Bulent Gokay
Biographic Data
| ID | 2169991 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bulent Gokay |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bulent |
| FAMILY NAME | Gokay |
| SIGNATURE | GOKAY B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Keele University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3896-3382 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
China’s global infrastructure strategy, the renminbi and the move to a multipolar world in the context of the pivot to Africa
Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has expanded to 150 countries, with a cumulative value of approximately US$1.4 trillion, and has evolved into a key component of China’s international monetary strategy. This briefing examines how BRI investments enhance trade invoicing in renminbi (RMB) and create liquidity dependence through the People’s Bank of China’s swap network. Using 2025 data, it notes a shift from energy investments towards…
Turkey: Swinging Pendulum Away from the European Union, 2005-2022
The past 22 years in Turkey can be divided into two sub-periods: during the 2002–10 period, the first AKP era, the party was broadly positioned as a moderate Islamist party with a clear intent to revive the failing economy of the country. The Turkish economy, in terms of mainstream standard criteria used by international organizations like the IMF, improved significantly during this period, in particular until the global financial crisis of 2008,…
Elections in Turkey within Global Context: Right Wing Populism in the Era of Global Shift
Many observers predicted that the catastrophic earthquake of February 2023 and huge and unprecedent problems of high inflation and cost of living crisis would end Erdogan era and his credibility in Turkey. However, despite all ongoing deep problems, Erdogan and his AKP government, after more than 20 years in power, still managed to win the 2023 elections in the second round. It seems none of the serious economic and political problems were enough…
From silence to ‘strategic advancement’: Institutional responses to ‘decolonising’ in higher education in England
Amid the rising calls for a ‘decolonised curriculum’, scholars and activists have outlined what needs to be done to ‘decolonise the university’. Yet in practice, those involved in decolonising work often face considerable backlash and institutional resistance. Drawing on empirical research with students and staff across nine universities in England, this paper sets out to capture the contested terrain of ‘decolonising the university’. We draw on …
Turkish Neutrality in the Second World War and Relations with the Soviet Union
According to official Turkish and Western historiography, following the key victories against the German forces, Soviet leadership changed its position and started putting pressure on Turkey. Accordingly, the Soviet–Turkish relations changed significantly from being considered friendly until March 1945, when Molotov initiated his note denouncing the 1925 Treaty of Friendship with Turkey and demanded a base in the Straits area and the return of Ka…
Special Issue: Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean and Covid-19
In this discussion with Vassilis K. Fouskas and Bülent Gökay, Biljana Vankovska explores the complexities of the crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean centred around the issue of refugees/migrants/asylum seekers. Fouskas argues that the Turkish government has weaponized the refugees in a hybrid warfare against a hypocritical Europe and NATO, with Russia being the real winner in Syria and elsewhere in the Middle East. Further, he believes that Europ…
Lenin’s ‘Eastern Policy’ and Communism in Turkey and Greece, 1918-1923
Examining Lenin’s strategy towards colonial and semi-colonial periphery is crucial in understanding the way in which early Soviet policy was shaped and implemented towards the crucial conflict in Anatolia between Greece—Britain’s proxy—and Turkish national resistance movement based in Ankara. We show that, Soviet state interests kept a firm hand on—albeit in different ways—the development of communism both in Greece and Turkey and, for most of th…
‘Whiter than White’: Race and Otherness in Turkish and Greek National Identities
Despite the fact that living together in the same geographical space has created many similarities for Turkey and Greece over the centuries, both sides are keen to identify, even exaggerate, the differences between them and other ‘inferiors’. This article looks at the role of cultural and ‘scientific’ racism(s) in the formation of Turkish and Greek national identities. Both Turkish and Greek identities have been built on European-ness at the same…
Identity, Race and Nationalism in Turkey—Introduction to the Special Issue
Social media may have the double potential to support and undermine mental health, and research is needed to investigate these relationships in age-specified populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between the use of social media and psychological distress among older adults (60 years and above) both nine and 19 months after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online repeated cross-sectional survey was conduct…
Eastern Europe since 1970: Decline of Socialism to Post-Communist Transition
From the hardening grip of Soviet domination under Brezhnev to the collapse of communism and its aftermath, Bulent Gokay provides the essential introduction to Eastern Europe in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 spelt the end of reformist communism and the tightening of Soviet control throughout Eastern Europe. In spite of this, several countries within the Soviet Bloc managed to retain varyi…
Entendendo o sentido dos protestos na Turquia (e no Brasil): "A contestação do urbanismo neoliberal nas "Cidades Rebeldes
The article is organised in five parts: first, we offer a brief overview of the protests and the concept of the ‘right to the city’; second, we discuss arguments about the role of democracy and representation, and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s authoritarian leadership style in relation to the cause of the protests; third, we put forward our case for comparing the protests with those which occurred in similarly rising economies, na…
Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion
This collection examines the escalation of the Kosovo conflict to a full-scale war. It looks at its origins, background and the implications of the conflict: the myths, history and perceptions of the post-1989 crisis and the situation after the start of NATOs 1999 bombing campaign
The global financial crisis and its impact on the Balkans and the Near/Middle East
The last months of 2008 witnessed what is being called the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929–30. The collapse of financial markets was soon being matched up by the decline o
Lineages of the 2008–10 global economic crisis: Exposing shifts in the world economic order
Tectonic Shifts and Systemic Faultlines: The Global Economic Crisis
At the conclusion of his widely popular study of the global political economy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, English-born and Oxford-trained Yale historian Paul Kennedy observed, “The task
Unholy Alliance: Muslims and Communists – An Introduction
With the victory of the Bolsheviks in October 1917 strategic choices had to be made. Many of the pre-revolutionary Muslim reformers, the Jadids, endeavoured to work within the Soviet system. This was made possible by the moderate policies pursued by the Bolsheviks. They also called on Muslims to engage in a ‘holy war’ against Western imperialism. The 1920s were the heyday of co-operation between the two sides. In Indonesia the revolts of 1926 wer…
The New American Imperialism: Bush’s War on Terror and Blood for Oil
With the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States’ long war on communism was replaced by a perpetual war on terror. The authors posit that this neo-imperialistic phase is but the latest development in a line of thought and action established after World War II. But, they say, 2005 is not 1945. Today, they argue, the United States uses its power to deplete the resources of the developing world, and to compel the rest of the world…
Turkey after Copenhagen: Walking a Tightrope
2003). Turkey after Copenhagen: walking a tightrope. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 147-163
Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan
2002). Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 5-13
The Politics of Caspian Oil
A Clash of Empires: Turkey between Russian Bolshevism and British Imperialism, 1918-1923
The battle for Baku (May‐September 1918): A peculiar episode in the history of the caucasus
The city of Baku and surrounding area is one of the best-known oil regions in the world. Exploitation by collection from springs and shallow pits was well noticed in the earliest historical records. A considerable commerce was carried on in the area, supplying oil for cooking and medicinal purposes. During the nineteenth century, the Tsarist government envisioned the modem petroleum industry when it drilled a well for oil at what is now the giant…
Turkish settlement and the Caucasus, 1918–20
Apres la premiere guerre mondiale l'armistice avec la Turquie ouvrait les portes non seulement aux terres turques de l'Anatolie et de la Thrace mais aussi des terres du Caucase du Nord-Est ou les Britanniques exercerent un controle militaire. Mais une rivalite entre les membres de l'Entente (Grece, Italie) et le manque d'unite dans le gouvernement britannique affaiblirent la position d'un peuplement a long terme. Mustafa Kemal organisa la resista…
Chechens make fearsome enemies historical background of Russia's age‐long fight in Chechnia
(1995). Chechens make fearsome enemies historical background of Russia's age‐long fight in Chechnia. Cambridge Review of International Affairs: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 80-88
The Turkish communist party: The fate of the founders
(1993). The Turkish communist party: the fate of the founders. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 220-235
The battle for Baku (May‐September 1918): A peculiar episode in the history of the caucasus
The city of Baku and surrounding area is one of the best-known oil regions in the world. Exploitation by collection from springs and shallow pits was well noticed in the earliest historical records. A considerable commerce was carried on in the area, supplying oil for cooking and medicinal purposes. During the nineteenth century, the Tsarist government envisioned the modem petroleum industry when it drilled a well for oil at what is now the giant…
Unholy Alliance: Muslims and Communists – An Introduction
With the victory of the Bolsheviks in October 1917 strategic choices had to be made. Many of the pre-revolutionary Muslim reformers, the Jadids, endeavoured to work within the Soviet system. This was made possible by the moderate policies pursued by the Bolsheviks. They also called on Muslims to engage in a ‘holy war’ against Western imperialism. The 1920s were the heyday of co-operation between the two sides. In Indonesia the revolts of 1926 wer…
Turkish settlement and the Caucasus, 1918–20
Apres la premiere guerre mondiale l'armistice avec la Turquie ouvrait les portes non seulement aux terres turques de l'Anatolie et de la Thrace mais aussi des terres du Caucase du Nord-Est ou les Britanniques exercerent un controle militaire. Mais une rivalite entre les membres de l'Entente (Grece, Italie) et le manque d'unite dans le gouvernement britannique affaiblirent la position d'un peuplement a long terme. Mustafa Kemal organisa la resista…
The Turkish communist party: The fate of the founders
(1993). The Turkish communist party: the fate of the founders. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 220-235
Entendendo o sentido dos protestos na Turquia (e no Brasil): "A contestação do urbanismo neoliberal nas "Cidades Rebeldes
The article is organised in five parts: first, we offer a brief overview of the protests and the concept of the ‘right to the city’; second, we discuss arguments about the role of democracy and representation, and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s authoritarian leadership style in relation to the cause of the protests; third, we put forward our case for comparing the protests with those which occurred in similarly rising economies, na…
Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan
2002). Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 5-13
Kinross on Ataturk: A note
Turkish Historical Society's four‐volume Tarih (History) published in 1932–33
Faith in History
Journal Article FAITH IN HISTORY Get access BULENT GOKAY BULENT GOKAY Wolfson CollegeCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar History Workshop Journal, Volume 31, Issue 1, SPRING 1991, Pages 231–232, https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/31.1.231 Published: 01 March 1991
The Spectre of Pan‐Turcik and Pan‐Islamic Fundamentalism in the Post‐Soviet‐Union Era
(1992). The Spectre of Pan‐Turcik and Pan‐Islamic Fundamentalism in the Post‐Soviet‐Union Era. Cambridge Review of International Affairs: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 41-51
Historiography of the Post-War Turkish Settlement
The end of the First World War marked the complete disintegration of the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire. This disintegration was followed by a powerful surge of various nationalistic currents on the one hand, and an international power struggle for the control of the region on the other. The 1918-1923 period, therefore, represents a crucial phase, for not only were the overall forms of the international power relations in the area defined during the…
The Turkish communist party: The fate of the founders
(1993). The Turkish communist party: the fate of the founders. Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 220-235
Chechens make fearsome enemies historical background of Russia's age‐long fight in Chechnia
(1995). Chechens make fearsome enemies historical background of Russia's age‐long fight in Chechnia. Cambridge Review of International Affairs: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 80-88
Turkish settlement and the Caucasus, 1918–20
Apres la premiere guerre mondiale l'armistice avec la Turquie ouvrait les portes non seulement aux terres turques de l'Anatolie et de la Thrace mais aussi des terres du Caucase du Nord-Est ou les Britanniques exercerent un controle militaire. Mais une rivalite entre les membres de l'Entente (Grece, Italie) et le manque d'unite dans le gouvernement britannique affaiblirent la position d'un peuplement a long terme. Mustafa Kemal organisa la resista…
A Clash of Empires: Turkey between Russian Bolshevism and British Imperialism, 1918-1923
The battle for Baku (May‐September 1918): A peculiar episode in the history of the caucasus
The city of Baku and surrounding area is one of the best-known oil regions in the world. Exploitation by collection from springs and shallow pits was well noticed in the earliest historical records. A considerable commerce was carried on in the area, supplying oil for cooking and medicinal purposes. During the nineteenth century, the Tsarist government envisioned the modem petroleum industry when it drilled a well for oil at what is now the giant…
The Politics of Caspian Oil
Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan
2002). Oil, war and geopolitics from Kosovo to Afghanistan. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 5-13
Turkey after Copenhagen: Walking a Tightrope
2003). Turkey after Copenhagen: walking a tightrope. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 147-163
The New American Imperialism: Bush’s War on Terror and Blood for Oil
With the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States’ long war on communism was replaced by a perpetual war on terror. The authors posit that this neo-imperialistic phase is but the latest development in a line of thought and action established after World War II. But, they say, 2005 is not 1945. Today, they argue, the United States uses its power to deplete the resources of the developing world, and to compel the rest of the world…
Unholy Alliance: Muslims and Communists – An Introduction
With the victory of the Bolsheviks in October 1917 strategic choices had to be made. Many of the pre-revolutionary Muslim reformers, the Jadids, endeavoured to work within the Soviet system. This was made possible by the moderate policies pursued by the Bolsheviks. They also called on Muslims to engage in a ‘holy war’ against Western imperialism. The 1920s were the heyday of co-operation between the two sides. In Indonesia the revolts of 1926 wer…
The global financial crisis and its impact on the Balkans and the Near/Middle East
The last months of 2008 witnessed what is being called the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929–30. The collapse of financial markets was soon being matched up by the decline o
Lineages of the 2008–10 global economic crisis: Exposing shifts in the world economic order
Tectonic Shifts and Systemic Faultlines: The Global Economic Crisis
At the conclusion of his widely popular study of the global political economy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, English-born and Oxford-trained Yale historian Paul Kennedy observed, “The task
Kosovo: The Politics of Delusion
This collection examines the escalation of the Kosovo conflict to a full-scale war. It looks at its origins, background and the implications of the conflict: the myths, history and perceptions of the post-1989 crisis and the situation after the start of NATOs 1999 bombing campaign
Eastern Europe since 1970: Decline of Socialism to Post-Communist Transition
From the hardening grip of Soviet domination under Brezhnev to the collapse of communism and its aftermath, Bulent Gokay provides the essential introduction to Eastern Europe in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 spelt the end of reformist communism and the tightening of Soviet control throughout Eastern Europe. In spite of this, several countries within the Soviet Bloc managed to retain varyi…
Entendendo o sentido dos protestos na Turquia (e no Brasil): "A contestação do urbanismo neoliberal nas "Cidades Rebeldes
The article is organised in five parts: first, we offer a brief overview of the protests and the concept of the ‘right to the city’; second, we discuss arguments about the role of democracy and representation, and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s authoritarian leadership style in relation to the cause of the protests; third, we put forward our case for comparing the protests with those which occurred in similarly rising economies, na…
‘Whiter than White’: Race and Otherness in Turkish and Greek National Identities
Despite the fact that living together in the same geographical space has created many similarities for Turkey and Greece over the centuries, both sides are keen to identify, even exaggerate, the differences between them and other ‘inferiors’. This article looks at the role of cultural and ‘scientific’ racism(s) in the formation of Turkish and Greek national identities. Both Turkish and Greek identities have been built on European-ness at the same…
Identity, Race and Nationalism in Turkey—Introduction to the Special Issue
Social media may have the double potential to support and undermine mental health, and research is needed to investigate these relationships in age-specified populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between the use of social media and psychological distress among older adults (60 years and above) both nine and 19 months after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online repeated cross-sectional survey was conduct…
Special Issue: Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean and Covid-19
In this discussion with Vassilis K. Fouskas and Bülent Gökay, Biljana Vankovska explores the complexities of the crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean centred around the issue of refugees/migrants/asylum seekers. Fouskas argues that the Turkish government has weaponized the refugees in a hybrid warfare against a hypocritical Europe and NATO, with Russia being the real winner in Syria and elsewhere in the Middle East. Further, he believes that Europ…
Lenin’s ‘Eastern Policy’ and Communism in Turkey and Greece, 1918-1923
Examining Lenin’s strategy towards colonial and semi-colonial periphery is crucial in understanding the way in which early Soviet policy was shaped and implemented towards the crucial conflict in Anatolia between Greece—Britain’s proxy—and Turkish national resistance movement based in Ankara. We show that, Soviet state interests kept a firm hand on—albeit in different ways—the development of communism both in Greece and Turkey and, for most of th…
From silence to ‘strategic advancement’: Institutional responses to ‘decolonising’ in higher education in England
Amid the rising calls for a ‘decolonised curriculum’, scholars and activists have outlined what needs to be done to ‘decolonise the university’. Yet in practice, those involved in decolonising work often face considerable backlash and institutional resistance. Drawing on empirical research with students and staff across nine universities in England, this paper sets out to capture the contested terrain of ‘decolonising the university’. We draw on …
Political science (26 works) · History (18 works) · Law (18 works) · Politics (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Economic history (12 works) · Economics (10 works) · History (10 works) · Philosophy (9 works) · Turkey's Politics and Society (9 works)