigarettes cannot be regulated effectively
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a class of products that use an electrically powered heating element to aerosolise a liquid for user inhalation. One subgroup of the class, ‘closed-system’ ECIGs, is sold ready-to-use and is constructed of component parts that cannot be modified readily and are filled with liquids that cannot be accessed easily. Another subgroup of the class, ‘open-system’ ECIGs, allows the user to modify virtually every componen…
Invalidity of an Oft-Cited Estimate of the Relative Harms of Electronic Cigarettes
Major online retailers selling electronic cigarettes as smoking cessation products in the USA
No electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) available in the USA have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be marketed for smoking cessation, and any such approvals would only apply to a specific product rather than e-cigarettes as a class of products. Accordingly, any marketing of e-cigarettes that explicitly or implicitly states that they are for cessation assistance (or any other medical purpose) would violate the Federal …
Ban on menthol-flavoured tobacco products predicts cigarette cessation at 1 year: A population cohort study
The study found higher rates of quitting among daily and occasional menthol smokers in Ontario 1 year after the implementation of a menthol ban compared with non-menthol smokers. Our findings suggest that restrictions on menthol may lead to substantial improvements in public health
Measuring waterpipe tobacco smoking in survey research
Waterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking remains a significant public health problem. However, few validated measures exist, presenting challenges for obtaining accurate prevalence estimates and making comparisons across studies. We identified items used to measure several WT smoking behaviours in eight US national surveys of youth and adults and two international studies, including the National Youth Tobacco Survey, National Adult Tobacco Survey, Populati…
Toxicant inhalation among singleton waterpipe tobacco users in natural settings
Background Studies that assess waterpipe tobacco smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure generally use controlled laboratory environments with small samples that may not fully capture real-world variability in human behaviour and waterpipe products. This study aimed to conduct real-time sampling of waterpipe tobacco use in natural environments using an in situ device. Methods We used the REALTIME sampling instrument: a validated, portable, self-p…
Evidence of emerging hookah use among university students: A cross-sectional comparison between hookah and cigarette use
As hookah surpasses cigarette use, efforts need to be made to slow the increase in new tobacco products that are attractive to young adults and that pose many of the same health risks as those related to traditional tobacco products. Prevalence of all emerging tobacco products, including hookah, and the relationship with cigarette use needs to be monitored on an ongoing basis
Hookah and Alcohol Use among Young Adult Hookah Smokers: A Mixed Methods Study
For some young adult hookah smokers, alcohol appears to enhance the hookah smoking experience and may play a role in hookah smoking initiation. Future research and interventions should address the association between hookah and alcohol use
Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting
PM 2.5 concentrations observed at the ECIG event were higher than concentrations reported previously in hookah cafés and bars that allow cigarette smoking. This study indicates that indoor ECIG use exposes non-users to secondhand ECIG aerosol. Regulatory bodies should consider establishing policies that prohibit ECIG use anywhere combustible cigarette use is prohibited
Implications and challenges for implementation of the FDA’s final deeming rule for waterpipe tobacco
For the first time, the Food and Drug Administration's (FDAs) Center for Tobacco Products now has regulatory authority over all tobacco products, including waterpipe tobacco. In the rule expanding its authority to cover all tobacco products, the FDA uses largely a one-size-fits-all approach. However, several aspects of waterpipe tobacco smoking make it unique from other tobacco products, which may require more specific, tailored rules. This paper…
Toxicant inhalation among singleton waterpipe tobacco users in natural settings
Background Studies that assess waterpipe tobacco smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure generally use controlled laboratory environments with small samples that may not fully capture real-world variability in human behaviour and waterpipe products. This study aimed to conduct real-time sampling of waterpipe tobacco use in natural environments using an in situ device. Methods We used the REALTIME sampling instrument: a validated, portable, self-p…
Electronic cigarette explosion and burn injuries, US Emergency Departments 2015–2017
There are more e-cigarette explosion and burn injuries in the USA than estimated in the past reports. Improved surveillance of e-cigarette injuries and regulation of e-cigarette devices is urgently needed. NEISS could be a valuable resource for e-cigarette injury surveillance
Major online retailers selling electronic cigarettes as smoking cessation products in the USA
No electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) available in the USA have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be marketed for smoking cessation, and any such approvals would only apply to a specific product rather than e-cigarettes as a class of products. Accordingly, any marketing of e-cigarettes that explicitly or implicitly states that they are for cessation assistance (or any other medical purpose) would violate the Federal …
Ban on menthol-flavoured tobacco products predicts cigarette cessation at 1 year: A population cohort study
The study found higher rates of quitting among daily and occasional menthol smokers in Ontario 1 year after the implementation of a menthol ban compared with non-menthol smokers. Our findings suggest that restrictions on menthol may lead to substantial improvements in public health
Measuring waterpipe tobacco smoking in survey research
Waterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking remains a significant public health problem. However, few validated measures exist, presenting challenges for obtaining accurate prevalence estimates and making comparisons across studies. We identified items used to measure several WT smoking behaviours in eight US national surveys of youth and adults and two international studies, including the National Youth Tobacco Survey, National Adult Tobacco Survey, Populati…
Impacts of Covid-19 on Electronic Cigarette Purchasing, Use and Related Behaviors
Background : COVID-19 has caused health impacts and disruptions globally. Electronic cigarette (ECIG) users may face additional impacts. This study examined impacts of COVID-19 on ECIG users. Methods : Concept mapping, a mixed-methods approach, was used to identify COVID-19 impacts on adult ECIG users. ECIG users ( n = 93) provided statements completing a prompt: "A specific way Coronavirus/COVID-19 has affected my vaping/e-cigarette use, my vapi…
Acute effects of Juul and Iqos in cigarette smokers
Among smokers, JUUL and IQOS delivered less nicotine than cigarettes. Also, in this sample, IQOS and OB reduced abstinence symptoms more effectively than JUUL. Additional work with experienced JUUL and IQOS users is needed, as their nicotine delivery profiles and subjective experiences may differ
Open-System’ electronic cigarettes cannot be regulated effectively
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a class of products that use an electrically powered heating element to aerosolise a liquid for user inhalation. One subgroup of the class, ‘closed-system’ ECIGs, is sold ready-to-use and is constructed of component parts that cannot be modified readily and are filled with liquids that cannot be accessed easily. Another subgroup of the class, ‘open-system’ ECIGs, allows the user to modify virtually every componen…
Invalidity of an Oft-Cited Estimate of the Relative Harms of Electronic Cigarettes
Electrical features, liquid composition and toxicant emissions from ‘pod-mod’-like disposable electronic cigarettes
Disposable e-cigarettes are designed with high nicotine concentration liquids and are capable of emitting much higher nicotine and carbonyl species relative to rechargeable look-alike e-cigarettes. These differences are likely due to the lower quality in construction, unreliable labelling and lack of temperature control regulation that limits the power during operation. From a public health perspective, regulating these devices is important to li…
Evidence of potential tobacco industry influence in Tobacco Regulatory Science
A May 2021 special issue1 of the American Journal of Health Behavior ( AJHB ) on JUUL consisted of 13 articles with 12 including authors who were employees of JUUL Labs; all articles reported at least one author with funding from the tobacco industry. JUUL is an electronic cigarette device that holds the greatest market share2 and is the most popular device among youth.3 The research reported in the issue was “designed to provide the US Food and …
Electronic cigarette use intensity measurement challenges and regulatory implications
Assessing tobacco use intensity allows researchers to examine tobacco use in greater detail than assessing ever or current use only. Tobacco use intensity measures have been developed that are specific to tobacco products, such as asking smokers to report number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, consensus on electronic cigarette use intensity measures that can be used for survey research has yet to be established due to electronic cigarette …
Taking Up a New Problem: Context and Determinants of Pod-Mod Electronic Cigarette Use Among College Students
In this article, we explore the context and determinants of pod-mod electronic cigarette (ECIG) use among college students aged 18 to 24 in the United States. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 55 students ( M age = 20 years, 56% female, 65% White) on three campuses in the Northwest, Midwest, and Southeast. We performed a thematic analysis. Students described ECIG use by peers, increased ECIG exposure and prevalence in college, and scho…
Impact of Canada’s menthol cigarette ban on quitting among menthol smokers: Pooled analysis of pre–post evaluation from the ITC Project and the Ontario Menthol Ban Study and projections of impact in t…
This pooled analysis of Canada's menthol cigarette ban provides the foundation for estimating the impact of menthol bans in the USA and other countries. Projections suggest that a US menthol cigarette ban would have a substantial impact on increasing quitting
Electronic cigarette users’ reactions and responses to a hypothetical ban of flavoured electronic cigarette liquids
Some e-cigarette users may dislike an e-cigarette flavour ban; however, some e-cigarette users would likely be willing to use tobacco, menthol or unflavoured e-cigarette liquids with lower likelihood of quitting vaping or switching to other tobacco products
Assessing toxicant emissions from e-liquids with DIY additives used in response to a potential flavour ban in e-cigarettes
This study showed that DIY additives can impact aerosol toxicant emissions from e-cigarettes and should be considered by policymakers when restricting commercially available flavoured e-liquids
Electronic Cigarette Users’ Reactions and Responses to a Hypothetical Nicotine Concentration Reduction in Electronic Cigarette Liquids
Background: Regulations limiting nicotine in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been proposed or implemented. Little is known about e-cigarette users’ reactions to reducing e-cigarette liquid nicotine concentration. Methods: We used concept mapping to describe e-cigarette users’ reactions to a 50% reduction in the nicotine concentration of their e-cigarette liquids. In 2019, current e-cigarette users who used e-cigarette liquid with greate…
Nicotine Dependence among Current Cigarette Smokers Who Use E-Cigarettes and Cannabis
BACKGROUND: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes are very common among young adults. However, it is unclear whether co-use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence than cigarette-only use. We investigated the relationship between cigarette/nicotine dependence and co-use of tobacco and cannabis among 4 groups of cigarette smokers aged 18-35: cigarette…
Reactions to a Hypothetical Menthol Cigarette Ban among Sexual- and Gender-Minoritized Communities: A Concept Mapping Study
Menthol cigarette use is disproportionately higher among sexual- and gender-minoritized (SGM; 36%) individuals compared to cisgender, heterosexual (29%), individuals. The FDA has announced intentions to ban menthol in cigarettes, citing these use and health disparities as partial motivation. This study identified potential outcomes of a menthol cigarette ban among SGM individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes (N = 72). Potential outcomes were iden…
Electronic cigarette use and cigarette smoking in vehicles among adults who use electronic cigarettes and cigarettes in the USA
Waterpipe Tobacco Brands and Flavors Sold Online in the USA
Introduction Flavor additives are commonly used in combustible tobacco products to mask harshness and increase appeal. However, research on the availability of flavored waterpipe tobacco (WT) is lacking, yet is important to support implementation of policies.Methods We completed a comprehensive online search in 2020 to identify WT brands and flavors sold online in the USA. We conducted a descriptive content analysis categorizing flavors as explic…
Medicine (26 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (24 works) · Environmental health (18 works) · Electronic cigarette (13 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Business (9 works) · Chemistry (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Advertising (6 works) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (6 works)