Mike C Parent
Biographic Data
| ID | 223163 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mike C Parent |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mike C |
| FAMILY NAME | Parent |
| SIGNATURE | PARENT M C |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3895-5649 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 519 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Traumatic life events, everyday discrimination, and posttraumatic symptoms among sexual minority men
Study results provide support for a link between everyday discrimination and PTS at levels exceeding clinical cutoffs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Perceptions from the public on farmworker contributions to the U.S. economy and attitudes toward farmworkers
The present study highlights awareness of the importance of farmworkers to our economy in relation to attitudes toward farmworkers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Citation network analysis of minority stress scholarship: Past, present, and potential directions
Masculinity contingency and consumer attitudes toward electric vehicles
Masculinity contingency and intimate partner violence perpetration among men who have sex with men
Psychology of Women Quarterly: Citation Network Analysis of Its Landscape and Evolution
Psychology of Women Quarterly (PWQ) is a leading outlet for feminist psychology research. To elucidate the interrelations of PWQ publications over time, we conducted a citation network analysis of its 2,747 articles and 4,517 citation links. Of the 16 citation clusters that emerged, many echoed key elements of PWQ 's scope. These included Cluster 1: feminist consciousness and sexism; Cluster 2: body image and objectification; Cluster 3: feminist …
Competition or Community? The Backstage Experience of Men in Bodybuilding Competitions
Variance composition, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in nonclinical samples
The present study extended prior work on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). The TAS-20 total scale score is commonly used in research in the psychology of men and masculinities and in clinical practice, but most published confirmatory factor analyses (CFA's) do not support this use. Using a sample of 913 men and women, variance composition was assessed, and model-based dimensionality and reliability coefficients were calculated, finding e…
Heterosexual Self-Presentation, Identity Management, and Sexual Functioning Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Parasocial relationships and depression among LGBQ emerging adults living with their parents during Covid-19: The potential for online support
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth continue to be disproportionately at risk for depression. During COVID-19 social distancing, LGBQ youth who live with family may be more consistently exposed to potentially discriminatory family situations, and may receive reduced community and mental health support. However, the Internet offers opportunities to interact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities by watch…
Psychosocial barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake: The roles of heterosexual self-presentation, sexual risk, and perceived peer prep use
Several challenges have emerged in ensuring uptake of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. By applying the health belief model, the present study assessed associations between novel psychosocial variables and PrEP use among gay and bisexual men. Logistic regression analyses indicated that heterosexual self-presentation, sexual risk, PrEP conspiracy beliefs, and perceived peer PrEP use were positively associated with PrEP use. Greate…
Mapping the Travels of Intersectionality Scholarship: A Citation Network Analysis
In this study, we conducted a citation network analysis of intersectionality scholarship. We aimed to elucidate content domains in this scholarship's citation network. In addition, we explored a citation-based genealogy of this scholarship, attending to the representation of women of color identified in prior critical analyses of intersectionality scholarship as key but under-acknowledged contributors to intersectional thought and praxis. We used…
Partners and prejudice: Bisexual partner gender and experiences of binegativity from heterosexual, lesbian, and gay people
Bisexual individuals may experience pervasive binegativity originating from both heterosexual and lesbian/gay (L/G) individuals as a result of various psychosocial and relational factors. The present study aimed to explore how partner gender is particularly associated with experiences of binegativity from heterosexual and L/G persons and to examine how such experiences are related to internalized binegativity. A total of 350 self-identified cisge…
The physical health of men and boys: Integrating biomedical and psychological science
Rigid adherence to traditional male norms has been found to be associated with many health outcomes. This special issue aims to bring together biomedical and psychological researchers as a means to generate interest in integrating scientific approaches so as to advance the health of men and boys. In this guest editorial, the authors first provide a brief review of some key biological factors that contribute to sex differences in health. The edito…
Adonis on the apps: Online objectification, self-esteem, and sexual minority men
The recent proliferation of mobile dating applications ("apps") has led to profound shifts in the ways sexual minority men (SMM) connect with others and themselves (Anderson, Holland, Koc, & Haslam, 2018). These apps, which often categorize users by factors such as body build, may promote sexual harassment and objectification (Griffiths, Murray, Krug, & McLean, 2018), potentially compounding already disproportionate body image concerns among this…
An Inductive Analysis of Young Adults’ Conceptions of Femininity and Masculinity and Comparison to Established Gender Inventories
An Inhospitable World: Exploring a Model of Objectification Theory With Trans Women
In this study, we investigated key tenets of objectification theory, a prominent model of body image disturbance, as it relates to trans women's disordered eating and intention to obtain silicone injections-a specific health risk for this population. We also incorporated appearance congruence, or the degree to which an individual personally feels that their gender expression matches their gender identity, into the objectification theory model. Re…
Precursors to heterophobia: An examination of temporal sequence among a sample of gay men
Heterophobia, defined as gay men's fear and avoidance of heterosexual men, has been linked to behavioral health outcomes and could contribute to social disconnectedness and intergroup conflict. The Gay Male Heterophobia Scale assesses 3 meaningful aspects of gay male heterophobia: disconnectedness, expected rejection, and unease/avoidance. The current study sought to assess the development of heterophobia among gay men over 2 weeks using a longit…
Development of the Gay Male Heterophobia Scale
The current study presents the initial validation of a new 20-item measure of heterophobia, a construct frequently discussed but inadequately researched in the literature on gay men's lives. This process included initial focus groups, exploratory and confirmatory national samples of gay men. The sample included measures of homophobia, rejection sensitivity, discrimination history, gay identity development, and social desirability to address conve…
Social media behavior, toxic masculinity, and depression
Social media/social networks (SM/SNs), while ubiquitous in their use, have not been well integrated into psychological theory or practice. Most research addressing SM/SNs has examined frequency and modality of SM/SN use, rather than the valence of online interactions or potential mental health consequences of use. Further, SM/SN use has also not been well integrated with relevant paradigms from the psychology of men and masculinities paradigms. T…
The Strong, Silent Type(ology): Examining Intersections of Alexithymia and the Drive for Muscularity
This study used latent profile analysis to explore the interrelations of drive for muscularity (DM) and alexithymia among 505 men. Four unique classes of men emerged: (1) low endorsement of DM and alexithymia, (2) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and DM, (3) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and high endorsement of attitudinal and behavioral DM, and (4) high endorsement of DM attitudes and alexithymia, and low endorsement of DM behaviors. We…
The Co-Occurrence of Asexuality and Self-Reported Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis and Sexual Trauma Within the Past 12 Months Among U.S. College Students
Is Minority Stress in the Eye of the Beholder? A Test of Minority Stress Theory with Christians
Sexual orientation, bullying for being labeled gay or bisexual, and steroid use among US adolescent boys
Use of anabolic-androgenic steroids is a public health concern for adolescent boys. This study examined bullying based on being labeled gay/bisexual and steroid use among US adolescent boys, including sexual orientation disparities. Data from 2660 boys from the 2015 Youth Behavior Risk Survey were used. Among heterosexual boys, steroid use was higher among those who reported being bullied due to being labeled gay or bisexual. No such relationship…
To be (healthy) or not to be: Moderated mediation of the relationships between masculine norms, future orientation, family income, and college men’s healthful behaviors
Handling Item-Level Missing Data: Simpler Is Just as Good
The topic of missing data has been receiving increasing attention, with calls to apply advanced methods of handling missingness to counseling psychology research. The present study sought to assess whether advanced methods of handling item-level missing data performed equivalently to simpler methods in designs similar to those counseling psychologists typically engage in. Results of an initial preliminary analysis, an analysis using real-world da…
Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46
An abbreviated tool for assessing conformity to masculine norms: Psychometric properties of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46
The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory – 46 (Parent & Moradi, 2009) is a useful tool with which to assess masculine gender role conformity. The CMNI-46 retained and built on the psychometric strengths of the original CMNI (Mahalik et al., 2003) while offering greater efficiency at approximately half of the length of the original measure. The present study offers additional examination of the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the…
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory and Development of an Abbreviated Version: The CFNI-45
The present study undertakes the first factor analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI) conducted since the instrument's development. Confirmatory factor analysis using data from 243 women offered mixed support for the original 84-item CFNI structure and pointed to ways to modify the structure and reduce the length of the measure; these modifications resulted in the nine-factor CFNI-45. The CFNI-45 demonstrates superior data-m…
Clinical considerations in etiology, assessment, and treatment of men's muscularity-focused body image disturbance
Social media behavior, toxic masculinity, and depression
Social media/social networks (SM/SNs), while ubiquitous in their use, have not been well integrated into psychological theory or practice. Most research addressing SM/SNs has examined frequency and modality of SM/SN use, rather than the valence of online interactions or potential mental health consequences of use. Further, SM/SN use has also not been well integrated with relevant paradigms from the psychology of men and masculinities paradigms. T…
Does exposure to muscularity-idealizing images have self-objectification consequences for heterosexual and sexual minority men
Although there is a substantial body of research on the effects of body objectification in women, there is a paucity of research on this topic in men. In the limited objectification theory research with men, experimental designs that test causal effects of objectification exposure are underemployed. Furthermore, in this research, muscularity-idealizing exposure, which may be particularly salient for men, and the potential role of sexual minority …
Metric invariance of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 among women and men
Theorists have long observed that individuals can demonstrate both masculinity and femininity. However, measures of gender norm conformity are often developed with single-gender samples. This has lead to an absence of information regarding the psychometric properties of conformity to masculine norms among women. To facilitate the study of masculinity-related constructs across gender, the present study investigated measurement invariance of the fa…
Evidence of construct distinctiveness for conformity to masculine norms
An Inhospitable World: Exploring a Model of Objectification Theory With Trans Women
In this study, we investigated key tenets of objectification theory, a prominent model of body image disturbance, as it relates to trans women's disordered eating and intention to obtain silicone injections-a specific health risk for this population. We also incorporated appearance congruence, or the degree to which an individual personally feels that their gender expression matches their gender identity, into the objectification theory model. Re…
The Co-Occurrence of Asexuality and Self-Reported Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis and Sexual Trauma Within the Past 12 Months Among U.S. College Students
A content analysis of LGBT-themed positive psychology articles
Parasocial relationships and depression among LGBQ emerging adults living with their parents during Covid-19: The potential for online support
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth continue to be disproportionately at risk for depression. During COVID-19 social distancing, LGBQ youth who live with family may be more consistently exposed to potentially discriminatory family situations, and may receive reduced community and mental health support. However, the Internet offers opportunities to interact with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities by watch…
Adonis on the apps: Online objectification, self-esteem, and sexual minority men
The recent proliferation of mobile dating applications ("apps") has led to profound shifts in the ways sexual minority men (SMM) connect with others and themselves (Anderson, Holland, Koc, & Haslam, 2018). These apps, which often categorize users by factors such as body build, may promote sexual harassment and objectification (Griffiths, Murray, Krug, & McLean, 2018), potentially compounding already disproportionate body image concerns among this…
Risky business: Precarious manhood and investment portfolio decisions
I want your sex: The role of sexual exploration in fostering positive sexual self-concepts for heterosexual and sexual minority women
Openness and self-exploration have been associated with myriad benefits. Within the realm of sexuality, sexual exploration may be 1 facet of openness and self-exploration that yields benefits. Prior literature suggests that such exploration may have benefits for sexual orientation minority persons, though limited research has investigated the benefits of sexual exploration for heterosexuals. The present study used data from 346 adult women (185 e…
Homohysteria: A Commentary and Critique
Mapping the Travels of Intersectionality Scholarship: A Citation Network Analysis
In this study, we conducted a citation network analysis of intersectionality scholarship. We aimed to elucidate content domains in this scholarship's citation network. In addition, we explored a citation-based genealogy of this scholarship, attending to the representation of women of color identified in prior critical analyses of intersectionality scholarship as key but under-acknowledged contributors to intersectional thought and praxis. We used…
Is Minority Stress in the Eye of the Beholder? A Test of Minority Stress Theory with Christians
Masculinity contingency and intimate partner violence perpetration among men who have sex with men
Partners and prejudice: Bisexual partner gender and experiences of binegativity from heterosexual, lesbian, and gay people
Bisexual individuals may experience pervasive binegativity originating from both heterosexual and lesbian/gay (L/G) individuals as a result of various psychosocial and relational factors. The present study aimed to explore how partner gender is particularly associated with experiences of binegativity from heterosexual and L/G persons and to examine how such experiences are related to internalized binegativity. A total of 350 self-identified cisge…
An Inductive Analysis of Young Adults’ Conceptions of Femininity and Masculinity and Comparison to Established Gender Inventories
The Strong, Silent Type(ology): Examining Intersections of Alexithymia and the Drive for Muscularity
This study used latent profile analysis to explore the interrelations of drive for muscularity (DM) and alexithymia among 505 men. Four unique classes of men emerged: (1) low endorsement of DM and alexithymia, (2) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and DM, (3) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and high endorsement of attitudinal and behavioral DM, and (4) high endorsement of DM attitudes and alexithymia, and low endorsement of DM behaviors. We…
Sexual orientation, bullying for being labeled gay or bisexual, and steroid use among US adolescent boys
Use of anabolic-androgenic steroids is a public health concern for adolescent boys. This study examined bullying based on being labeled gay/bisexual and steroid use among US adolescent boys, including sexual orientation disparities. Data from 2660 boys from the 2015 Youth Behavior Risk Survey were used. Among heterosexual boys, steroid use was higher among those who reported being bullied due to being labeled gay or bisexual. No such relationship…
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory and Development of an Abbreviated Version: The CFNI-45
The present study undertakes the first factor analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI) conducted since the instrument's development. Confirmatory factor analysis using data from 243 women offered mixed support for the original 84-item CFNI structure and pointed to ways to modify the structure and reduce the length of the measure; these modifications resulted in the nine-factor CFNI-45. The CFNI-45 demonstrates superior data-m…
Evidence of construct distinctiveness for conformity to masculine norms
Clinical considerations in etiology, assessment, and treatment of men's muscularity-focused body image disturbance
An abbreviated tool for assessing conformity to masculine norms: Psychometric properties of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46
The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory – 46 (Parent & Moradi, 2009) is a useful tool with which to assess masculine gender role conformity. The CMNI-46 retained and built on the psychometric strengths of the original CMNI (Mahalik et al., 2003) while offering greater efficiency at approximately half of the length of the original measure. The present study offers additional examination of the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the…
Metric invariance of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 among women and men
Theorists have long observed that individuals can demonstrate both masculinity and femininity. However, measures of gender norm conformity are often developed with single-gender samples. This has lead to an absence of information regarding the psychometric properties of conformity to masculine norms among women. To facilitate the study of masculinity-related constructs across gender, the present study investigated measurement invariance of the fa…
Does exposure to muscularity-idealizing images have self-objectification consequences for heterosexual and sexual minority men
Although there is a substantial body of research on the effects of body objectification in women, there is a paucity of research on this topic in men. In the limited objectification theory research with men, experimental designs that test causal effects of objectification exposure are underemployed. Furthermore, in this research, muscularity-idealizing exposure, which may be particularly salient for men, and the potential role of sexual minority …
Handling Item-Level Missing Data: Simpler Is Just as Good
The topic of missing data has been receiving increasing attention, with calls to apply advanced methods of handling missingness to counseling psychology research. The present study sought to assess whether advanced methods of handling item-level missing data performed equivalently to simpler methods in designs similar to those counseling psychologists typically engage in. Results of an initial preliminary analysis, an analysis using real-world da…
Impact of Perceived Weight Discrimination on Patient Satisfaction and Physician Trust
Fat patients may perceive weight discrimination from their physician or the support personnel with whom they interact. This in turn may harm the physician-patient relationship. Physician trust and patient satisfaction are two domains in which the effect of perceived weight discrimination can be assessed. The authors assessed whether size as measured by body mass index (BMI) is related to patient satisfaction and physician trust, and whether this …
The Theory of Male Reference Group Identity Dependence: Roles of Social Desirability, Masculinity Ideology, and Collective Identity
Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities
A content analysis of LGBT-themed positive psychology articles
Homohysteria: A Commentary and Critique
I want your sex: The role of sexual exploration in fostering positive sexual self-concepts for heterosexual and sexual minority women
Openness and self-exploration have been associated with myriad benefits. Within the realm of sexuality, sexual exploration may be 1 facet of openness and self-exploration that yields benefits. Prior literature suggests that such exploration may have benefits for sexual orientation minority persons, though limited research has investigated the benefits of sexual exploration for heterosexuals. The present study used data from 346 adult women (185 e…
Entitlement moderates the relationships between protein supplement use and drive for muscularity and intention to use anabolic steroids
Self-Objectification and Condom Use Self-Efficacy in Women University Students
Integrating self-concept into the relationship between drive for muscularity, and disordered eating and depression, among men
Research on men’s health has increasingly recognized the importance of depression and eating disorders among men. The present study sought to extend extant work on self-concept and depression to men, incorporating muscularity-related attitudes and behaviors, and also incorporating risk for disordered eating. Two samples, one of 204 heterosexual college men and one of 197 gay and bisexual men sampled online, were recruited. Participants completed …
To be (healthy) or not to be: Moderated mediation of the relationships between masculine norms, future orientation, family income, and college men’s healthful behaviors
Do threats to masculinity result in more aggressive driving behavior
The Psychology of Men and Masculinities: Using citation network analysis to understand research domains, collaborations, and grant competitiveness
Risky business: Precarious manhood and investment portfolio decisions
Precursors to heterophobia: An examination of temporal sequence among a sample of gay men
Heterophobia, defined as gay men's fear and avoidance of heterosexual men, has been linked to behavioral health outcomes and could contribute to social disconnectedness and intergroup conflict. The Gay Male Heterophobia Scale assesses 3 meaningful aspects of gay male heterophobia: disconnectedness, expected rejection, and unease/avoidance. The current study sought to assess the development of heterophobia among gay men over 2 weeks using a longit…
Development of the Gay Male Heterophobia Scale
The current study presents the initial validation of a new 20-item measure of heterophobia, a construct frequently discussed but inadequately researched in the literature on gay men's lives. This process included initial focus groups, exploratory and confirmatory national samples of gay men. The sample included measures of homophobia, rejection sensitivity, discrimination history, gay identity development, and social desirability to address conve…
Social media behavior, toxic masculinity, and depression
Social media/social networks (SM/SNs), while ubiquitous in their use, have not been well integrated into psychological theory or practice. Most research addressing SM/SNs has examined frequency and modality of SM/SN use, rather than the valence of online interactions or potential mental health consequences of use. Further, SM/SN use has also not been well integrated with relevant paradigms from the psychology of men and masculinities paradigms. T…
The Strong, Silent Type(ology): Examining Intersections of Alexithymia and the Drive for Muscularity
This study used latent profile analysis to explore the interrelations of drive for muscularity (DM) and alexithymia among 505 men. Four unique classes of men emerged: (1) low endorsement of DM and alexithymia, (2) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and DM, (3) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and high endorsement of attitudinal and behavioral DM, and (4) high endorsement of DM attitudes and alexithymia, and low endorsement of DM behaviors. We…
Psychology (44 works) · Social Psychology (28 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Clinical Psychology (19 works) · Gender Roles and Identity Studies (17 works) · Clinical Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Masculinity (15 works) · Medicine (13 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (12 works)