Peter A Witt
Biographic Data
| ID | 225176 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter A Witt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter A |
| FAMILY NAME | Witt |
| SIGNATURE | WITT P A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas A&M University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 181 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Calling the Screens: Self-Reported Developmental Outcomes in Competitive Basketball
The purpose of this study was to examine female players’ motives for participation in competitive sports, how they felt involvement has aided in their development, and explore negative experiences that had served as detractors to enjoyment. Focus groups were conducted with 31 players who currently participate on a competitive youth basketball team. Player responses revealed that participation in youth sport is motivated by two main themes: enjoym…
Attracting Hispanics to an African American Recreation Center: Examining Attitudes and Historical Factors
This study sought to explore (a) how the Milton Recreation Center (MRC) became racialized as an African American space, (b) the factors limiting Hispanic parents from enrolling their children at the MRC, and (c) African Americans' attitudes toward increasing Hispanic participation at the MRC. The study employed qualitative methods including participant interviews. Findings suggested that historical discrimination toward the African American popul…
Outcomes and Processes at a Camp for Youth With HIV/Aids
The impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of youth with this chronic illness suggests the need for additional support as youth develop. Summer camp can serve as a therapeutic intervention for youth with HIV/AIDS. Using a case study employing observations, focus groups, and interviews, we examined outcomes associated with participation in a camp for youth with HIV/AIDS, and program processes that influenced outcomes. Findings showed that camp played a m…
The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
The Impact of Socialization on Youth Program Outcomes: A Social Development Model Perspective
This study employs a mixed-methods design and a social development model (SDM) to examine the role of socialization processes within an international immersion program for adolescents. Longitudinal data from 108 participant and 49 comparison group members are analyzed using structural equation modeling procedures. Qualitative data are also used to assess participants' perceptions of these processes. The quantitative findings indicate that the SDM…
A Long Journey to Somewhere: JLR at 40
In 1969 1 was just finishing up my PhD at the University of Illinois. Publishing was on my mind as I needed to begin the march towards tenure. I had been working with Dr. Doyle Bishop on an article and he mentioned a new journal called the Journal of Leisure Research where we might try to publish our work. As a psychologist, Doyle was skeptical about wasting our work in a new journal with no standing in the academic community. But, we decided tha…
Situational Antecedents to Leisure Behavior
Five "need" theories of leisure behavior (surplus energy, relaxation, catharsis, compensation and task generalization) are outlined and their implications for a situation-response model of leisure behavior discussed. A Leisure Behavior Inventory (LBI) is described. It was constructed to ascertain whether the activities a person would like to participate in during one time period are affected by the experiences or situations he encounters in the p…
Meaningful Involvement Opportunities in Ropes Course Programs
Ropes course research rarely investigates how program design and delivery contributes to program outcomes. This study used experience sampling and meansend analysis to 1) compare the meaningful involvement opportunities provided by two alternate ropes course design and delivery approaches, Challenge by Choice (CbC) and Inviting Optimum Participation (I-OPt), and 2) describe program design and delivery attributes effecting participant outcomes. Th…
Readership Is More Important than Publication Outlet
When I worked at the University of Ottawa, Canada in the 1970s, I often traveled back and forth to the United States to visit family and friends. From Ed Jackson's study of where academics in Canada and the United States choose to published their work, we learn that the crossing of the intellectual border may be a rarer experience.I must admit that on first reading Jackson's piece, I found little to get excited about. Despite the impressive datab…
If Leisure Research is to Matter II
My journey as a member of the research community began some 30 years ago. Influenced by Drs. Mike Ellis and Doyle Bishop, my doctoral study days were filled with the excitement of being part of two different research groups and moving from research questions to developing methodologies, analyzing data, and subsequently developing papers for publication. I knew I had arrived as a true researcher when I finally had my own data set to mine and from …
Edgar L. Jackson
Perceived freedom in leisure and satisfaction: Exploring the factor structure of the perceived freedom components of the leisure diagnostic battery
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure among the five component measures of perceived freedom in leisure within the Leisure Diagnostic Battery. Matrixes of correlations from three previous studies were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis procedures. The three studies included samples of adolescents, young adults, and mid‐life adults. Results provided support for the existence of a perceived freedom factor, as hypothes…
Karla Henderson
Change and Stability in Leisure Constraints: A Comparison of Two Surveys Conducted Four Years Apart
Using data from a questionnaire administered to the same population (Alberta, Canada) in two surveys conducted four years apart (1988 and 1992), this paper investigates three issues related to the replication of research on leisure constraints and the interpretation of temporal changes in the experience of constraints: (1) the magnitude of changes in the reporting of constraints over time; (2) the extent to which such changes are a function of di…
Development of a Short Form to Assess Perceived Freedom in Leisure
The paper describes the development of two versions of a short form to measure "perceived freedom in leisure." These scales are based on Ellis and Witt's (1984) earlier development of five scales that together were shown to measure this construct. Reliability and validity data are described.KEYWORDS: Perceived freedom in leisureleisure measurementleisure diagnostic battery
The Leisure Diagnostic Battery: Measuring Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the conceptualization and development of instrumentation to measure an individual's perceived freedom in leisure. The instrumentation builds on the leisure as «state of mind» view utilizing elements of attribution theory, and work involving playfulness, optimum arousal, and leisure need satisfaction to build a conceptual basis for understanding leisure as a subjective experience. Scales representing five key concepts were dev…
Values and Leisure and Trends in Leisure Services
The Measurement of Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the development, reliability, and validity of five scales designed to measure perceived freedom in leisure. The scales are based on attribution theory and the concepts of flow, arousal theory, and playfulness. Scales appear to have acceptable levels of both alpha and test-retest reliability. Initial indications of validity based on interscale correlations, factor structure, and correlation with other variables are also accept…
The relationships between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages
This cross‐sectional study examines the relationship between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages. A list of 18 barriers, which included time, money, knowledge, and attitudinal and motivational constraints was analyzed for two samples of citizens and for one sample of recreation professionals over five family stages, sex of respondent, and four attitudinal measures (internal‐external control, political alienation, community relatedness…
Factor Structure of Leisure Behavior for High School Age Youth in Three Communities
The recreation activity preferences for high school age youth in three Midwest cities were factor analyzed and resulting structures compared. For each city, four stable factors were derived. These
Sources of behavioral variance during leisure time
2 samples of 49 and 91 undergraduates rated how much they would feel like participating in each of a set of leisure activities in each of 10 hypothetical situations. The resulting matrices of responses were analyzed into the estimated variance components associated with persons, situations, modes of response, and their various interactions. These sources of variance in leisure behavior were compared to those reported by N. S. Endler and J. Hunt f…
Factor Structure of Leisure Behavior for High School Age Youth in Three Communities
The recreation activity preferences for high school age youth in three Midwest cities were factor analyzed and resulting structures compared. For each city, four stable factors were derived. These
The Measurement of Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the development, reliability, and validity of five scales designed to measure perceived freedom in leisure. The scales are based on attribution theory and the concepts of flow, arousal theory, and playfulness. Scales appear to have acceptable levels of both alpha and test-retest reliability. Initial indications of validity based on interscale correlations, factor structure, and correlation with other variables are also accept…
The relationships between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages
This cross‐sectional study examines the relationship between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages. A list of 18 barriers, which included time, money, knowledge, and attitudinal and motivational constraints was analyzed for two samples of citizens and for one sample of recreation professionals over five family stages, sex of respondent, and four attitudinal measures (internal‐external control, political alienation, community relatedness…
Situational Antecedents to Leisure Behavior
Five "need" theories of leisure behavior (surplus energy, relaxation, catharsis, compensation and task generalization) are outlined and their implications for a situation-response model of leisure behavior discussed. A Leisure Behavior Inventory (LBI) is described. It was constructed to ascertain whether the activities a person would like to participate in during one time period are affected by the experiences or situations he encounters in the p…
Development of a Short Form to Assess Perceived Freedom in Leisure
The paper describes the development of two versions of a short form to measure "perceived freedom in leisure." These scales are based on Ellis and Witt's (1984) earlier development of five scales that together were shown to measure this construct. Reliability and validity data are described.KEYWORDS: Perceived freedom in leisureleisure measurementleisure diagnostic battery
Sources of behavioral variance during leisure time
2 samples of 49 and 91 undergraduates rated how much they would feel like participating in each of a set of leisure activities in each of 10 hypothetical situations. The resulting matrices of responses were analyzed into the estimated variance components associated with persons, situations, modes of response, and their various interactions. These sources of variance in leisure behavior were compared to those reported by N. S. Endler and J. Hunt f…
Outcomes and Processes at a Camp for Youth With HIV/Aids
The impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of youth with this chronic illness suggests the need for additional support as youth develop. Summer camp can serve as a therapeutic intervention for youth with HIV/AIDS. Using a case study employing observations, focus groups, and interviews, we examined outcomes associated with participation in a camp for youth with HIV/AIDS, and program processes that influenced outcomes. Findings showed that camp played a m…
Change and Stability in Leisure Constraints: A Comparison of Two Surveys Conducted Four Years Apart
Using data from a questionnaire administered to the same population (Alberta, Canada) in two surveys conducted four years apart (1988 and 1992), this paper investigates three issues related to the replication of research on leisure constraints and the interpretation of temporal changes in the experience of constraints: (1) the magnitude of changes in the reporting of constraints over time; (2) the extent to which such changes are a function of di…
If Leisure Research is to Matter II
My journey as a member of the research community began some 30 years ago. Influenced by Drs. Mike Ellis and Doyle Bishop, my doctoral study days were filled with the excitement of being part of two different research groups and moving from research questions to developing methodologies, analyzing data, and subsequently developing papers for publication. I knew I had arrived as a true researcher when I finally had my own data set to mine and from …
Attracting Hispanics to an African American Recreation Center: Examining Attitudes and Historical Factors
This study sought to explore (a) how the Milton Recreation Center (MRC) became racialized as an African American space, (b) the factors limiting Hispanic parents from enrolling their children at the MRC, and (c) African Americans' attitudes toward increasing Hispanic participation at the MRC. The study employed qualitative methods including participant interviews. Findings suggested that historical discrimination toward the African American popul…
Perceived freedom in leisure and satisfaction: Exploring the factor structure of the perceived freedom components of the leisure diagnostic battery
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure among the five component measures of perceived freedom in leisure within the Leisure Diagnostic Battery. Matrixes of correlations from three previous studies were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis procedures. The three studies included samples of adolescents, young adults, and mid‐life adults. Results provided support for the existence of a perceived freedom factor, as hypothes…
Values and Leisure and Trends in Leisure Services
The Leisure Diagnostic Battery: Measuring Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the conceptualization and development of instrumentation to measure an individual's perceived freedom in leisure. The instrumentation builds on the leisure as «state of mind» view utilizing elements of attribution theory, and work involving playfulness, optimum arousal, and leisure need satisfaction to build a conceptual basis for understanding leisure as a subjective experience. Scales representing five key concepts were dev…
Calling the Screens: Self-Reported Developmental Outcomes in Competitive Basketball
The purpose of this study was to examine female players’ motives for participation in competitive sports, how they felt involvement has aided in their development, and explore negative experiences that had served as detractors to enjoyment. Focus groups were conducted with 31 players who currently participate on a competitive youth basketball team. Player responses revealed that participation in youth sport is motivated by two main themes: enjoym…
The Impact of Socialization on Youth Program Outcomes: A Social Development Model Perspective
This study employs a mixed-methods design and a social development model (SDM) to examine the role of socialization processes within an international immersion program for adolescents. Longitudinal data from 108 participant and 49 comparison group members are analyzed using structural equation modeling procedures. Qualitative data are also used to assess participants' perceptions of these processes. The quantitative findings indicate that the SDM…
Readership Is More Important than Publication Outlet
When I worked at the University of Ottawa, Canada in the 1970s, I often traveled back and forth to the United States to visit family and friends. From Ed Jackson's study of where academics in Canada and the United States choose to published their work, we learn that the crossing of the intellectual border may be a rarer experience.I must admit that on first reading Jackson's piece, I found little to get excited about. Despite the impressive datab…
Sources of behavioral variance during leisure time
2 samples of 49 and 91 undergraduates rated how much they would feel like participating in each of a set of leisure activities in each of 10 hypothetical situations. The resulting matrices of responses were analyzed into the estimated variance components associated with persons, situations, modes of response, and their various interactions. These sources of variance in leisure behavior were compared to those reported by N. S. Endler and J. Hunt f…
Factor Structure of Leisure Behavior for High School Age Youth in Three Communities
The recreation activity preferences for high school age youth in three Midwest cities were factor analyzed and resulting structures compared. For each city, four stable factors were derived. These
The relationships between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages
This cross‐sectional study examines the relationship between barriers to leisure enjoyment and family stages. A list of 18 barriers, which included time, money, knowledge, and attitudinal and motivational constraints was analyzed for two samples of citizens and for one sample of recreation professionals over five family stages, sex of respondent, and four attitudinal measures (internal‐external control, political alienation, community relatedness…
The Leisure Diagnostic Battery: Measuring Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the conceptualization and development of instrumentation to measure an individual's perceived freedom in leisure. The instrumentation builds on the leisure as «state of mind» view utilizing elements of attribution theory, and work involving playfulness, optimum arousal, and leisure need satisfaction to build a conceptual basis for understanding leisure as a subjective experience. Scales representing five key concepts were dev…
Values and Leisure and Trends in Leisure Services
The Measurement of Perceived Freedom in Leisure
This paper describes the development, reliability, and validity of five scales designed to measure perceived freedom in leisure. The scales are based on attribution theory and the concepts of flow, arousal theory, and playfulness. Scales appear to have acceptable levels of both alpha and test-retest reliability. Initial indications of validity based on interscale correlations, factor structure, and correlation with other variables are also accept…
Development of a Short Form to Assess Perceived Freedom in Leisure
The paper describes the development of two versions of a short form to measure "perceived freedom in leisure." These scales are based on Ellis and Witt's (1984) earlier development of five scales that together were shown to measure this construct. Reliability and validity data are described.KEYWORDS: Perceived freedom in leisureleisure measurementleisure diagnostic battery
Perceived freedom in leisure and satisfaction: Exploring the factor structure of the perceived freedom components of the leisure diagnostic battery
The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure among the five component measures of perceived freedom in leisure within the Leisure Diagnostic Battery. Matrixes of correlations from three previous studies were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis procedures. The three studies included samples of adolescents, young adults, and mid‐life adults. Results provided support for the existence of a perceived freedom factor, as hypothes…
Karla Henderson
Change and Stability in Leisure Constraints: A Comparison of Two Surveys Conducted Four Years Apart
Using data from a questionnaire administered to the same population (Alberta, Canada) in two surveys conducted four years apart (1988 and 1992), this paper investigates three issues related to the replication of research on leisure constraints and the interpretation of temporal changes in the experience of constraints: (1) the magnitude of changes in the reporting of constraints over time; (2) the extent to which such changes are a function of di…
Edgar L. Jackson
If Leisure Research is to Matter II
My journey as a member of the research community began some 30 years ago. Influenced by Drs. Mike Ellis and Doyle Bishop, my doctoral study days were filled with the excitement of being part of two different research groups and moving from research questions to developing methodologies, analyzing data, and subsequently developing papers for publication. I knew I had arrived as a true researcher when I finally had my own data set to mine and from …
Readership Is More Important than Publication Outlet
When I worked at the University of Ottawa, Canada in the 1970s, I often traveled back and forth to the United States to visit family and friends. From Ed Jackson's study of where academics in Canada and the United States choose to published their work, we learn that the crossing of the intellectual border may be a rarer experience.I must admit that on first reading Jackson's piece, I found little to get excited about. Despite the impressive datab…
Meaningful Involvement Opportunities in Ropes Course Programs
Ropes course research rarely investigates how program design and delivery contributes to program outcomes. This study used experience sampling and meansend analysis to 1) compare the meaningful involvement opportunities provided by two alternate ropes course design and delivery approaches, Challenge by Choice (CbC) and Inviting Optimum Participation (I-OPt), and 2) describe program design and delivery attributes effecting participant outcomes. Th…
A Long Journey to Somewhere: JLR at 40
In 1969 1 was just finishing up my PhD at the University of Illinois. Publishing was on my mind as I needed to begin the march towards tenure. I had been working with Dr. Doyle Bishop on an article and he mentioned a new journal called the Journal of Leisure Research where we might try to publish our work. As a psychologist, Doyle was skeptical about wasting our work in a new journal with no standing in the academic community. But, we decided tha…
Situational Antecedents to Leisure Behavior
Five "need" theories of leisure behavior (surplus energy, relaxation, catharsis, compensation and task generalization) are outlined and their implications for a situation-response model of leisure behavior discussed. A Leisure Behavior Inventory (LBI) is described. It was constructed to ascertain whether the activities a person would like to participate in during one time period are affected by the experiences or situations he encounters in the p…
The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
The Impact of Socialization on Youth Program Outcomes: A Social Development Model Perspective
This study employs a mixed-methods design and a social development model (SDM) to examine the role of socialization processes within an international immersion program for adolescents. Longitudinal data from 108 participant and 49 comparison group members are analyzed using structural equation modeling procedures. Qualitative data are also used to assess participants' perceptions of these processes. The quantitative findings indicate that the SDM…
Outcomes and Processes at a Camp for Youth With HIV/Aids
The impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of youth with this chronic illness suggests the need for additional support as youth develop. Summer camp can serve as a therapeutic intervention for youth with HIV/AIDS. Using a case study employing observations, focus groups, and interviews, we examined outcomes associated with participation in a camp for youth with HIV/AIDS, and program processes that influenced outcomes. Findings showed that camp played a m…
Attracting Hispanics to an African American Recreation Center: Examining Attitudes and Historical Factors
This study sought to explore (a) how the Milton Recreation Center (MRC) became racialized as an African American space, (b) the factors limiting Hispanic parents from enrolling their children at the MRC, and (c) African Americans' attitudes toward increasing Hispanic participation at the MRC. The study employed qualitative methods including participant interviews. Findings suggested that historical discrimination toward the African American popul…
Calling the Screens: Self-Reported Developmental Outcomes in Competitive Basketball
The purpose of this study was to examine female players’ motives for participation in competitive sports, how they felt involvement has aided in their development, and explore negative experiences that had served as detractors to enjoyment. Focus groups were conducted with 31 players who currently participate on a competitive youth basketball team. Player responses revealed that participation in youth sport is motivated by two main themes: enjoym…
Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management (13 works) · Political science (10 works) · Recreation (8 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (7 works) · Law (5 works) · Law (5 works)