Phil A Silva
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 226199 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Phil A Silva |
| NOMBRES | Phil A |
| APELLIDO | Silva |
| FIRMA | SILVA P A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Otago |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5930-7424 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 856 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1984 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Governança e educação permanente em saúde
O estudo objetivou avaliar os mecanismos, contextos e resultados do apoio institucional do estado do Paraná relacionados com a governança em saúde. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa, qualitativa, ancorada na avaliação realista. Foram realizados 15 grupos focais com 83 gestores municipais de saúde e seis apoiadores regionais. Os dados foram organizados em matriz avaliativa e analisados segundo os preceitos da governança em saúde e Educação Permanent…
Intergenerational Transmission of Warm-Sensitive-Stimulating Parenting
More than 200 New Zealand men and women studied repeatedly since age 3 were videotaped interacting with their own 3-year-old children to determine (a) whether childrearing and family climate experienced in 3 distinct developmental periods while growing up (i.e., early childhood, middle childhood, early adolescence) predicted parenting and (b) whether romantic relationship quality moderated the effect of childrearing history on observed parenting.…
Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour
Why are females rarely antisocial and males antisocial so often? This key question is addressed in a fresh approach to sex differences in the causes, course and consequences of antisocial behaviour. The book presents findings from a landmark investigation of 1,000 males and females studied from ages 3 to 21 years. It shows that young people develop antisocial behaviour for two main reasons. One form of antisocial behaviour is a neurodevelopmental…
Child-rearing antecedents of intergenerational relations in young adulthood
Data gathered from mothers on parenting and family climate when almost 1,000 children in the Dunedin, New Zealand, longitudinal study were 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 15 years of age were used to predict intergenerational relations between young adult children (age 26) and their middle-aged parents. Analyses focused on distinct developmental epochs revealed greater prediction from the middle-childhood and early-adolescent periods than from the early-chil…
The Effects of Social Ties on Crime Vary by Criminal Propensity
Previous studies have explained the transition from criminal propensity in youth to criminal behavior in adulthood with hypotheses of enduring criminal propensity, unique social causation, and cumulative social disadvantage. In this article we develop an additional hypothesis derived from the life‐course concept of interdependence: The effects of social ties on crime vary as a function of individuals' propsensity for crime. We tested these four h…
Mental Disorders and Violence in a Total Birth Cohort
BACKGROUND: We report on mental disorders and violence for a birth cohort of young adults, regardless of their contact with the health or justice systems. METHODS: We studied 961 young adults who constituted 94% of a total-city birth cohort in New Zealand, April 1, 1972, through March 31, 1973. Past-year prevalence of mental disorders was measured using standardized DSM-III-R interviews. Past-year violence was measured using self-reports of crimi…
Low Self‐control, Social Bonds, and Crime
This article examines the social‐selection and social‐causation processes that generate criminal behavior. We describe these processes with three theoretical models: a social‐causation model that links crime to contemporaneous social relationships; a social‐selection model that links crime to personal characteristics formed in childhood; and a mixed selection‐causation model that links crime to social relationships and childhood characteristics. …
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Ses and Delinquency
Many theories of crime have linked low levels of socioeconomic status (SES) to high levels of delinquency. However, empirical studies have consistently found weak or nonexistent correlations between individuals' SES and their self‐reported delinquent behavior. Drawing upon recent theoretical innovations (Hagan et al., 1985; Jensen, 1993; Tittle, 1995), we propose that this apparent contradiction between theory and data may be reconciled by recogn…
Low Socioeconomic Status and Mental Disorders
Research Council. We are grateful to the study members and their families for their participation. Over the past half century two competing hypotheses in sociological inquiry have provided interpretations of the well-documented association between low socioeconomic status and mental disorders. The selection hypothesis asserts that mental disorders impair status attainment, whereas the causation hypothesis states that conditions of life associated…
Developmental antecedents of partner abuse
Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood
The authors investigated the emergence of gender differences in clinical depression and the overall development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood among members of a complete birth cohort using a prospective longitudinal approach with structured diagnostic interviews administered 5 times over the course of 10 years. Small gender differences in depression (females greater than males) first began to emerge between the ages of 13 a…
Factors Associated with Doubled‐Up Housing—a Common Precursor to Homelessness
Previous research on housing problems has concentrated on the more visible homeless‐ness rather than more intermediate forms of housing problems such as doubled‐up housing. This article expands this research by analyzing entrance into doubled‐up housing among a sample of adolescents. This common type of vulnerable housing has been linked to various social and psychological problems. It commonly precedes homeless‐ness, and it potentially increases…
Early Failure in the Labor Market
The authors investigate the childhood and adolescent predictors of youth unemployment in a longitudinal study of young adults who have been studied for the 21 years since their births in 1972-1973. They test hypotheses about the predictors of youth unemployment using information about each individual's human capital, social capital, and personal capital. In the human capital domain, lack of high-school qualifications, poor reading skills, low IQ …
Hitting Without a License
Lynn Magdol, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Phil A. Silva, Hitting Without a License: Testing Explanations for Differences in Partner Abuse between Young Adult Daters and Cohabitors, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 41-55
Do partners agree about abuse in their relationship?
This study tested whether partners can be relied on to provide congruent reports about abuse in their relationship. The authors examined whether interpartner agreement (IA) varies as a function of whether the perpetrator is the man or the woman, and by whether the abusive behavior being reported is physical or psychological. Guided by psychometric test theory, the authors examined whether weak IA about specific behaviors can be improved by aggreg…
Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds
Antecedents of adult interpersonal functioning
Is Age Important? Testing a General Versus a Developmental Theory of Antisocial Behavior
We tested competing hypotheses derived from Gottfredson and Hirschis (1990) general theory and Moffitt's (1993a) developmental theory of antisocial behavior. The developmental theory argues that different factors give rise to antisocial behavior at different points in the life course. In contrast, the general theory maintains that the factor underlying antisocial behavior (i.e., criminal propensity) is the same at all ages. To test these competin…
Personality differences predict health-risk behaviors in young adulthood
In a longitudinal study of a birth cohort, the authors identified youth involved in each of 4 different health-risk behaviors at age 21: alcohol dependence, violent crime, unsafe sex, and dangerous driving habits. At age 18, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to assess 10 distinct personality traits. At age 3, observational measures were used to classify children into distinct temperament groups. Results showed that a s…
Temperamental and familial predictors of violent and nonviolent criminal convictions
This study examined the relations between family characteristics, childhood temperament, and convictions for violent and nonviolent offenses at age 18 in a representative birth cohort of men who are part of a longitudinal study. Three groups of men were identified on the basis of their conviction status at age 18: Participants who had never been convicted (n = 404), participants who had been convicted for nonviolent offenses only (n = 50), and pa…
The (artefactual) remission of reading disability
Patterns of reading disability were examined in 2 longitudinal studies. The major findings were (a) that on the basis of the observed data, remission of reading disability was relatively common with up to 37% of reading-disabled children showing remission of this disability within a 2-year period, and (b) when the data were analyzed with a latent Markov model that took account of measurement errors in test scores, the estimated true rate of remis…
Temperamental Qualities at Age Three Predict Personality Traits in Young Adulthood
Avshalom Caspi, Phil A. Silva, Temperamental Qualities at Age Three Predict Personality Traits in Young Adulthood: Longitudinal Evidence from a Birth Cohort, Child Development, Vol. 66, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 486-498
Temperamental Origins of Child and Adolescent Behavior Problems
On the "remembrance of things past"
This study examines the extent of agreement between retrospective and prospective measures of variables in 7 different content domains: Residence changes, anthropometrics, injuries, reading ability, family characteristics, behavior problems, and delinquency. The authors evaluated retrospective reports using data from a large sample of 18-year-old youth who have been studied prospectively since their births
Neuropsychological Tests Predicting Persistent Male Delinquency
This article reports the first longitudinal evidence that prospective measures of neuropsychological status predict antisocial outcomes. We studied data for a birth cohort of several hundred New Zealand males from age 13 to age 18. Age‐13 neuropsychological scores predicted later delinquency measured via multiple sources: police, courts, and self‐report. Poor neuropsychological scores were associated with early onset of delinquency. The results f…
Early Failure in the Labor Market
The authors investigate the childhood and adolescent predictors of youth unemployment in a longitudinal study of young adults who have been studied for the 21 years since their births in 1972-1973. They test hypotheses about the predictors of youth unemployment using information about each individual's human capital, social capital, and personal capital. In the human capital domain, lack of high-school qualifications, poor reading skills, low IQ …
Unraveling girls' delinquency
We examined processes linking biological and behavioral changes in different contexts during adolescence by studying an unselected cohort of New Zealand girls from childhood through adolescence when they entered either mixed-sex or all-girl secondary schools. The impact of menarcheal timing on female delinquency was moderated by the sex composition of schools; early-maturing girls in mixed-sex settings were at greatest risk for delinquency. Indiv…
Low Self‐control, Social Bonds, and Crime
This article examines the social‐selection and social‐causation processes that generate criminal behavior. We describe these processes with three theoretical models: a social‐causation model that links crime to contemporaneous social relationships; a social‐selection model that links crime to personal characteristics formed in childhood; and a mixed selection‐causation model that links crime to social relationships and childhood characteristics. …
Low Socioeconomic Status and Mental Disorders
Research Council. We are grateful to the study members and their families for their participation. Over the past half century two competing hypotheses in sociological inquiry have provided interpretations of the well-documented association between low socioeconomic status and mental disorders. The selection hypothesis asserts that mental disorders impair status attainment, whereas the causation hypothesis states that conditions of life associated…
Are Some People Crime‐prone? Replications of the Personality‐crime Relationship Across Countries, Genders, Races, and Methods
We examined the relation between personality traits and crime in two studies. In New Zealand we studied 18‐year‐old males and females from an entire birth cohort. In Pittsburgh we studied an ethnically diverse group of 12‐ and 13‐year‐old boys. In both studies we gathered multiple and independent measures of personality and delinquent involvement. The personality correlates of delinquency were robust in different nations, in different age cohorts…
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Ses and Delinquency
Many theories of crime have linked low levels of socioeconomic status (SES) to high levels of delinquency. However, empirical studies have consistently found weak or nonexistent correlations between individuals' SES and their self‐reported delinquent behavior. Drawing upon recent theoretical innovations (Hagan et al., 1985; Jensen, 1993; Tittle, 1995), we propose that this apparent contradiction between theory and data may be reconciled by recogn…
How Early Can We Tell
It is often argued that intervention efforts can benefit from the early identification of children at risk for antisocial disorders. Little is known, however about the predictive efficacy of early predictors This study examined the predictive power of a variety of characteristics of the preschool child for antisocial outcome at ages 11 and 15. The subjects were 1,037 members of a longitudinal investigation of a New Zealand birth cohort. Groups wi…
The Effects of Social Ties on Crime Vary by Criminal Propensity
Previous studies have explained the transition from criminal propensity in youth to criminal behavior in adulthood with hypotheses of enduring criminal propensity, unique social causation, and cumulative social disadvantage. In this article we develop an additional hypothesis derived from the life‐course concept of interdependence: The effects of social ties on crime vary as a function of individuals' propsensity for crime. We tested these four h…
Is Age Important? Testing a General Versus a Developmental Theory of Antisocial Behavior
We tested competing hypotheses derived from Gottfredson and Hirschis (1990) general theory and Moffitt's (1993a) developmental theory of antisocial behavior. The developmental theory argues that different factors give rise to antisocial behavior at different points in the life course. In contrast, the general theory maintains that the factor underlying antisocial behavior (i.e., criminal propensity) is the same at all ages. To test these competin…
Neuropsychological Tests Predicting Persistent Male Delinquency
This article reports the first longitudinal evidence that prospective measures of neuropsychological status predict antisocial outcomes. We studied data for a birth cohort of several hundred New Zealand males from age 13 to age 18. Age‐13 neuropsychological scores predicted later delinquency measured via multiple sources: police, courts, and self‐report. Poor neuropsychological scores were associated with early onset of delinquency. The results f…
Temperamental and familial predictors of violent and nonviolent criminal convictions
This study examined the relations between family characteristics, childhood temperament, and convictions for violent and nonviolent offenses at age 18 in a representative birth cohort of men who are part of a longitudinal study. Three groups of men were identified on the basis of their conviction status at age 18: Participants who had never been convicted (n = 404), participants who had been convicted for nonviolent offenses only (n = 50), and pa…
Factors Associated with Doubled‐Up Housing—a Common Precursor to Homelessness
Previous research on housing problems has concentrated on the more visible homeless‐ness rather than more intermediate forms of housing problems such as doubled‐up housing. This article expands this research by analyzing entrance into doubled‐up housing among a sample of adolescents. This common type of vulnerable housing has been linked to various social and psychological problems. It commonly precedes homeless‐ness, and it potentially increases…
Child-rearing antecedents of intergenerational relations in young adulthood
Data gathered from mothers on parenting and family climate when almost 1,000 children in the Dunedin, New Zealand, longitudinal study were 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 15 years of age were used to predict intergenerational relations between young adult children (age 26) and their middle-aged parents. Analyses focused on distinct developmental epochs revealed greater prediction from the middle-childhood and early-adolescent periods than from the early-chil…
Personality differences predict health-risk behaviors in young adulthood
In a longitudinal study of a birth cohort, the authors identified youth involved in each of 4 different health-risk behaviors at age 21: alcohol dependence, violent crime, unsafe sex, and dangerous driving habits. At age 18, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to assess 10 distinct personality traits. At age 3, observational measures were used to classify children into distinct temperament groups. Results showed that a s…
Hitting Without a License
Lynn Magdol, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Phil A. Silva, Hitting Without a License: Testing Explanations for Differences in Partner Abuse between Young Adult Daters and Cohabitors, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 41-55
Antecedents of adult interpersonal functioning
The (artefactual) remission of reading disability
Patterns of reading disability were examined in 2 longitudinal studies. The major findings were (a) that on the basis of the observed data, remission of reading disability was relatively common with up to 37% of reading-disabled children showing remission of this disability within a 2-year period, and (b) when the data were analyzed with a latent Markov model that took account of measurement errors in test scores, the estimated true rate of remis…
Slow Starters and Long‐term Backward Readers
S ummary . This study analysed data from a longitudinal investigation of reading ability in children from ages 7 to 13 years. Following Cox (1987), boys and girls with long‐term backward reading (LTB) were compared with boys and girls who showed good reading progress at 13, despite being poor readers at 7 (“slow starters” or SS). These two groups were contrasted on various measures of cognitive development, behaviour and family background at age …
Some Antecedents of Academic Self-concept
The influence of cognitive, achievement, and family background variables on academic self-concept was examined for 435 students participating in a major longitudinal study in New Zealand. Family background variables included mother's marital status at the birth of the child, family socio-economic status at the time the child was born, and family environment when the child was 7 years and 9 years of age. These factors were not significantly relate…
Family environment scale
This article presents the results for the Family Environment Scale of Moos (1974) provided by 888 mothers whose children are part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. Data included are means, standard deviations, intercorrelations and stability measures for each of 10 subscales, along with comparable American results. The authors conclude that the FES appears to be a promising instrument for research into Australasian family …
Academic Self‐concept
S ummary . Eight hundred 9‐year‐old children being studied by the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit were assessed in terms of academic self‐concept, intelligence, and school performance. A short form of the Student's Perception of Ability Scale (SPAS) was used to estimate academic self‐concept. Intelligence was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised (WISC‐R), reading by the Burt Word Reading …
Family environment scale
This article presents the results for the Family Environment Scale of Moos (1974) provided by 888 mothers whose children are part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. Data included are means, standard deviations, intercorrelations and stability measures for each of 10 subscales, along with comparable American results. The authors conclude that the FES appears to be a promising instrument for research into Australasian family …
The Stability and Classification of Specific Reading Retardation
S ummary . The concept of specific reading retardation assumes that there exists a stable group of under‐achieving children whose classification is not simply age‐ or test‐specific. This assumption was investigated longitudinally in a large sample of New Zealand children who were followed from age 7 to age 11. Substantial overlap was found between groups classified as specific reading retarded at ages 7, 9, and 11 on the basis of Burt reading and…
A Comparison of the Predictive Validity of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Stanford‐binet Intelligence Scale
S ummary . Studies of the predictive validity of psychological tests are relatively rare in comparison with studies of other types of test validity. This is not surprising as studies of most types of test validity (e.g., concurrent, construct) require the collection of data at only one point in time while studies of predictive validity can only be done within the context of longitudinal research. There have, however, been relatively few such stud…
Slow Starters and Long‐term Backward Readers
S ummary . This study analysed data from a longitudinal investigation of reading ability in children from ages 7 to 13 years. Following Cox (1987), boys and girls with long‐term backward reading (LTB) were compared with boys and girls who showed good reading progress at 13, despite being poor readers at 7 (“slow starters” or SS). These two groups were contrasted on various measures of cognitive development, behaviour and family background at age …
How Early Can We Tell
It is often argued that intervention efforts can benefit from the early identification of children at risk for antisocial disorders. Little is known, however about the predictive efficacy of early predictors This study examined the predictive power of a variety of characteristics of the preschool child for antisocial outcome at ages 11 and 15. The subjects were 1,037 members of a longitudinal investigation of a New Zealand birth cohort. Groups wi…
Some Antecedents of Academic Self-concept
The influence of cognitive, achievement, and family background variables on academic self-concept was examined for 435 students participating in a major longitudinal study in New Zealand. Family background variables included mother's marital status at the birth of the child, family socio-economic status at the time the child was born, and family environment when the child was 7 years and 9 years of age. These factors were not significantly relate…
Childhood Experience and the Onset of Menarche
Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Jay Belsky, Phil A. Silva, Childhood Experience and the Onset of Menarche: A Test of a Sociobiological Model, Child Development, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 47-58
Unraveling girls' delinquency
We examined processes linking biological and behavioral changes in different contexts during adolescence by studying an unselected cohort of New Zealand girls from childhood through adolescence when they entered either mixed-sex or all-girl secondary schools. The impact of menarcheal timing on female delinquency was moderated by the sex composition of schools; early-maturing girls in mixed-sex settings were at greatest risk for delinquency. Indiv…
On the "remembrance of things past"
This study examines the extent of agreement between retrospective and prospective measures of variables in 7 different content domains: Residence changes, anthropometrics, injuries, reading ability, family characteristics, behavior problems, and delinquency. The authors evaluated retrospective reports using data from a large sample of 18-year-old youth who have been studied prospectively since their births
Neuropsychological Tests Predicting Persistent Male Delinquency
This article reports the first longitudinal evidence that prospective measures of neuropsychological status predict antisocial outcomes. We studied data for a birth cohort of several hundred New Zealand males from age 13 to age 18. Age‐13 neuropsychological scores predicted later delinquency measured via multiple sources: police, courts, and self‐report. Poor neuropsychological scores were associated with early onset of delinquency. The results f…
Are Some People Crime‐prone? Replications of the Personality‐crime Relationship Across Countries, Genders, Races, and Methods
We examined the relation between personality traits and crime in two studies. In New Zealand we studied 18‐year‐old males and females from an entire birth cohort. In Pittsburgh we studied an ethnically diverse group of 12‐ and 13‐year‐old boys. In both studies we gathered multiple and independent measures of personality and delinquent involvement. The personality correlates of delinquency were robust in different nations, in different age cohorts…
Temperamental Qualities at Age Three Predict Personality Traits in Young Adulthood
Avshalom Caspi, Phil A. Silva, Temperamental Qualities at Age Three Predict Personality Traits in Young Adulthood: Longitudinal Evidence from a Birth Cohort, Child Development, Vol. 66, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 486-498
Temperamental Origins of Child and Adolescent Behavior Problems
Temperamental and familial predictors of violent and nonviolent criminal convictions
This study examined the relations between family characteristics, childhood temperament, and convictions for violent and nonviolent offenses at age 18 in a representative birth cohort of men who are part of a longitudinal study. Three groups of men were identified on the basis of their conviction status at age 18: Participants who had never been convicted (n = 404), participants who had been convicted for nonviolent offenses only (n = 50), and pa…
The (artefactual) remission of reading disability
Patterns of reading disability were examined in 2 longitudinal studies. The major findings were (a) that on the basis of the observed data, remission of reading disability was relatively common with up to 37% of reading-disabled children showing remission of this disability within a 2-year period, and (b) when the data were analyzed with a latent Markov model that took account of measurement errors in test scores, the estimated true rate of remis…
Do partners agree about abuse in their relationship?
This study tested whether partners can be relied on to provide congruent reports about abuse in their relationship. The authors examined whether interpartner agreement (IA) varies as a function of whether the perpetrator is the man or the woman, and by whether the abusive behavior being reported is physical or psychological. Guided by psychometric test theory, the authors examined whether weak IA about specific behaviors can be improved by aggreg…
Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds
Antecedents of adult interpersonal functioning
Is Age Important? Testing a General Versus a Developmental Theory of Antisocial Behavior
We tested competing hypotheses derived from Gottfredson and Hirschis (1990) general theory and Moffitt's (1993a) developmental theory of antisocial behavior. The developmental theory argues that different factors give rise to antisocial behavior at different points in the life course. In contrast, the general theory maintains that the factor underlying antisocial behavior (i.e., criminal propensity) is the same at all ages. To test these competin…
Personality differences predict health-risk behaviors in young adulthood
In a longitudinal study of a birth cohort, the authors identified youth involved in each of 4 different health-risk behaviors at age 21: alcohol dependence, violent crime, unsafe sex, and dangerous driving habits. At age 18, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to assess 10 distinct personality traits. At age 3, observational measures were used to classify children into distinct temperament groups. Results showed that a s…
Developmental antecedents of partner abuse
Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood
The authors investigated the emergence of gender differences in clinical depression and the overall development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood among members of a complete birth cohort using a prospective longitudinal approach with structured diagnostic interviews administered 5 times over the course of 10 years. Small gender differences in depression (females greater than males) first began to emerge between the ages of 13 a…
Factors Associated with Doubled‐Up Housing—a Common Precursor to Homelessness
Previous research on housing problems has concentrated on the more visible homeless‐ness rather than more intermediate forms of housing problems such as doubled‐up housing. This article expands this research by analyzing entrance into doubled‐up housing among a sample of adolescents. This common type of vulnerable housing has been linked to various social and psychological problems. It commonly precedes homeless‐ness, and it potentially increases…
Early Failure in the Labor Market
The authors investigate the childhood and adolescent predictors of youth unemployment in a longitudinal study of young adults who have been studied for the 21 years since their births in 1972-1973. They test hypotheses about the predictors of youth unemployment using information about each individual's human capital, social capital, and personal capital. In the human capital domain, lack of high-school qualifications, poor reading skills, low IQ …
Psychology (34 obras) · Developmental psychology (31 obras) · Medicine (16 obras) · Clinical Psychology (12 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Longitudinal study (11 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (9 obras) · Poison control (9 obras) · Juvenile delinquency (8 obras)